Mhlawumbi ulivile igama elithi 'cholesterol' kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa xa ugqirha wakho esithi 'hyperlipidemia', usenokudideka kancinci. Ungakhathazeki, la magama mabini athetha into efanayo. Ngamafutshane, kuthetha ukuba igazi lakho linamafutha amaninzi, okanye 'i-lipids' njengoko sizibiza njalo. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu ebonwa ngabantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-lipids egazini?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafutha, okanye ii-lipids, egazini lethu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba igazi lethu lifana nendlela. Kukho iimoto ezilungileyo kunye neemoto ezimbi kule ndlela.
- I-cholesterol ye-HDL: Le "yi-cholesterol elungileyo." Ifana nelori yenkunkuma. Ithatha i-cholesterol engafunekiyo eqokelele kwimithambo yegazi yakho ize iyise esibindini. Isibindi sisusa loo cholesterol ingafunekiyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke ukuba nenqanaba elihle le-HDL kulungile kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.
- I-LDL cholesterol: Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi- "cholesterol embi." Ifana nemoto eshiya inkunkuma yonke indawo endleleni. Le cholesterol ye-LDL inamathela eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yethu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zinto ziyaqokelelana zize ziqale ukuvala ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi. Oku kuvula indlela yezifo ezinkulu ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.
- Ii-Triglycerides: Olu lolunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu. Aveliswa kakhulu kukutya okunamafutha neswekile esikutyayo. Ukuba kuninzi kwezi zinto akulunganga emzimbeni.
- I-cholesterol ye-VLDL: Njenge-LDL, le ithathwa njengohlobo lwe-cholesterol "embi". Xa oku kuphezulu, umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uyanda.
Kutheni sifumana i-Hyperlipidemia? Zithini izizathu?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Ezinye zizinto esinokuzilawula, kodwa ezinye zizinto esingenakukwazi ukuzenza.
| Uhlobo lwesizathu | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Ukutya | Ukutya okunamafutha agcweleyo kunye namafutha e-trans. Imizekelo: itshizi, amaqanda, ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, ukutya okucutshungulweyo, i-ayisikhrim, iimveliso zokubhaka, inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu). |
| Indlela yokuphila | Ukutshaya, ukusela utywala kakhulu, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukungazilolongi, kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sezintso, isifo sesibindi, i-hypothyroidism, i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), kunye ne-lupus. |
| Amanye amayeza | Ezinye ii-steroids, ezinye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (ii-Beta-blockers, ii-Diuretics), iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, ezinye amayeza e-HIV. |
| Izizathu zemfuza ezivela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana | Abanye abantu bayifumana njengelifa le meko kubazali babo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Familial Hyperlipidemia'. Aba bantu banamaqondo aphezulu e-cholesterol xa besebancinci kakhulu kwaye basengozini enkulu yesifo sentliziyo. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-hyperlipidemia?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo neyoyikisayo apha yile: Abantu abaninzi abanale meko ababonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni.
Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko ayibangeli zimpawu ekuqaleni. Yiyo loo nto inokuba ngathi "ngumbulali othuleyo." Kuphela kuvavanyo lwegazi olunokuqinisekisa.
Kodwa iingxaki ziqala ukuvela xa amafutha eqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi aze ayivale, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inganyangwa ixesha elide. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana nezi:
- Isifo semithambo yegazi yeCoronary (CAD): Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni iyancitshiswa ngenxa yamafutha amaninzi. Oku kuthintela intliziyo ekufumaneni ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu zesifuba (i-angina) okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Iiplaque ezinamafutha (iiplaque) eziqokelelene kwimithambo yegazi zinokuqhekeka ngequbuliso zenze ihlwili legazi. Ukuba eli hlwili legazi lithintela ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwinxalenye yentliziyo, sisifo sentliziyo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, iintlungu eziphuma emhlathini, egxalabeni, okanye engalweni, ukubila, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
- Istroke: Njengesifo sentliziyo, istroke senzeka xa igazi liqhekeka lize livale umthambo ohambisa igazi engqondweni. Iimpawu zingabandakanya intloko ebuhlungu ngesiquphe, ubunzima bokuthetha, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumbono. Oku kukwangungxamiseko lwezonyango.
