Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba uziva ngathi awunamandla? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ujonge ingxelo yegazi wathi "ukungabikho kwesinyithi" okanye "i-anemia". Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi kweli lizwe lethu abanayo. Ngoko ke, uyazi ukuba ngubani olawula le nto ibalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yisinyithi emizimbeni yethu? Kukho "umphathi" wokwenene walo. Ubizwa ngokuba yiHepcidin . Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama. Kodwa umsebenzi owenziwayo ukugcina imizimba yethu iphilile awunto incinci. Makhe sithethe namhlanje ngalo "mphathi wesinyithi" emizimbeni yethu.
Kalula nje, ngubani lo Hepcidin?
I-Hepcidin yi -hormone eveliswa sisibindi sethu ize ikhutshwe egazini. Ii-hormone zifana nezithunywa ezilawula yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke umsebenzi ophambili wesithunywa esibizwa ngokuba yi-hepcidin kukulawula indlela umzimba wethu osebenzisa ngayo i-iron. Ngokuchanekileyo, nguye ogqibayo ukuba umzimba udinga i-iron engakanani, kufuneka igcinwe engakanani, kwaye kufuneka iyisebenzise nini loo iron. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu bebiza i-hepcidin ngokuba yi-"Master Iron Regulator".
Kutheni ke intsimbi ibaluleke kangaka kuthi?
Khawucinge ukuba kukho inkonzo yokuhambisa ethwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu. Izithuthi zaloo nkonzo yokuhambisa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi . Umntu ofaka ioksijini ngaphakathi kwezo zithuthi yiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin . Ngoko ke i-iron sisithako esibalulekileyo sokwenza le hemoglobin. Ngaphandle kwe-iron, i-hemoglobin ayinakwenziwa. Emva koko iiseli ezibomvu zegazi azinakuthwala ioksijini. Kulapho sidinwa khona size sibe nengxaki yokuphefumla.
Ayipheleli apho, i-iron ikwafuneka ukuze kwenziwe iproteni i-myoglobin, enika ioksijini kwimisipha yethu nakwiintliziyo zethu.
Ngamafutshane, i-iron yintliziyo yenkqubo ethwala ioksijini enika ubomi kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina eli nqanaba le-iron lilungelelene. Ukuba akukho i-iron eyaneleyo, izifo ezifana ne -anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron ziyavela. Ukuba kukho i-iron eninzi, inokuba yityhefu emizimbeni yethu kwaye yonakalise amalungu omzimba. Ukugcina loo bhalansi ngumsebenzi ophambili we-hepcidin.
I-hepcidin iyilawula njani le ntsimbi?
Le yinkqubo emangalisayo kakhulu. Sifumana i-iron ekutyeni esikutyayo (inyama, intlanzi, imifuno, amandongomane). Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiminerali, imizimba yethu ayinayo indlela yokukhupha i-iron egqithisileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba sine-sodium eninzi (ityuwa), iya kukhutshwa emchameni. Kodwa i-iron ayikhutshwa lula kangako.
Ngoko ke, ibhekisa ekugcinweni kwesinyithi esingaphezulu ukuze sisetyenziswe kamva. Le sinyithi igcinwa ikakhulu kumongo wethu wethambo ,Kwispleen nakwisibindi .
Kulapho i-hepcidin ibandakanyeka khona. I-Hepcidin ingenelela kolu lawulo lwesinyithi ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Ilawula ukufunxwa kwesinyithi ekutyeni: Xa ukutya esikutyayo kungena emathunjini ethu amancinci, iiseli apho zifunxwa isinyithi egazini. I-Hepcidin imisela ukuba ingakanani isinyithi ekhutshwa egazini kunye nokuba ingakanani egciniweyo.
