Ngaba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokukhula kwengqondo? Masithethe ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho omncinci ucotha ukufunda nokuqonda izinto ezithile kunabanye abantwana? Okanye ngaba udinga uncedo olungakumbi kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunabanye? Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Intellectual Disability)`. Musa ukoyika okanye ukhathazeke ngoko nangoko xa usiva eli gama. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwaziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngale nto.

Yintoni le nto ibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Ngamafutshane, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngumda kwizakhono zengqondo zomntu, kuquka ubukrelekrele, ubuchule bokufunda, kunye nezakhono zobomi bemihla ngemihla . Akuchaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokuba nempembelelo encinci kakhulu , kwaye baphila ngokuzimela. Abanye banokuba nempembelelo enkulu, kwaye banokufuna uncedo kunye nenkxaso ebomini babo bonke.

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kukungabikho kobukrelekrele okulinganiswa luvavanyo lobukrelekrele, `(uvavanyo lwe-IQ)` esiluvileyo. Kodwa oko akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo. Ewe, `(uvavanyo lwe-IQ)` sisixhobo esinye esisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa oku. Cinga ngako, kukho abanye abantu, inqanaba labo le-IQ lisenokuba liphakathi okanye lingaphezulu komndilili, kodwa banokuba nobuthathaka kwezinye izakhono ezifunekayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwakhona, abanye abantu banokuba ne-IQ ephantsi, kodwa ezinye izakhono kunye nezakhono zabo zomelele ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ke basenokungafikeleli kwiikhrayitheriya zokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Okanye, banokuba nenqanaba eliphantsi lokukhubazeka kunokuba `(uvavanyo lwe-IQ)` lubonisa.

Igama elisemthethweni elisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuchaza le meko yi-"Intellectual Developmental Disorder." Eli ligama elinikwe yona kwi-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo wale meko ungaziwa, udla ngokubangelwa lutshintsho ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo . Amaxesha amaninzi, inokwenzeka nasemva kokwenzakala kwengqondo, njengokugula okanye ingozi, eyenzeke ngaphambi kokuba umntu abe neminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yimeko eqhelekileyo kodwa engaqhelekanga echaphazela phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-3% yabantwana kwihlabathi liphela. Ixhaphake kancinci kumadoda kunabasetyhini.

Zithini iimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Iimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiingxaki ezikwiiqela ezahlukeneyo zezakhono. Oku kuquka izakhono zemfundo, izakhono zentlalo, kunye nezakhono zasekhaya. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi:

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nobukrelekrele

"Ubukrelekrele" bubhekisa kubuchule bethu bokuqonda nokusebenzisana nehlabathi elisingqongileyo. Budlula ngaphaya kwezakhono zolwimi nezezibalo ezilinganiswa ngovavanyo lwe-"IQ". Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zeempawu zobukrelekrele:

• Ukuba nokufunda okucothayo okanye okulibazisekayo (nokuba kukwimisebenzi yesikolo okanye kumava emihla ngemihla).
• Isantya sokufunda esicothayo.
• Ubunzima bokucinga ngokubhekiselele kwisizathu nesiphumo.
• Ubunzima bokucinga nzulu nokwenza izigqibo .
• Ubunzima bokusebenzisa izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki kunye nokucwangcisa.
• Kulula ukuphazamiseka kwaye kunzima ukuhlala ugxile kwinto enye.

Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezihambelanayo

Iindlela zokuziphatha ezizilungelelanisayo zizakhono kunye nezakhono abantu abazifundayo ukuze baphile ngokuzimela kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo . Xa ezi zinto zinqongophele, zinokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Uqeqesho lwendlu yangasese kukufunda kancinci kancinci indlela yokuzicoca (ukuhlamba, ukunxiba, njl.njl.).
• Kuthatha ixesha ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane.
• Ukuziphatha ngaphandle koloyiko okanye ukurhanela abantu abatsha, abangaziwayo (sithi "ingozi engaphantsi komntu ongamaziyo").
• Ukufuna uncedo kubazali okanye kwabanye abanakekeli ukuze benze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (efana nokuhlamba nokusebenzisa indlu yangasese), nokuba sele bekhulile.
• Ubunzima bokufunda izinto ezifana nemisebenzi yasekhaya kunye nemisebenzi emincinci.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda iingcamango ezifana nolawulo lwexesha kunye nolawulo lwemali.
• Ukufuna uncedo lokulawula idinga lezonyango kunye nokusela amayeza.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda imida yoluntu.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda okanye ukuqonda okuncinci ukunxibelelana nabantu, kuquka ubuhlobo kunye nobudlelwane bothando.

