Ngaba ukhe weva ukuba amalungu amaninzi entsapho yakho anesifo somhlaza wesisu, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala? Okanye ngaba kukho ukwanda komhlaza wesibeleko phakathi kwabasetyhini kusapho lwakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa usiva izinto ezinje. Kodwa kubaluleke ngaphezu kokoyika ukuqaphela oku. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ekhethekileyo yomngcipheko womhlaza enokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-HNPCC.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-HNPCC?
Ngamafutshane, i-HNPCC sisifinyezo se- Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer . NgesiSinhala, ithetha into efana ne-"Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer." Kodwa loo mazwi anzima kakhulu, akunjalo? Ngoko masikhumbule nje njenge-HNPCC.
Le yingozi yomhlaza enokuzuzwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngenxa yotshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kwiijini zethu. Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu amathumbu amakhulu, ayinxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu akho. Kodwa igama elithi "Nonpolyposis" lithetha "non-polyposis". Isizathu soku kukuba, ngesiqhelo, ukukhula okuncinci okubizwa ngokuba yi-"polyps" kwakheka emathunjini ngaphambi kokuba kuvele umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umntu one-HNPCC akaphuhlisi inani elikhulu lala ma-polyps, kodwa unobungozi obukhulu bomhlaza.
Ngaba ke ngoko iLynch syndrome ikwayi-HNPCC?
Ewe, la magama mabini adla ngokusetyenziswa kwimeko efanayo. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci kwezobuchwepheshe. I-Lynch syndrome yimeko yemfuza eyibangelayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu une-gene mutation enxulumene ne-Lynch syndrome, usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo somhlaza esibizwa ngokuba yi-HNPCC.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala uba nomhlaza onxulunyaniswa neLynch syndrome, njengomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, umhlaza we-endometrial, umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci, okanye umhlaza we-ureteral, kuthiwa usapho lunemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-HNPCC. Ezi cancer zihlala zikhula kwicala lasekunene lamathumbu amakhulu.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Zithini iimpawu zayo?
I-HNPCC ibandakanya i-2% ukuya kwi-4% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-colorectal kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-2 ukuya kwi-4 kwi-100 zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-colorectal zibangelwa yile nto yemfuza. Nangona inokuchaphazela nabani na, idla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-HNPCC ayisoloko ibangela naziphi na iimpawu. Leyo yeyona nto yoyikisayo. Kodwa njengoko umhlaza ukhula, unokuqala ukuba neempawu ezifana nezi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yesisu okanye ukudumba | Intlungu yesisu engapheliyo, engachazekiyo okanye ukuziva ugcwele rhoqo. |
| Umnqweno wokutya | Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Ukubona amabala egazi amnyama okanye amatsha kwindle yakho. Musa ukuyityeshela le nto ngokucinga ukuba yi-hemorrhoids. |
| Ukudinwa rhoqo | Ukudinwa kakhulu nokuba sele ulele kakuhle okanye uphumle. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba ngequbuliso wehla ubunzima ngaphandle kokunciphisa umzimba okanye ukwenza umthambo, kufuneka uxhalabe. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onomhlaza. Kodwa ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Kutheni i-HNPCC ikhula? Ingaba iyasulela?
Eyona sizathu siphambili sale nto zii-genes zethu. Khawucinge ukuba imizimba yethu ifana nencwadi enkulu, kwaye ii-genes ziyimiyalelo ebhalwe kuloo ncwadi. Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu isebenza ngokwale miyalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho iimpazamo zopelo (utshintsho) kule miyalelo.
Imizimba yethu idla ngokuba ne-genes ezikhethekileyo ezinokubona nokulungisa ezi mpazamo. Njengomntu ofunda incwadi echanekileyo. Kwi-Lynch syndrome, ezi yi- MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, kunye ne-EPCAM.Xa ezi gene zibizwa ngokuba "zizokulungisa" zisiba nesiphako, azikwazi ukulungisa ezinye iimpazamo xa iiseli zahlukana. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zinesiphako zinokuqokelelana zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.
Esi asisosifo sisulelayo. Awunakusifumana ngokutya ukutya okanye ukuba nomntu one-HNPCC. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubangela oku lunokudluliselwa kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umama okanye utata unalo olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. Emva koko kukho ithuba elingama-50% lokuba omnye wabantwana babo uza kuzuza elo jini. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho abantwana ababini, omnye wabo unokulifumana eli jini linobungozi. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi kwiintsapho ezinjalo befumana umhlaza.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-HNPCC?
Xa usiya kugqirha onezi mpawu uzikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukumamela ngenyameko iimpawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko, baza kubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho.
- "Ingaba umama wakho, utata wakho, abantakwenu noodadewabo babenomhlaza?"
