Sonke sizama ukunciphisa ityuwa esiyongeza ekutyeni kwethu. Kuba siyazi ukuba ukutya ityuwa eninzi akulunganga emzimbeni. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ityuwa ethile (i-sodium) ibalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu isebenze kakuhle? Ukuba eli nqanaba le-sodium liyancipha ngaphezu kwesixa esifunekayo, linokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-hyponatremia kunyango.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-hyponatremia?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Igazi lethu lifuna umlinganiselo othile wesodium ukuze lilawule umlinganiselo wamanzi kwiiseli zethu nezijikeleze zona. Oku kufuneka kube nokulinganisela okugqibeleleyo.
Khawucinge ukuba ngesizathu esithile ubungakanani besodium egazini lakho buyehla. Okwenzekayo kukuba ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni wakho buyanda, kwaye iiseli zomzimba wakho ziqala ukudumba. Oku kudumba kunokwenzeka kwiiseli naphi na emzimbeni. Kodwa kuyingozi ngakumbi ukuba kuchaphazela iiseli zobuchopho . Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokuqala ngeempawu ezincinci kwaye kuqhubekele kwiimeko ezinzulu ezinokuba yingozi ebomini.
Ngokwesiqhelo, inqanaba lesodium egazini lomntu ophilileyo kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-135 kunye ne-145 milliequivalents ngelitha (mEq/L). Ukuba eli xabiso liwela ngaphantsi kwe-135 mEq/L, silijonga njengemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyponatremia. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela kanye ukuba lingakanani eli nqanaba ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi.
Unyango lwale meko lungadinga uncedo lweengcali ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ingcali yezifo zengqondo, ingcali ye-endocrinologist, okanye ingcali yabantu abadala banokuba negalelo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-hyponatremia?
Ewe, le meko inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili kuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenzeka ngayo. Nangona la magama ezonyango, masizame ukuwaqonda ngokulula.
| Uhlobo lwe-Hyponatremia | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Euvolemic Hyponatremia | Okwenzekayo koku kukuba nangona inqanaba lesodium emzimbeni liqhelekile, ubungakanani bamanzi buyanda. Oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba ugcina amanzi amaninzi kakhulu. |
| I-Hypovolemic Hyponatremia | Kule meko, zombini i-sodium namanzi ziyalahleka emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kulahleka amanzi amaninzi kune-sodium. (Umzekelo: urhudo, ukuhlanza) |
| I-Hyponatremia egqithisileyo | Kule meko, amanqanaba esodium kunye namanzi emzimbeni ayanda. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba amanzi ayanda kakhulu kunesodium. |
| I-Dilutional Hyponatremia | Oku kwenzeka xa usela amanzi amaninzi ngexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kwee-electrolytes ezifunekayo. Oku kunciphisa i-sodium egazini lakho. |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Ukuba amanqanaba akho esodium akaphantsi kakhulu, usenokungabi nazimpawu. Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu ziyavela xa amanqanaba esodium ehla ngequbuliso.
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo nezinzima, iimpawu ezifana nezi zinokubonakala:
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Ukudinwa kakhulu okanye ukuziva udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukudideka kwengqondo kunye nokucinga
- Intlungu yemisipha, ukuqina, okanye ukushukuma
- Ukuziva ungaphumli, unomsindo
- Ukuziva ubuthathaka
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unale mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba usengozini yokuba nale meko (umz. ukuba usela amayeza athile). Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, umzekelo, ukuhlanza kakhulu, ukudideka, okanye ukuxhuzula, kufuneka uye kwicandelo elikufutshane lesibhedlele esingxamisekileyo (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
Kutheni i-sodium incipha ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?
Zininzi izizathu ezinokuchaphazela oku. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili.
- Amayeza athile: I-Diuretics, ingakumbi ezo zibizwa ngokuba "ziipilisi zamanzi," ezinye ii-antidepressants, kunye nee-painkillers zinokubangela ukuba uchame kwaye ubile ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba amanqanaba akho e-sodium ehle.
- Iingxaki zempilo: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, isifo sezintso okanye sesibindi kunokuchaphazela indlela umzimba olawula ngayo ulwelo, nto leyo enokuchaphazela amanqanaba esodium. Kwakhona, urhudo oluqatha noluqhubekayo okanye ukuhlanza kunokubangela ukulahleka kwesodium kunye nolwelo emzimbeni.
- Ukungalingani kweeHormonal: Kukho iihomoni ezinceda ekulawuleni amanqanaba e-sodium emzimbeni wethu. Kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone), umzimba ugcina amanzi amaninzi. Kwakhona, kwiimeko ezifana nesifo sika-Addison, iihomoni ezilawula ibhalansi yetyuwa ziyachaphazeleka. Amanqanaba aphantsi ehomoni ye-thyroid nawo angaba yimbangela.