2. Iphinda isebenzise isinyithi esivela kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezindala: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuphila kweeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi limalunga neentsuku ezili-120. Xa elo xesha liphelile, ii-macrophages , uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (njengeqela 'lokucoca' lomzimba), ziyazitshabalalisa ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ezindala. Kodwa xa zisenza njalo, zibamba kwaye zigcine isinyithi esixabisekileyo kuzo. Ngoko ke, i-hepcidin igqiba kwelokuba le isinyithi igciniweyo mayibuyiselwe kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisandula ukwenziwa, okanye nokuba mayigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina ixesha elide.
3. Ilawula ukukhululwa kwesinyithi esigcinwe kwiindawo ezifana nesibindi: I-Hepcidin yiyo exelela umzimba ukuba uyikhuphe okanye ungayikhuphi isinyithi esigcinwe kwiiseli zesibindi ( ii-hepatocytes ) kunye neeseli zamathumbu amancinci ( ii-enterocytes ) egazini xa kuyimfuneko.
Isebenza njani kanye kanye le nto?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka sazi omnye umntu. Loo mntu yiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-ferroportin . Cinga ngayo njengegumbi lokugcina izinto kwiseli egcina isinyithi. I-Ferroportin "lisango elikhupha isinyithi" saloo gumbi lokugcina izinto. Ukuze isinyithi singene egazini, eli sango kufuneka livuleke.
Into eyenziwa yi-hepcidin kukulawula eli sango.
- Xa amanqanaba e-hepcidin emzimbeni enyuka , i-hepcidin ibopha isango elibizwa ngokuba yi-ferroportin ize ilivale . Emva koko, i-iron engaphakathi kweeseli ayinakungena egazini. Ukufunxwa kwe-iron kuyancipha.
- Xa amanqanaba e-hepcidin emzimbeni ehla , isango le-ferroportin alivalwa. Ngoko ke isango livulekile . Isinyithi esingaphakathi kwiiseli singena lula egazini. Ukufunxwa kwesinyithi kuyanda.
Zithini izizathu zotshintsho kumanqanaba e-hepcidin?
Imizimba yethu ikrelekrele kakhulu. Yonyusa okanye yehlise amanqanaba e-hepcidin ngokweemfuno zayo nangaliphi na ixesha. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela oku.
| Into Enefuthe | Impembelelo kwiHepcidin kunye neziphumo zayo |
|---|---|
| Isixa siphela sesinyithi emzimbeni | Ukuba amanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni aphezulu , umzimba wenza i-hepcidin eninzi . Oko kuyawuthintela ekufunxeni isinyithi esingaphezulu. Ukuba amanqanaba esinyithi aphantsi , umzimba wenza i-hepcidin encinci . Oko kuvula iingcango zokuba isinyithi esingaphezulu sifunxeke. |
| Ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi | Xa umzimba ufuna ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu ezininzi (umzekelo, emva kokopha kwegazi), udinga i-iron eninzi ukwenza i-hemoglobin. Umzimba emva koko wehlisa amanqanaba e-hepcidin. Oku kukhupha i-iron egciniweyo kwaye kunceda ekwenzeni iiseli ezintsha. |
| Amanqanaba e-oxygen aphantsi (i-Hypoxia) | Xa ubungakanani beoksijini efikelela kwizicwili buncipha, umzimba ucinga ukuba kufuneka wenze abathwali beoksijini abaninzi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi). Ekubeni oku kufuna i-iron, kunciphisa amanqanaba e-hepcidin kwaye kuvula amasango e-iron. |
| Usulelo okanye Ukudumba | Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Xa intsholongwane (umz. iibhaktheriya) ingena emzimbeni wethu, intsholongwane ifuna isinyithi ukuze ikhule. Ngoko ke umzimba wethu okrelekrele uyayithintela intsholongwane ekubeni ifumane isinyithi. Ukuze wenze oku, umzimba wonyusa ngokukhawuleza inqanaba le-hepcidin. Emva koko amasango esinyithi ayavalwa, kwaye yonke isinyithi ifihliwe ngaphakathi kweeseli. Intsholongwane iba buthathaka ngaphandle kwesinyithi. |
Kwenzeka ntoni xa amanqanaba e-hepcidin engaqhelekanga?