- Ukugcwala kwamafutha eluswini: Oku kuhlala kubonakala kwiimeko zentsapho ezine-cholesterol ephezulu. Zingabonakala njengeziqwenga ezimthubi kufutshane neenkophe (xanthelasmas) okanye iziqwenga ezingqinibeni, emadolweni, nasezandleni (xanthomas).
Uyixilonga njani le nto?
Eyona ndlela yokwazi ukuba une-hyperlipidemia kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Lipid Profile' okanye 'Lipid Panel'. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa emva kokuba uzilile iiyure ezili-9-12.
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, ezinye iimeko zempilo, kunye nembali yempilo yosapho ukuze abone ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol asemngciphekweni na.
| Uvavanyo | Inqanaba elisempilweni (mg/dL) | Inqanaba lomngcipheko (mg/dL) |
|---|---|---|
| I-Cholesterol iyonke | Ngaphantsi kwama-200 | 240 nangaphezulu |
| I-LDL ("embi") i-Cholesterol | Ngaphantsi kwe-100 (ngaphantsi kwe-70 kwabo basengozini yesifo sentliziyo) | 160 nangaphezulu |
| I-HDL ("elungileyo") i-Cholesterol | Indoda: Ngaphezulu kwama-40 Ibhinqa: Ngaphezulu kwama-50 (ngaphezulu kwama-60 yeyona nto ifanelekileyo) | Indoda: Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 Ibhinqa: Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 |
| Iitriglycerides | Ngaphantsi kwe-150 | 200 nangaphezulu |
Singayilawula njani le meko?
Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili zokulawula oku. Enye kukutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo. Enye kukuthatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha esiyalele, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Ezi zizinto onokuzenza ngokwakho. Ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kunyango.
- Ukutya okulungileyo: Nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha agcweleyo kunye namafutha e-trans. Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile yekhokhonathi kunye neoyile yesundu. Nciphisa ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, inyama ebomvu, itshizi, ibhotolo, iikeyiki, kunye neebhisikithi. Endaweni yoko, yitya ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi . Ii-oat, irayisi emdaka, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iitshizi kunye neelentile zonke zilungile.
- Yitya iintlanzi: Ukutya iintlanzi ezinamafutha ezifana nesalmon, i-tuna, i-mackerel, kunye ne-sardines ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini ngeveki kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-triglycerides.
- Ukuzilolonga: Zilolonge ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, okanye ukudada. Ukuba kunzima ukukwenza konke ngaxeshanye, yahlulahlulwe ibe ziinxalenye zemizuzu eli-10-15 kwaye ukwenze kaninzi ngemini.
- Yeka ukutshaya nokusela utywala: Ukuyeka ukutshaya kuya kunyusa i-cholesterol yakho elungileyo (i-HDL). Kubalulekile nokuyeka ngokupheleleyo okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu.
- Lawula ubunzima bakho: Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba kunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni i-cholesterol.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Gcina impilo-ntle yengqondo ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga.
2. Amayeza anikwe ngugqirha
Ngamanye amaxesha, notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo lusenokunganeli ukulawula amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza.
- Iistatins: Olu lolona hlobo lwamayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa i-cholesterol. Asebenza ngokunciphisa imveliso ye-cholesterol esibindini.
- Amanye amayeza: Ukongeza kwi-statins, kukho amanye amayeza afana ne-Ezetimibe, i-Fibrates, kunye ne-PCSK9 inhibitors. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Sela amayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, kangangexesha elithile. Ungaze uyeke ukuwasela amayeza akho okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hyperlipidemia lizinga eliphezulu lamafutha egazini lakho, ingakumbi i-cholesterol "embi" (LDL) kunye ne-triglycerides.
- Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo kwizigaba zokuqala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
- Le meko inokuchongwa ngokulula ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi (Lipid Profile).
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, olufana nokutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya, ngamanyathelo okuqala nabaluleke kakhulu kunyango.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, ukongeza kwiinguqu zendlela yokuphila, kunokufuneka uthathe amayeza owalelwe ngugqirha.
- Ukulawula amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunokukunceda ekukhuseleni kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
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