- Ukusela amanzi amaninzi: Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunokunciphisa i-sodium egazini lakho. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubadlali ababaleka imigama emide, njenge-marathon, kuba babila kakhulu i-sodium xa besela amanzi amaninzi.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Utywala buyi-diuretic yendalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa usela utywala, ukhupha umchamo wakho kwaye ususa i-sodium emzimbeni wakho.
- Iziyobisi: Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezifana ne-ecstasy/molly (MDMA) ziye zaxelwa ukuba zibangela i-hyponatremia enzulu.
- Ukutsha kakhulu: Ukutsha kakhulu kwindawo enkulu yomzimba kunokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lolwelo netyuwa.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko?
Ukongeza kwizizathu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko.
- Ubudala: Umngcipheko wokufumana le meko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu abadala banamathuba amaninzi okufumana izifo ezingapheliyo. Amayeza abawasebenzisayo nawo anokuchaphazela oku.
- Iimeko zonyango ebezikho ngaphambili: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo sezintso, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sesibindi, i-SIADH, kunye nesifo seswekile insipidus basengozini enkulu.
- Umsebenzi womzimba onzima: Abantu abasela amanzi amaninzi ngelixa besenza umthambo onzima, njengomdyarho we-marathon, basengozini.
- Imozulu: Kwimozulu eshushu kakhulu, amanqanaba esodium anokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yokubila okuphezulu.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Ekubeni kunzima ukuqinisekisa oku ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa, ugqirha wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo .
- Uvavanyo lwegazi leSodium: Le yinxalenye ye "Basic metabolic panel" eqhelekileyo. Ilinganisa uxinano lwesodium egazini.
- Uvavanyo lwe-osmolality yegazi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana anyibilikisiweyo egazini kwaye lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukungalingani kwetyuwa.
- I-osmolality yomchamo: Ilinganisa ubungakanani beekhemikhali kumchamo.
- Uvavanyo lwesodium kumchamo: Ngokulinganisa ubungakanani besodium kumchamo, kunokufunyanwa ukuba imbangela yesi simo yinto eyahlukileyo kwizintso.
Ugqirha uza kufikelela kwisigqibo esichanekileyo ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nezi ziphumo zovavanyo.
Iphathwa njani?
Ngenxa yokuba zininzi izizathu, unyango luxhomekeke kwinto ebangele imeko yakho kunye nokuba imbi kangakanani.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungazami ukunyanga oku ngokwakho ekhaya. Ukulinganisela amanqanaba esodium namanzi yinkqubo ebuthathaka necokisekileyo. Inokuba yingozi nangakumbi ukuba yenziwe ngendlela engafanelekanga.
- Ukuba le meko ibangelwa liyeza olisebenzisayo, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukutshintsha iyeza okanye ukunciphisa umthamo walo.
- Ukuba kungenxa yesinye isifo , eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyinyanga ngokufanelekileyo loo meko.
- Ukuba imeko yakho imbi ngequbuliso , unokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Apha:
- Ukunika i-saline (isisombululo se-sodium esine-IV) ukuze kunyuswe kancinci amanqanaba e-sodium.
- Ukunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuxhuzula.
Ngaba oku kungaba yingozi? Zithini iingxaki?
Ewe. I-acute hyponatremia, apho amanqanaba esodium ehla ngokukhawuleza, inokuba yingozi kakhulu kuba ibangela ukuba iiseli zobuchopho zidumbe ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto,
- Ukudumba kwengqondo ngokukhawuleza
- Ukuxhuzula
- I-Coma
- Kwaye nokufa kunokwenzeka.
Ukongeza, uphando lufumanise ukuba i-hyponatremia yexesha elide inokunyusa umngcipheko we-osteoporosis kunye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hyponatremia lizinga eliphantsi le-sodium (ityuwa) egazini. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi.
- Izizathu zahlukile; amanye amayeza, intliziyo, izintso, isifo sesibindi, iingxaki zamahomoni, kunye nokusela amanzi amaninzi nazo zinokubangela oku.
- Lumka kwiimpawu ezifana nokucaphuka, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, kunye nokungazinzi. Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha (ukudideka, ukuxhuzula), yiya esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
- Ungaze uzinyange ezi zinto. Soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
- Ukusela amanzi kubalulekile, kodwa ukulinganisela kubalulekile. Sela amanzi xa unxaniwe. Ukuba umchamo wakho utyheli kancinci, mhlawumbi ufumana amanzi aneleyo.
- Ukuba wenza umthambo onzima, buza ugqirha wakho ngeziselo zemidlalo ezine-sodium.
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