Sonke siyazi ukuba i-calcium ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni, ingakumbi emathanjeni ethu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, oomama bethu bebesixelela ukuba "ukusela ubisi kuyawomeleza amathambo." Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ngento eyenzekayo ukuba le calcium ibizwa ngokuba yilungileyo iyanda kakhulu egazini lethu? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-hypercalcemia kumayeza. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-hypercalcemia?
Ngamafutshane, i-hypercalcemia iyenzeka xa une-calcium eninzi egazini lakho kunesiqhelo. Oku kungaba kukunyuka okuncinci okwethutyana, okanye kungaba yimeko engapheliyo, ehlala ixesha elide.
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa i-calcium emathanjeni akho ingena egazini lakho. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwe-calcium emzimbeni wakho lusemathanjeni akho. Kodwa ukuze usebenze kakuhle, kufuneka ube ne-calcium egazini lakho.
Nazi izinto ezenziwa yi-calcium egazini emizimbeni yethu:
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Oku kunceda kuyo yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyivayo, nesiyiyalelayo.
- Ukuqiniswa kwemisipha: I-calcium egazini inceda imisipha ukuba ishukume, ihambe, kwaye yenze naluphi na ushukumo.
- Ukujiya kwegazi: Kunceda ekumiseni ukopha xa kukho ukwenzakala.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwentliziyo: Oku kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe isigqi esifanelekileyo sokubetha kwentliziyo.
Umzimba wethu ulawula eli nqanaba le-calcium ngendlela emangalisayo. Iihomoni ezimbini ziyanceda koku. Enye yi-hormone ye-parathyroid, kwaye enye yi-calcitonin. I-Vitamin D ikwadlala indima enkulu apha, kuba i-vitamin D inceda umzimba ukuba ufunxe i-calcium ekutyeni esikutyayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezifo ezithile, amayeza, kunye nezinye izinto, le nkqubo yokulawula inokuphazamiseka kwaye amanqanaba e-calcium egazini anokunyuka. Kulapho kuvela khona i-hypercalcemia.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-hypercalcemia kunye ne-hypocalcemia
Nangona la magama mabini evakala ngendlela efanayo, intsingiselo yawo yahlukile ngokupheleleyo.
- I-Hyper: Igama lesiNgesi elithi "Hyper" lithetha "ukugqithisela." Oko kuthetha ukuba i-hypercalcemia kukwanda kwe-calcium egazini.
- I-Hypo: Igama elithi "hypo" lithetha "uphantsi." Oko kuthetha ukuba i-hypocalcemia linqanaba eliphantsi le-calcium egazini.
Ngubani onokuthi abe nale meko?
I-Hypercalcemia inokukhula nakweyiphi na iminyaka, nakubani na. Kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu, ingakumbi emva kokuya exesheni. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuba i-parathyroid gland isebenza kakhulu.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yabantu ngokubanzi banale meko. Nangona kunjalo, i-90% yezi zinto ibangelwa yingxaki ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ngee-parathyroid glands (i-primary hyperparathyroidism) okanye umhlaza.
Ixesha elininzi, le meko ayibi mbi kangako. Abantu abaninzi bafunyanwa benayo ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo olwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inqanaba le-calcium egazini liphezulu kakhulu, linokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo kunye nokuqonda (Ukudideka)
- Ukungena kwi-coma
Zithini iimpawu ze-hypercalcemia?
Ngenxa yokuba le meko idla ngokubonwa kwangethuba, abantu abaninzi ababi nazimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa amanqanaba e-calcium ephezulu kancinci okanye ukuba imeko ibikho ixesha elide, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka.
| Inkqubo yomzimba | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Izintso kunye nenkqubo yomchamo | Ukuchama rhoqo kunye nokunxanwa kakhulu. |
| Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, ukuqhina, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya. |
| Ingqondo kunye nemeko yengqondo | Ukulibala, ukudakumba, umsindo oqhelekileyo. |
| Amathambo kunye nemisipha | Intlungu yamathambo, iintlungu zemisipha, iintlungu zomzimba, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha. |
| Iimpawu ngokubanzi | Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. |
Kutheni i-calcium egazini inyuka ngolu hlobo?
Kukho izifo ezingaphezu kwama-25 ezinokubangela i-hypercalcemia. Amanye amayeza kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nakho kunokubangela oku. Kodwa njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, izizathu ezibini eziphambili yi -hyperparathyroidism kunye nomhlaza.
1. Ingxaki ye-Parathyroid gland (i-Primary Hyperparathyroidism)
Kukho amadlala amancinci amane entanyeni yethu, emva kwedlala le-thyroid. La abizwa ngokuba ngamadlala e-parathyroid. La avelisa i-parathyroid hormone (PTH). Le hormone yeyona iphambili elawula inqanaba le-calcium egazini.
Khawucinge nje, xa amanqanaba ethu e-calcium egazini ehla, la madlala akhupha i-hormone i-PTH. Loo hormone iyahamba ize ikhuphe i-calcium ethile emathanjeni iye egazini, iyeke izintso ekukhupheni i-calcium, kwaye incede amathumbu ukuba afunxe i-calcium. Ngale ndlela, amanqanaba e-calcium abuyiselwa kwisiqhelo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi gland zine zisebenza kakhulu , nokuba inqanaba le-calcium egazini libuyela kwisiqhelo, i-PTH hormone ayizukuyeka ukukhutshwa. Emva koko i-calcium emathanjeni iya kuqhubeka nokongeza egazini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inqanaba le-calcium egazini linyuke.