Zithini izizathu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho izizathu ezingaphezu kwesinye ezibandakanyekayo. Ezi zizathu zinokuchaphazela umntwana ngaphambi kokuba azalwe, ekuzalweni, okanye kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi bakhe.

Izinto ezibangela ukukhulelwa:

• I-genetics kunye nelifa: Iimeko ezininzi ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo zinokubangelwa kukuguquka kwe-genetic. Ezinye zezi nguqu zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Imizekelo ibandakanya iimeko ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-Fragile X syndrome, kunye ne-Prader-Willi syndrome.
• Iintsholongwane: Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-toxoplasmosis kunye ne-rubella, zinokuphazamisa ukukhula komntwana ongekazalwa kwaye zibangele iimeko ezifana ne-cerebral palsy, ezinokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo.
• IiTeratogens: Ezi zizinto ezinokuchaphazela kakubi uphuhliso lomntwana ongekazalwa. Imizekelo ibandakanya utywala, icuba, amayeza athile, kunye nokuchatshazelwa yimitha.
• Iimeko zempilo: Ezinye iimeko zempilo umama anazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokubangela utshintsho ekukhuleni komntwana ongekazalwa. Ezi zinto kamva zinokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Umzekelo, iimeko zehomoni ezifana neengxaki ze-thyroid (`hypothyroidism`).

Izinto ezichaphazela ukuzala:

• Ukungabikho kweoksijini (i-hypoxia).
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ezinye iintlobo zomonakalo wobuchopho ekuzalweni.

Izizathu ezichaphazela abantwana abaselula:

• Ukwenzakala okanye iingozi: Oku kunokubangela umonakalo engqondweni, nto leyo enokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukuchanabeka kwizinto ezinobuthi: Iimetali ezinzima ezifana nelothe kunye nemercury zingonakalisa ingqondo kwaye zibangele ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Izifo: Kwanezifo eziqhelekileyo ezisasazeka kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ezifana ne-measles okanye i-meningitis, zinokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Iithumba okanye ukukhula kobuchopho: Oku kuquka zombini iithumba ezinomhlaza kunye nezingenamhlaza (`ezingenobungozi`).
• Iimeko zonyango: Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zesifo sokuwa, ezifana nokuxhuzula kunye ne-"Lennox-Gastaut syndrome", zingonakalisa ingqondo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokwenzeka xa umntu ekhubazekile engqondweni?

Ezinye iimeko okanye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo nazo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho engqondweni olubangela okanye olunegalelo ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo. Ezinye zeemeko ezinokwenzeka xa umntu ekhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni (kodwa zinokwenzeka zodwa kumntu ongenakhubazeko ngokwasengqondweni) ziquka:

• Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwengqalelo/yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD).
• Ingxaki ye-Autism spectrum.
• Ukuphazamiseka kolawulo lweempembelelo.
• Iingxaki zeemvakalelo, ingakumbi iingxaki zokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba.
• Iingxaki zokunyakaza.

Abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo ngenxa yesifo esithile semfuza banokuba namathuba angakumbi okufumana ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene naloo meko ingundoqo. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ngakumbi ngeemeko umntwana wakho asengozini enkulu yokuzifumana, kunye nento onokuyenza ukuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu.

Ungayibona njani le meko?

Ukuchonga ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kudla ngokuba yinkqubo enamanyathelo amaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuna uvavanyo lobukrelekrele bakho kunye nezakhono zakho zokuziphatha eziguquguqukayo . Kubalulekile ukuqonda kungekuphela nje imingeni yakho kodwa kunye namandla akho . Nje ukuba uyazi amandla akho, ungenza unyango kunye nokungenelela okunokukunceda wakhe phezu kwaloo mandla kwaye woyise imingeni.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezinokunceda kwezi vavanyo, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokubona ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nakubantwana abancinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi vavanyo zihlala zingenakukwazi ukubona ukuba kunzima kangakanani de babe badala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathathe uvavanyo lwe-"IQ" kwaye bavavanye ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwabo okuziqhelanisayo.

