Ngaba nawe unembono efipheleyo kufutshane nawe? Masifunde yonke into malunga ne-hyperopia!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumanisa ukuba izinto ezikufutshane nawe, umzekelo, xa ufunda iphephandaba, ujonga umbhalo omncinci kwifowuni yakho, okanye uzama ukufaka inaliti, zibonakala zingacacanga? Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, xa ubona into ekude, unokuyibona ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki, akunjalo? Ukuba kunjalo, usenokuba nale meko siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"farseopening" okanye `(Hyperopia)`. Ungakhathazeki, oku kuqhelekile kakhulu, kwaye kunokunyangeka.

Yintoni i-hyperopia? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ukubona kude yimeko eqhelekileyo yamehlo. Kule meko, unobunzima bokubona izinto ezikufutshane nawe ngokucacileyo , kodwa izinto ezikude (ngesiqhelo ziimitha ezi-6, okanye malunga neenyawo ezingama-20) zibonakala ngokucacileyo . Khawuthelekelele, xa uhamba esitalatweni, unokubona ngokucacileyo igama levenkile mgama, kodwa xa ujonga ityala esandleni sakho, oonobumba babonakala bedidekile. Yiyo loo nto injalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abanye abantu babona kude kancinci, banokubona izinto ezikufutshane nezikude. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, esi asisosifo samehlo. Lutshintsho oluncinci kwindlela iliso elijonga ngayo ukukhanya, oko kuthetha ukuba alikwazi ukugxila ngokufanelekileyo . Isizathu esiphambili soku yindlela iliso lakho elimile ngayo. Oku kuthetha ubude ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva kweliso (ubude be-axial) kunye nokugoba kwenxalenye ecacileyo engaphambili kweliso, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cornea. Awunakulawula indlela iliso lakho elimile ngayo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, le yimeko enokulungiswa .

Ukuba unengxaki yokubona izinto kufutshane, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha wamehlo. Banokwenza uvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu ukuze babone ukuba amehlo akho afuna uncedo oluncinci na. Kukho izisombululo ezikhoyo, kuquka iiglasi, iilensi zokunxibelelana, kwanotyando. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukhethe olufanelekileyo kuwe.

Kuxhaphake kangakanani ukubona izinto kude?

Oku kuqhelekile ngokwenene. Ngokutsho kolunye uphando, malunga ne-4.6% yabantwana kunye ne-30.9% yabantu abadala kwihlabathi liphela basenokuba ababoni kude. Nangona kunjalo, la manani anokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kolunye uphando, kuba iindlela abalinganisa ngazo ziyahluka.

Umzekelo, ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-40 babandakanyiwe kuphando, eli nani linokunyuswa nangakumbi. Isizathu soku kukuba emva kweminyaka engama-40, abantu abaninzi banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Presbyopia", esikukulahlekelwa kukubona okukufutshane njengoko bekhula . I-"Presbyopia" ikwabangela ukubona okufipheleyo kufutshane, kodwa ibangelwa lutshintsho kwilensi ngaphakathi kweliso njengoko bekhula. Esi sisizathu esahlukileyo kunokubona okukude.

Ngaba unesifo sokubona izinto ezikude? Lumka kwezi mpawu:

Usenokungaziva ungakhululekanga ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuba izihlunu zamehlo akho kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukuze ubone kakuhle,, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Umbono ofipheleyo xa ujonge izinto ezikufutshane, ingakumbi izinto ezikufutshane nobuso.
• Amehlo angaboni kakuhle okanye adiniweyo ebusuku.
• Ubunzima bokufunda. Kusenokuvakala ngathi oonobumba abasencwadini bayadanisa kwaye abacacanga.
• Ukubona kabini xa ufunda.
• Ukuva iintlungu ngaphakathi emehlweni.
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo .
• Uzama ukufunda ngamehlo akho enciphile (ejonge phantsi) .

Ukuba abantwana abancinci babona kude, ukongeza kwezi mpawu, banokuhlikihla amehlo abo rhoqo okanye bangabi namdla kangako wokufunda . Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona umntwana omncinci enokucinga ukuba ukruqukile kukufunda, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akakuboni ngokucacileyo oonobumba.

Kutheni le nto kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle? Zithini izizathu?

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokungaboni kude:

• Ukufinyezwa kwebhola yeliso. Oku kuthetha ukwehla kobude be-axial yeliso ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva.
• I-cornea yeliso ithe tyaba kunokuba bekulindelwe.

Usenokuba uzibuza, "Ngoko ke, kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iliso lifutshane kancinci kwaye i-cornea ithe tyaba?" Impendulo ikwindlela iliso lakho elijika ngayo ukukhanya.