2. Umhlaza
Malunga ne-2% yomhlaza inxulunyaniswa ne-hypercalcemia. I-Hypercalcemia yesifo somhlaza idla ngokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuba nzima kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zivelisa iproteni (PTHrP) esebenza njengehomoni ye-PTH okanye ikhuphe i-calcium ngokonakalisa amathambo.
Iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokubangela esi sifo:
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Umhlaza webele
- I-multiple myeloma (umhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi)
- Umhlaza weseli yezintso
- Umhlaza wegazi (i-Leukemia)
- I-Lymphoma (umhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic)
3. Amanye amayeza
Amanye amayeza kunye neevithamini esizithathayo nazo zinokubangela oku.
- I-Thiazide diuretics (amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu), njenge- hydrochlorothiazide .
- I-Lithium ( iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezithile zengqondo).
- Ukuthatha i-vitamin D eninzi, i-vitamin A, okanye izongezo ze-calcium .
Abanye abantu badla ngokuthatha iipilisi zecalcium carbonate, ezifana neTums®, xa benesifo sokugabha. Ukusela kakhulu kwezi zinto kunokunyusa amanqanaba ecalcium egazini okwethutyana.
4. Ezinye izizathu
Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga:
- Izifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-sarcoidosis kunye nesifo sephepha.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
- I-Hyperthyroidism (i-Thyrotoxicosis).
- Ukungakwazi ukuhambahamba.
- Izifo zamathambo ezifana nesifo sikaPaget sethambo.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Oku kudla ngokubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula. Ugqirha wakho uza kulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-calcium ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi lwe-basic metabolic panel (BMP) okanye lwe-comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).
Ubunzima bemeko buhlelwa ngokwenqanaba le-calcium egazini.
| Imeko | Inqanaba le-calcium egazini (mg/dL) |
|---|---|
| I-hypercalcemia encinci | 10.5 ukuya kwi-11.9 mg/dL |
| I-hypercalcemia ephakathi | 12.0 ukuya kwi-13.9 mg/dL |
| Imeko enzima/engxamisekileyo (ingxaki yeHypercalcemic) | 14.0 ukuya kwi-16.0 mg/dL |
Xa ugqirha wakho efumanisa ukuba inqanaba le-calcium egazini lakho liphezulu, uza kukubuza ngamayeza akho, imbali yezonyango yosapho lwakho, kunye nezinye izinto. Emva koko, baza kuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze bafumane unobangela.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi olujonga amanqanaba e-parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba evithamini D.
- Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukuba ingakanani i-calcium ekhutshwayo kumchamo.
Ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kokuba unobangela yingxaki kwi-parathyroid glands, i-ultrasound scan okanye i-CT scan ingayalelwa ukujonga ithumba okanye ukudumba kwi-glands.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-hypercalcemia?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu semeko kunye nobunzima bayo.
Kwiimeko ezincinci
Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-calcium aphakanyisiwe kancinci, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba:
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Oku kunceda ekukhupheni icalcium egqithisileyo kwizintso.
- Ukutshintsha amayeza akho: Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza ohlobo lwe-thiazide oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, unokucelwa ukuba uwatshintshe.
- Yeka ukuthatha izongezo: Ukuba uthatha iipilisi zecalcium, ivithamin D, okanye i-gastritis, yeka ukuzithatha okanye unciphise umthamo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele .
Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-parathyroid gland
Ukuba imbangela yi-parathyroid gland esebenza kakhulu, unyango olungcono ludla ngokususwa ngotyando kwe-gland okanye ii-glands ezisebenza kakhulu.
Ukuba imeko ibangelwa ngumhlaza
Ngeli xesha, kunikwa amayeza akhethekileyo okulawula amanqanaba e-calcium ngelixa kunyangwa umhlaza.
- IiBisphosphonates: Ezi zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwecalcium emathanjeni.
- I-Denosumab: Eli yeza linikwa abantu abangaphenduliyo kwi-bisphosphonates.
Kwiimeko ezinzima
Ukuba amanqanaba e-calcium aphezulu kakhulu kwaye kukho iimpawu eziqatha, isigulane kufuneka silaliswe esibhedlele ngoko nangoko ukuze sifumane unyango. Oku kuquka ukunika i-saline ngemithambo yegazi (ii-IV fluids) ukuze kukhutshwe ngokukhawuleza i-calcium eseleyo emzimbeni.
Zithini iziphumo zexesha elide zale meko?
Ukuba i-hypercalcemia ayifunyaniswanga kwaye ayinyangwa kwangethuba, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide.
- Amatye ezintso .
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngenxa yokugcinwa kwecalcium kwizintso.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension) .
- I-Osteoporosis kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
- Ii-cysts zamathambo.
- Uxinzelelo.
Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?
I-Hypercalcemia ayinakuthintelwa kuzo zonke izizathu. Nangona kunjalo, ungayinciphisa ingozi yakho ngandlela thile ngokuphepha izongezo ze-calcium ezininzi kunye nee-antacids ezine-calcium ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha .
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onembali ye-calcium ephezulu egazini, amatye ezintso, okanye isifo se-parathyroid, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hypercalcemia ithetha nje ukuba ubungakanani bekhalsiyam egazini buphezulu kunezinga eliqhelekileyo.
- Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimeko ezincinci azibonisi zimpawu. Zifunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olungacwangciswanga.
- Izizathu ezimbini eziphambili zoku kukusebenza kakhulu kwamadlala e-parathyroid kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
- Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobunzima bemeko, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nesi sifo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Ungaze usebenzise i-calcium okanye ezinye izongezo zeevithamini ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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