- "Ukuba kunjalo, yayiluhlobo luni lomhlaza? Yaqala nini?"
- "Bangaphi abantu kusapho lwakho abakhe baba nomhlaza?"
Le mibuzo ibaluleke kakhulu kuba ukuba amalungu osapho aliqela aye anesifo somhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye wesibeleko, ingakumbi esemncinci, ugqirha unokurhanela i-HNPCC.
Okulandelayo, uvavanyo oluphambili lokuqinisekisa ukuba unomhlaza wamathumbu yi -colonoscopy . Oku kuquka ukuhlola amathumbu akho onke kusetyenziswa ityhubhu enekhamera encinci eqhotyoshelweyo. Ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo efunyenweyo, iqhekeza elincinci lethishu liyathathwa lize lithunyelwe kwilabhoratri ukuze livavanywe (i-biopsy).
Ukuqinisekisa imeko ye-HNPCC, kufuneka iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezininzi:
1. Uvavanyo lweMfuzo: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho kwaye ivavanywe ukuba ayinazo na iinguqu zemfuza ezinxulumene neLynch syndrome.
2. Uvavanyo lwezicubu zethumba: Ukuba kukho umhlaza, iiseli zomhlaza ziyavavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe iimpawu ezithile ezinxulumene ne-HNPCC.
3. Ukususa ezinye iimeko: Kukho enye imeko yelifa ebizwa ngokuba yiFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) . Kwi-FAP, amakhulu okanye amawaka ee-polyps akhula kwikholoni. Oku akwenzeki kwi-HNPCC. Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ukuba zeziphi kwezi meko zimbini onazo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-HNPCC?
Ukuba umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu uvela ngenxa ye-HNPCC, unyango oluphambili lutyando lokususa umhlaza kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-colectomy . Lungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Utyando lwe-Partial Colectomy: Yinxalenye yekholoni kuphela apho umhlaza ukhoyo esuswayo.
- I-Colectomy iyonke:Ikholoni yonke iyasuswa. Olu tyando ludla ngokucetyiswa kumntu one-HNPCC ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana omnye umhlaza kwixesha elizayo.
- I-Proctectomy: I-rectum isuswa kunye namathumbu amakhulu.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke (usuqhelile) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kunokufuneka olunye unyango ukongeza kutyando.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza anamandla okutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo kwimihlaza ebangelwa yi-HNPCC.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unale meko, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olungcono. Uza kufunda imeko yakho ngononophelo aze akunike isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.
Izinto ekufuneka umntu ohlala ne-HNPCC azazi
Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-HNPCC, oko kuthetha ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu kunomntu oqhelekileyo wokufumana kungekuphela nje umhlaza wamathumbu, kodwa nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ngoko ke, uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo kufuneka lube yinxalenye yobomi bakho.
Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ezi cancer:
- Isibeleko
- Isibeleko
- Isisu
- Inkqubo yezintso kunye nomchamo
- Ingqondo
- Ulusu
Oku kunokuvakala kusoyikisa. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo apha kukufumanisa kwangethuba . Ngokuhlolwa rhoqo, nokuba umhlaza uqala ukuvela, unokubonwa kwangethuba. Emva koko amathuba okunyangwa nokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu.
I-Lynch syndrome ayinakunyangwa, kuba yinto ekhoyo kwiijini zethu. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza obangelwa yi-HNPCC unokunyangeka. Utyando olufana ne-colectomy epheleleyo lunokuthintela umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
Ndingawulawula njani umngcipheko wam?
Ukuba unembali yosapho lwakho ye-HNPCC okanye i-Lynch syndrome, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Nguye oza kugqiba ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwemfuza.
Ukuba uqinisekisiwe ukuba une-Lynch syndrome gene mutation, ugqirha wakho mhlawumbi uya kukucebisa ukuba uqalise ukuhlola umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, njenge-colonoscopies, xa uneminyaka engama-20.
Ukongeza, unganciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza ngokugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni:
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokulinganiselayo (faka imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwi-fiber).
- Zilolonge rhoqo.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
- Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
- Fumana zonke iimvavanyo ezicetyiswe ngugqirha ngexesha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-HNPCC yingxaki yomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ebangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo (i-Lynch syndrome) edluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Esi asisosifo esosulelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amathuba angama-50% okuba abantwana baza kufumana ilifa le-gene elibangela esi sifo kubazali babo.
- Ukuba amalungu amaninzi entsapho yakho aye anesifo somhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye umhlaza wesibeleko, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-50, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu rhoqo, igazi eliphuma esitulweni, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo.
- Abantu abane-HNPCC basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ukongeza kumhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukufumana uhlolo rhoqo lwezonyango kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi.
- Umngcipheko womhlaza ungancitshiswa ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuphepha ukutshaya.
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