Cinga ngeliso lakho njengekhamera encinci. I-cornea ifana nelensi engaphambili kwekhamera. Kulapho ukukhanya okungena elisweni kuqala kujongwa khona, kungene elisweni, kuze kuwele ngqo kwi-retina ngasemva kweliso. I-cornea idla ngokugoba kancinci, kwaye loo jikajika yiyo ejolisa ukukhanya ngqo kwi-retina.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-cornea yakho ithe tyaba, okanye ukuba umgama ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva kweliso lakho mfutshane kakhulu, olu lungelelwaniso lubuthathaka luyalahleka. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Xa ukukhanya kungena elisweni lakho, akuweli ngqo kwi-`(Retina)`. Endaweni yoko, imisebe yokukhanya igxila ngasemva kwe-`(Retina)`. Yiyo loo nto izinto ezikufutshane zibonakala zingabonakali. Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iindawo zeliso zinoku `(zivumela)` oku ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Kodwa ukuba ubona kude, amehlo akho adinga uncedo, njengeeglasi, ukuze agxile ekukhanyeni ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukubona kude kukwabizwa ngokuba yimpazamo yokubona kude. Iimpazamo zokubona kude ziinguqu ekuboneni ezibangelwa ziingxaki zendlela iliso elijonga ngayo ukukhanya. Ziqhelekile kwaye zinokulawulwa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ukuze ahlolwe amehlo akho aze afumanise ukuba yintoni kanye oyifunayo.

Ngaba ukubona izinto kude kuxhomekeke kwimfuza?

Ewe, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukubona izinto kude kunempembelelo kwimfuza.Oko kuthetha ukuba ii-genes ozizuze njengelifa kubazali bakho zinokuchaphazela umngcipheko wakho wokuba nombono obonakalayo kude. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-genes zichaphazela indlela elikhula ngayo iliso, ingakumbi ubude belihlo (`(ubude be-axial)`). Abaphandi basaphanda ngqo indlela ii-genes ezichaphazela ngayo oku.

Abanye abantu banokuba ne-hyperopia ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zemfuza, ezifana ne-`(Achromatopsia)`, `(Down syndrome)`, kunye ne-`(Fragile X syndrome)`.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yale meko?

Ukungaboni kakuhle kunokubangela iimpawu ezingathandekiyo ezifana neentloko ebuhlungu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci , ukuba banokubona kude kakhulu, banokuba neemeko ezifana ne -amblyopia (apho umbono kwelinye iliso ungaphuhli kakuhle) okanye i-strabismus (apho omabini amehlo engajongi kwicala elinye). Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho usemncinci. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni iimpazamo zokuhombisa ezifana nokubona kude ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unesifo sokubona kude? Zithini iimvavanyo?

Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba novavanyo lwamehlo olulula nolungenabuhlungu. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa yingcali yamehlo okanye yingcali yamehlo.

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha uza kubeka amathontsi amancinci amayeza (`(amehlo)`) emehlweni akho ukuze enze abafundi bakho (`(abafundi)`) babe baninzi . Oku kuvumela ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuba kungene elisweni kwaye kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone iindawo ezingasemva kweliso, ezifana ne`(retina)`, ngcono.

Emva koko ugqirha usebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlola amehlo akho, eqondisa imisebe yokukhanya kuwo, ukujonga impilo yamehlo. Oku akujongi nje kuphela iimpazamo zokuhombisa amehlo ezifana nokubona kude, kodwa nakwezinye iimeko ezininzi zamehlo ezifana neglaucoma kunye ne-cataracts.

Ukuba ufumana ubunzima okanye ukubona okufipheleyo, musa ukucinga nje ukuthi, "Oku kukukhathazeka kwamehlo nje," uze uhlolwe amehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubona okufipheleyo kunokuba luphawu lwemeko embi kakhulu efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga ukungaboni kakuhle? Ndingayilungisa njani le nto?

Ewe! Ngokuqinisekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa ukubona izinto kude:

• Iiglasi zamehlo: Le yindlela elula neqhelekileyo. Iilensi zeglasi zamehlo zitshintsha indlela ukukhanya okujoliswe ngayo elisweni. Indlela obona ngayo izinto kude iya kugqiba uhlobo lweelensi ozifunayo kunye nexesha oza kulisebenzisa ukuzinxiba.
• Iilensi zokujonga:Ezi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo neeglasi. Zilungisa indlela ukukhanya okungena ngayo elisweni. Nangona kunjalo, zincinci kuneelensi zeglasi, kwaye zinxitywa phezu kwebhola yeliso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zikhuselekile kwaye zikhululekile. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basenokungakwazi ukunxiba iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngenxa yeengxaki ezifana nosulelo lwamehlo olomileyo okanye amehlo.
• Utyando: Ukuba uyathanda, ungenza utyando ukuze kulungiswe ukubona kwakho kude. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokubona kwakho kude.
• Umzekelo, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba lutyando lwamehlo lwe-LASIK inokunceda abantu abangaboni kakuhle. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa i-laser ukutshintsha i-cornea yakho.
• Utyando lokutshintshiselana iilensi ezivuselelayo (i-IOL) lunokuba luncedo kubantu abangaboni kakuhle. Oku kuquka ukususa ilensi yakho yendalo uze uyitshintshe ngelensi yokwenziwa (ilensi yangaphakathi kweso / i-IOL).