Apho kunokwenzeka khona, iingcali zahlula ubukhali bokukhubazeka kwengqondo zibe ziindidi ezine:

• Ubumnene:Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bengqondo yabantu abanale nqanaba buphakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-12. Ukukhubazeka kwabo kunokuphazamisa ukufunda okanye imisebenzi enzima. Nangona kunjalo, banokuzoyisa ezi ngxaki kunye nokusebenza, ingakumbi ukuba bafumana ukungenelela okukhethekileyo kunye nenkxaso kwasebuntwaneni. Bahlala besebenza kwaye baphila ngokuzimela. Malunga nama-85% abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo bakweli nqanaba.
• Umgangatho: Abantu abakhubazekileyo ngokwengqondo baneminyaka ephakathi kwemithandathu ukuya kwelithoba ubudala. Banokunxibelelana ngolwimi olulula. Banemfundo emalunga nenqanaba lesikolo samabanga aphantsi. Uninzi lwabantu lunokufunda ukuhlala bodwa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa bafuna amanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkxaso endleleni. Umzekelo, inkxaso ekhayeni leqela.
• Abantu abakhubazekileyo kakhulu: Abantu abakhubazekileyo kakhulu ngokwengqondo baneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-3 nemi-6 ubudala. Basebenzisa amagama, amabinzana, kunye/okanye imiqondiso yokunxibelelana. Baxhamla kwinkathalelo yemihla ngemihla kunye nenkxaso ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla.
• Ubunzulu: Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo okunje banobudala obuqhelekileyo obungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3. Badla ngokuthetha ngaphandle kwamazwi, beqonda ezinye izimbo zomzimba kunye neempawu zeemvakalelo. Baxhamla kunyango kunye nenkxaso imini nobusuku kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo?

Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo kunye novavanyo lolwazi kunye nokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo, inani leemvavanyo zelebhu, zokuxilonga, kunye nemifanekiso zinokunceda ekuxilongeni. Iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho. Iimvavanyo zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumanise unobangela oyintloko, onokunceda ukucwangcisa unyango.

Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri, olufana novavanyo lwegazi nomchamo, lunokunceda ekuchongeni izizathu ezisisiseko zokukhubazeka kwengqondo okanye iimeko ezinxulumene noko.
• Ingcebiso ngezofuzo. Ukuchonga iimeko zezofuzo ezibangela okanye ezinegalelo ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nezi meko zingundoqo.
• Uvavanyo lokufota. Olu vavanyo luluncedo ngakumbi ekuxilongeni iimeko ezibandakanya utshintsho kwisakhiwo sobuchopho, njengeengxaki ze-cephalic.

Ezinye iimvavanyo zingenziwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko onayo okanye into erhanelwa ngugqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga novavanyo onokulwenza kunye nezinto abazicebisayo.

Iphathwa njani ingxaki yengqondo?

Akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthe ngqo lokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo,Ngonyango oluhle kunye nenkxaso, abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo banokuba nobomi obusemgangathweni. Eyona nto iphambili kunyango kukubanceda baphuhlise iindlela zokuziphatha ezihambelanayo kunye nezakhono zobomi.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:

• Inkxaso kunye nokungenelela kwezemfundo: Oku kunceda ekwenzeni utshintsho kwiinkqubo zemfundo kunye nezakhiwo. Umzekelo yiSicwangciso seMfundo esiHlanganisiweyo (i-IEP). Oku kubeka isicwangciso esithile semfundo kunye nolindelo.
• Inkxaso yokuziphatha kunye nokungenelela: Olu hlobo lokungenelela lunokunceda abantwana bafunde ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kunye nezakhono ezinxulumene noko.
• Uqeqesho lomsebenzi: Oku kunokunceda abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo ukuba bafunde izakhono ezinxulumene nomsebenzi.
• Imfundo yosapho: Oku kunceda iintsapho kunye nabantu abathandekayo babantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo ukuba bafunde ngakumbi ngale meko, kunye nendlela yokuxhasa umntu abamthandayo.
• Amayeza ahlukeneyo angasetyenziswa ukunceda kwiimeko ezinxulumene okanye ezenzeka kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nangona ezi zinganyangi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngokwazo, zinokunceda kwezinye zeempawu ezibangela oko.
• Inkxaso yoluntu: Umntu kunye/okanye usapho lwakhe banokuqhagamshelana neearhente zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni okanye imibutho yenkxaso. Ukwenza njalo kunokubanceda bafumane iinkonzo eziluncedo. Oku kuquka inkxaso ekhaya okanye emsebenzini, kunye neendlela zokwenza imisebenzi yasemini.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba umntwana wam unesiphene sengqondo?

Abantu abaneziphene zengqondo ezingephi, okanye abo baneemeko ezibabangelayo, banokukwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kwabo nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, uphawu oluphambili lokukhubazeka kwengqondo kukuba abakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nokucubungula okwenzekayo kubo okanye kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi abakhubazekileyo engqondweni abaqondi ngokupheleleyo indlela le meko ebachaphazela ngayo. Endaweni yoko, abazali okanye abanye abanakekeli badla ngokuba ngabokuqala ukubona iimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo kumntwana wabo okanye kumntwana womntu abamthandayo.

Khumbula, umntwana wakho uneenjongo, izinto azithandayo, kunye namandla akhe. Kubalulekile ukuba umncede azibone ezi zinto ngenkxaso ayidingayo ukuze aphile ubomi bakhe obuhle.

Abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo basenokungakwazi ukubona xa abanye bezama ukubakhohlisa okanye ukubaxhaphaza. Iinkqubo zenkxaso zingafundisa abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo ukuzikhusela, kodwa inkxaso kunye nokubekwa esweni kwabanakekeli kubalulekile kwimpilo-ntle yabo.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Imbonakalo yokukhubazeka kwengqondo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ingakumbi ubukhali bayo, unobangela wayo, kunye nezinye iimeko ezikhoyo .Ugqirha womntwana wakho ngowona mthombo ulungileyo wolwazi malunga nendlela umntwana wakho azibona ngayo izinto kunye noko unokukwenza ukunceda ukulawula imeko yakhe.

Abantu abaninzi abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo baya kufuna uhlobo oluthile lwenkxaso ebomini babo bonke. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkqubo kunye nemibutho enokunceda ngolo hambo. Abantu abaninzi abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo banokuphila ngokuzimela ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo, izinto abazifunayo, kunye neminqweno yabo, abantu abaninzi banemisebenzi, ubomi beentsapho, kunye neminye imisebenzi enxulumene nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokubanzi, ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, umntu okhubazekileyo ngengqondo unokuba nobomi obuhle.

Ngaba ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungathintelwa?

Amaxesha amaninzi, iingcali azikwazi ukubona unobangela omnye wokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Akulunganga ukuba abazali bazibeke ityala xa kwenzeka into efana nale. Nangona kunjalo, unokukwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho ngelixa ukhulelwe, okanye xa umntwana wakho esemncinci:

• Landela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho malunga nokuthatha amayeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye ufumane zonke izitofu ezicetyiswayo (ngexesha lokukhulelwa nakulo lonke ubomi bomntwana).
• Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kotywala, amayeza angagunyaziswanga ngugqirha, kunye necuba, kunye neetyhefu ezikwindalo ezifana nelothe.
• Ukuba unembali yentsapho yakho yeemeko ezinokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengcebiso zemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam ukuba unesiphene sengqondo?

Abantu abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo basenokungakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nempilo yabo okanye ezinye izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ebomini. Basenokufuna inkxaso evela kubazali, abantu ababathandayo, okanye abanye abantu ababanyamekelayo ubomi babo bonke.

Umntwana wam ufanele aye nini kugqirha?

