Kuqhelekile ukuba umama, utata, okanye umakhulu wakho balibale izinto ezincinci njengoko bekhula. Kodwa ukuba oku kulibala kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, kunokuba sisiqalo sesifo sika-Alzheimer. Musa ukoyika xa usiva oku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda le meko ngokuchanekileyo . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo i-Alzheimer's sisifo esitshabalalisa inkumbulo yethu kancinci kancinci. Sichaphazela kakhulu ingqondo. Into yokuqala eyenzekayo kukuba siqala ukulibala izinto ezenzeke kutshanje. Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, singazikhumbula kakuhle izinto ezenzeke kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela. Umzekelo:
- Ubunzima bokugxila kwinto ethile.
- Nemisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla, efana nokwenza iti, inokuba nzima ukuyenza.
- Ndiziva ndididekile kwaye ndidanile , ingakumbi ebusuku.
- Iimvakalelo zomsindo, uloyiko, kunye nokudakumba ngequbuliso.
- Ukulibala iindlela, iindawo, nokulahleka.
- Iingxaki zomzimba ezifana nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kukulinganisela.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha nokunxibelelana nabanye.
Xa esi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, umntu unokulibala abantwana bakhe kunye nosapho lwakhe. Umntu usenokungakwazi ukuzinxibisa, ukutya, okanye ukuya kwindlu yangasese eyedwa. Esi sifo sitshabalalisa kancinci kancinci izicubu zengqondo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Esi sifo sidla ngokubonakala kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
Ngaba isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye ne-Dementia ziyafana?
Nangona la magama mabini esetyenziswa kunye rhoqo, kukho umahluko omncinci.
I-Dementia ayilogama lesifo esithile. Ligama eliqhelekileyo elithetha ingqokelela yeempawu ezichaphazela inkumbulo, amandla okucinga, kunye nokuziphatha.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sesona sifo siqhelekileyo esibangela i-dementia. Oko kukuthi, i-dementia inokubakho nangenxa yezinye izizathu ezingezizo i-Alzheimer's.
Izigaba ezintathu zesifo sika-Alzheimer
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sidla ngokuqhubeka kancinci kancinci ngezigaba ezintathu eziphambili. Kubalulekile ukuba isigulana kunye nabanakekeli baso bakwazi oku.
| Iqonga | Inkcazo kunye neempawu |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqala (Eliphantsi) | Ngeli xesha, iimpawu azibonakali kangako. Ngabo basondeleyo kuwe kuphela abaya kubona naluphi na utshintsho. Usenokwenza izinto ezifana nokuqhuba imoto kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuqala ukulahlekelwa yinkcukacha, ucwangcise imisebenzi, kwaye ulibale apho ubeke khona izinto. |
| Iphakathi | Eli lelona nqanaba lide kakhulu lesi sifo. Unokuhlala kweli nqanaba iminyaka. Iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci kancinci, kwaye abanye banokulubona olu tshintsho. Usenokuba nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kwaye unokuziva udidekile ngalo lonke ixesha. Usenokubona utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha. Usenokufuna umntu oza kukunceda ukuze ufumane ukhuseleko. |
| Inqanaba lokugqibela (Elinzima) | Kule nqanaba, isigulana sifuna unyango iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku . Sisenokungazi nokuba siphi na. Asikwazi nokwenza imisebenzi elula efana nokuhamba, ukuhlala, ekugqibeleni siginye ukutya. Ukuthetha kunzima kakhulu. Kule nqanaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo kwiinkonzo zonyango ezikhethekileyo ukuze sinike intuthuzelo kwisigulana nakusapho. |
Kutheni isifo sika-Alzheimer senzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Nangona abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's bedla ngokuguga, asiyonto iqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokwaluphala. Izazinzulu azikaqiniseki ukuba kutheni abanye abantu besifumana kanti abanye abasifumani. Nangona kunjalo, ziyazi ukuba izizathu ezibini eziphambili zezi mpawu kukonakala kweeseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni:
1. Ukuxinana kweeseli zemithambo-luvo: Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Neurofibrillary tangles".
2. Iiproteni ezifakwayo: Iiproteni ezifakwayo zohlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Beta-amyloid plaques)` engqondweni.
Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nendlela kunye nesizathu sokuba kwenzeke lo monakalo. Kukholelwa ukuba iproteni esegazini ebizwa ngokuba yi-'ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)' isenokuba ibandakanyeka.