Ukuba umsebenzi walo mlawuli wesinyithi uhamba gwenxa kancinci, oko kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Ukuba amanqanaba e-hepcidin aphantsi kakhulu, umzimba uya kuba ne-iron eninzi kakhulu (i-Iron Overload). Ukuba amanqanaba e-hepcidin aphezulu kakhulu, umzimba uya kuba ne-iron encinci kakhulu (i-Iron Deficiency).
| Imeko | Kwenzeka ntoni, ngokutsho nje? |
|---|---|
| Iimeko ezibangelwa ngamanqanaba aphantsi e-hepcidin (ukugqithisa kakhulu kwesinyithi) | |
| I-Hemochromatosis yelifa | Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Kwimeko enjalo, isibindi asikwazi ukuvelisa i-hepcidin eyaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, amasango esinyithi (i-ferroportin) ahlala evulekile. Umzimba ufunxa isinyithi esingaphezulu kunesifunekayo kwaye usibeke kwizitho ezifana nentliziyo, isibindi kunye nepancreas, nto leyo ezonakalisa ezo zicubu. |
| I-anemia ebangela i-iron-loading | Kwezinye iintlobo ze-anemia, kukho i-iron eninzi. Iziphene kwinkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-hepcidin, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufunxweni kwe-iron okwandisiweyo. |
| I-Hepatitis C | Le ntsholongwane yonakalisa isibindi, inciphisa amandla aso okuvelisa i-hepcidin. |
| Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile | Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abanesifo seswekile basenokuba banciphise amanqanaba e-hepcidin kwaye banyuke amanqanaba esinyithi. |
| Iimeko ezibangelwa kukwanda kwamanqanaba e-hepcidin (ukungabikho kwesinyithi) | |
| I-Anemia yeSifo Esingapheliyo (i-ACD) | Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Xa umntu enesifo esihlala ixesha elide (umz. isifo sezintso, umhlaza, isifo sikaCrohn), kukho ukudumba okungapheliyo emzimbeni. Oku kudumba kubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-hepcidin emzimbeni anyuke . Emva koko amasango esinyithi ayavalwa. Nangona kukho isinyithi kwiindawo ezigciniweyo zomzimba, azinakusetyenziswa. Oku kubangela i-anemia. |
| Usulelo olungapheliyo | Usulelo oluhlala ixesha elide lunokunyusa ukudumba emzimbeni, lunyuse amanqanaba e-hepcidin, kwaye lubangele ukunqongophala kwesinyithi. |
Okokugqibela, i-hepcidin yi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu efunekayo ekugcineni ibhalansi yesinyithi emzimbeni wethu. Ngokuvala amasango esinyithi nokulawula isinyithi, ilawula ngokungathanga ngqo ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nokuthuthwa kweoksijini emzimbeni wonke. I-Hepcidin ikwasikhusela kumonakalo omkhulu onokwenzeka ukuba isinyithi esininzi singena emzimbeni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hepcidin yeyona hormone iphambili eveliswa sisibindi sethu elawula amanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni.
- Isebenza ngokuvala "isango" elithutha isinyithi elibizwa ngokuba yi-ferroportin. Xa i-hepcidin iphezulu, ukufunxwa kwesinyithi kuyancipha, kwaye xa i-hepcidin iphantsi, ukufunxwa kwesinyithi kuyanda.
- Amanqanaba eHepcidin ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana namanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni, iimfuno zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, amanqanaba eoksijini, kunye nosulelo.
- Amanqanaba aphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga e-hepcidin anokubangela ukugcwala kwesinyithi kunye nomonakalo wamalungu omzimba (umz., i-hemochromatosis), ngelixa amanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga anokubangela ukunqongophala kwesinyithi kunye ne-anemia (umz., i-anemia yesifo esingapheliyo).
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokudinwa okungapheliyo, ukuba mhlophe, okanye i-anemia, soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo ngokwakho . Ngugqirha kuphela onokwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo ukuze afumane unobangela ochanekileyo aze anikeze unyango olufanelekileyo.
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