Ngaba wonke umntu ongaboniyo kude kufuneka anxibe iiglasi?

Oku kufanele kugqitywe ngugqirha wamehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo akho anokukwazi "ukwamkela" ngandlela thile ngaphandle kweeglasi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu okanye unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ungafumanisa kulula ukunxiba iiglasi. Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano lolunye ukhetho.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda ukhethe indlela yokulungisa umbono ekufaneleyo, ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zamehlo akho kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.

Ngaba ukubona izinto kude kuya kutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo?

Hayi, ukubona izinto kude akuyi kuphucuka ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kotyando. Kodwa nasemva kotyando, umbono wakho unokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le yinkqubo yendalo eyenzekayo njengoko ukhula.

Xa unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, ukubona kwakho kuyalungiswa kwaye amehlo akho agxile ekukhanyeni ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa kwangoko nje ukuba uzisuse, iimpawu zakho zokubona kude zinokubuya. Kwakhona, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukubona kwakho kunokuba buthathaka kwaye kufiphale. Ungafumanisa ukuba iiglasi ozinxibayo ngoku azincedi njengoko zazinjalo ngaphambili.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusoloko unxibe iiglasi zakho okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho . Kubalulekile nokuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba amandla eelensi zakho kufuneka atshintshe na.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela ukukhula kokubona izinto kude?

Inyaniso kukuba, akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela ukubona izinto kude, njengoko idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nendlela elakhiwe ngayo iliso.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho imikhwa enokukunceda ugcine impilo yamehlo akho ngokubanzi. Nangona le mikhwa ingenakukuthintela ukubona kude, inokukunceda ugcine amehlo akho esempilweni:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.Izondlo ezifana nevithamini A, ivithamini C, ivithamini E, kunye ne-lutein zinceda ekukhuseleni umbono wakho. Ukuze ufumane ezi zinto, faka iziqhamo ezifana neeorenji, iidiliya, kunye nama-strawberry, kunye nemifuno eluhlaza efana nesipinatshi kunye nemifuno eluhlaza ecollard ekutyeni kwakho.
• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo ukuze ukwazi ukubona iingxaki zamehlo ungekabi nazo neempawu.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga, nokuba zisitsho ngemini enamafu. Khetha iiglasi zelanga ezithintela i-99% okanye ngaphezulu yemitha yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet (UV).
• Nika amehlo akho ikhefu rhoqo. Ukujonga isikrini sekhompyutha okanye ifowuni iiyure ezininzi kunokubangela ukuxinana kwamehlo. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana ne-"Computer vision syndrome." Ngokwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, unokuthintela okanye unciphise ezi ngxaki.

Ufanele uye nini kuvavanyo lwamehlo?

Ukuba uneempawu zokubona kude okanye ezinye iingxaki zokubona, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukubona okufipheleyo kunokuba luphawu olulumkisayo lweengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni ebangela iimpawu zakho.

Nokuba awunazo iingxaki zokubona, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo. Ngokutsho kwe-American Optometric Association, nantsi indlela abantu abangenazo iimpawu abafanele bahlolwe ngayo amehlo abo:

• Iintsana: Ngaphambi komhla wokuqala wokuzalwa (kungcono phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 nezi-12).
• Abantwana abancinci: Ubuncinane uvavanyo olunye phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ne-5, uze emva koko kube kanye ngonyaka.
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-64 ubudala: Ubuncinane kube kanye kwiminyaka emibini.
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu: Kanye ngonyaka.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yamehlo akho kunye nomngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo samehlo, unokufuna ukuvavanywa rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi. Qiniseka ukuba uyayilandela loo miyalelo kwaye uye kukuhlolwa kwakho ngemihla emiselweyo.

Kufuneka nini ufumane ingcebiso yezonyango ezingxamisekileyo? (Ingxamiseko)

Ukuba ngequbuliso, ubona umbono ofipheleyo okanye uphelelwe ngumbono , fowunela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko. Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zeemeko ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo, ezifana "neStroke" okanye "neRetinal Detachment".

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Ubunzima bokubona izinto ezikufutshane bunokuchaphazela umsebenzi wakho nezinto ozithandayo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhathazeke ngezi mpawu kunye nokukhungatheka ezikubangelayo. Ukuba ubona izinto ezingaqondakaliyo, ukrwitsha amehlo xa ufunda, okanye unentloko ebuhlungu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha wamehlo.

Ungafumanisa ukuba ubona kude na ngovavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu. Ugqirha wakho uya kulungisa umbono wakho ukuze ubone ngokucacileyo nangokulula. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni, thatha inyathelo lokujonga amehlo akho namhlanje. Ube nosuku oluhle!

Ukubona kude, i-Hypopia, ukubona amehlo, ukubona kufutshane, iiglasi, izifo zamehlo, ukuxilongwa kwamehlo