Ingaba le yinto evela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo iyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Abaphandi bafumanise ii-genes ezininzi ezonyusa okanye ezinciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sika-Alzheimer. Kodwa akukho sizathu sinye se-genetic esibangela isifo sika-Alzheimer.
Ukuba abazali bakho okanye abantakwenu bakha baba nesi sifo, umngcipheko wakho wokuba naso uphezulu kancinci. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba naso. Kwakhona, umntu ongenalo imbali yosapho lwakhe yesi sifo usenokuba ne-Alzheimer's.
Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unesi sifo?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo i-Alzheimer's, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha wakho . Uza kukuthumela kwingcali ye-neurologist ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuze axilonge, ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Ngaba uneengxaki ngenkumbulo yakho okanye ngendlela ocinga ngayo? Ukuba kunjalo, ikuchaphazele kangakanani?
- Ngaba kukho utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo okanye ubuntu bakho?
- Ezi ngxaki zichaphazela njani ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nelungu losapho kunye nawe ngeli xesha, kuba loo mntu unokuxelela ugqirha nangezinto ongazikhumbuliyo.
Ukongeza, ugqirha angayalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa isifo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurological olulinganisa inkumbulo yakho, ubuchule bokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nobuchule bolwimi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ezinye iimeko zempilo.
- Iiskeni zobuchopho ukujonga ukusebenza kwengqondo. Imizekelo: iiskeni ze-`(CT)`, `(MRI)`, kunye ne-`(PET)`.
- Kwezinye iimeko, kwenziwa i-spinal tap ukujonga ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF).
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwesifo se-Alzheimer okwangoku . Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza anokunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, ukulawula iimpawu, nokwenza ubomi bube lula.
Amayeza anikwa ngugqirha wakho aya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo okuso kunye neempawu ozifumanayo. Amanye amayeza amatsha (iLecanemab, iDonanemab) asusa iiproteni eziyingozi engqondweni aze alawule ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, ngelixa amanye amayeza enceda ukuphucula izakhono zokukhumbula nokucinga kunye nokulawula iingxaki zokuziphatha.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaze uthathe amayeza wedwa okanye ngengcebiso yabanye abantu. Soloko ufuna unyango kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso yengcali .
Ngaba zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwisifo sika-Alzheimer?
Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela isifo se-Alzheimer ngokupheleleyo, kukho utshintsho oluninzi kwindlela esiphila ngayo ukuze sinciphise umngcipheko wethu.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyimbangela enkulu yomngcipheko enokubangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kamva ebomini.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga umzimba kuluncedo kakhulu kwimpilo yengqondo.
- Landela ukutya okunempilo: Ukutya okuneswekile encinci kunye namafutha agcweleyo, kunye neziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo kunceda ukukhusela ingqondo.
- Hlala unxibelelana nabantu: Ukuthetha nabanye nokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunceda ukugcina ingqondo isebenza.
- Khusela intloko yakho: Ukwenzakala entloko kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho we-Alzheimer's kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Gcina ingqondo yakho izolile ngezinto ezifana neyoga nokucamngca.
Iingcebiso ezimbalwa zokunyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's
Ukunyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's akulula. Kufuna umonde, ububele, nokuqonda okukhulu. Ukuba ukhathalela umntu one-Alzheimer's, la macebiso aya kukunceda.
- Zenzele ucwangciso: Ziqhelise ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuhlamba, ukutya, nokunxiba ngexesha elinye yonke imihla. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukudideka kwabo.
- Thetha ngokucacileyo nangokuzola: Sebenzisa amagama alula abawaqondayo. Mamela ngomonde.
- Yenza indawo ekhayeni lakho ikhuseleke: Susa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo. Faka ii-bars zokubamba kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukukhanya okulungileyo.
- Bavumele bazimele kangangoko banako: Musa ukubanceda ngezinto abanokuzenzela zona. Oku kuya kubanceda bahlale benokuzithemba.
- Cinga ngawe nawe: Xa unyamekela umntu ogulayo, zinike ixesha lokuphumla nokwenza izinto ozithandayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, cela uncedo kwamanye amalungu osapho okanye kubahlobo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer asiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Sisifo esiqhubekayo esonakalisa iiseli zobuchopho.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho iindlela zonyango zokulawula iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango .
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo inokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo.
- Ukunyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's ngumceli mngeni. Kufuna umonde, ukuqonda, kunye nenkxaso yakho. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imeko kwaye ujongane nayo ngqo, ngaphandle koloyiko.
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