Iimpawu zokuqala zokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonwa ngexesha lokutyelela rhoqo komntwana kugqirha wabantwana. Inxalenye eqhelekileyo yolu tyelelo luvavanyo "lweminyaka namanqanaba". Oku kuthelekisa ukukhula nophuhliso lomntwana wakho noko kulindelekileyo kwiminyaka yakhe. Khumbula, kunokubakho ezinye izizathu zokuba umntwana angakwazi ukuhlangabezana neziganeko zophuhliso ngexesha lobuntwana bakhe. Umzekelo, ukugula ngokwasemzimbeni, ukugula ngengqondo, okanye ukukhubazeka okuthile kokufunda.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho okanye ukuba usemngciphekweni wokukhubazeka kwengqondo, thetha nogqirha wezingane womntwana wakho. Angakunceda uqonde imeko ngcono aze akunike isikhokelo malunga noko unokukwenza okanye omele ukwenze ukunceda umntwana wakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kukho imibuzo emininzi onokuyibuza kugqirha womntwana wakho enokukunceda uqonde ngcono kwaye uxhase iimfuno zomntwana wakho. Eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ibandakanya:

• Ingakanani ingxaki yokufunda yomntwana wam?
• Zithini izinto anamandla kuzo kwaye zithini iingxaki zakhe?
• Zeziphi iinkqubo okanye imibutho yenkxaso ekhoyo kwindawo endihlala kuyo okanye kwi-intanethi enokunceda mna okanye umntwana wam?
• Zeziphi iinkqubo zesikolo ezikhoyo ukunceda iimfuno zemfundo zomntwana wam?
• Ngaba umntwana wam uza kukwazi ukuphila ngokuzimela, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, zeziphi iinkonzo aza kuzidinga ukuze enze njalo?
• Ngaba umntwana wam unezinye iingxaki, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ngaba anganyangwa?

"Ukungazinzi Kwengqondo" kunye "Nokukhubazeka Kwengqondo" - Yintoni umahluko?

Amagama athi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" kunye "nokukhubazeka kwengqondo" omabini achaza ingcamango efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" ngoku lifanelekile ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Ukuchaneka: Igama elithi "retard" kunye namagama anxulumene nalo avela kwigama lesiFrentshi elithetha "ukwenza kancinci." Ngokwembali, iingcali zisebenzise igama elithi "ukungakwazi ukuzenzela izinto" ukuchaza ukufunda kancinci okanye ukusebenza kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ligama elinzima ngakumbi, elibandakanya ukukhubazeka kwizakhono nokuziphatha. Ke ngoko, igama elithi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" lichaneke ngakumbi.
• Ukubandakanywa: Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zegama elithi "retarded" ngoku zithathwa njengezokungahloniphi. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwala magama kukhokelele ekwandeni kocalucalulo kunye nokuphathwa kakubi. Ngenxa yoko, imibutho yobungcali kunye neengcali ngoku zisebenzisa kuphela igama elithi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo."
• Ukuqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni: Ngowama-2010, urhulumente wase-US wamisela umthetho kaRosa. Lo mthetho wasusa amagama athi "umntu okhubazekileyo ngengqondo" kunye "nomntu okhubazekileyo ngengqondo" kwimisebenzi karhulumente, emthethweni, nakwimigaqo-nkqubo. Amagama athi "ukukhubazeka ngengqondo" kunye "nomntu okhubazekileyo ngengqondo" aba ngamagama asemthethweni nafanelekileyo ngokomthetho.

Ngaba i-ADHD kukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Hayi, i-ADHD kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona zombini zikwinqanaba elifanayo lokukhubazeka kophuhliso, azifani. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banokuba nazo zombini ezi meko ngaxeshanye.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yimeko echaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bomntu, kodwa ayikokungabikho ngokupheleleyo. Iinkqubo zokuxhasa ngemfundo nokuziphatha zigxila ekuchongeni amandla nokuwasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba unomntwana onesiphene sengqondo, unokuzibuza ukuba ngaba ngandlela ithile unoxanduva lwaso. Nangona kunjalo, isiphene sengqondo siyinto enzima. Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela okanye ezinegalelo kuso, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba uchaze ngqo ukuba kutheni kwenzeke oku (oko kuthetha ukuba akufanele uzibeke ityala ukuba umntwana wakho unaso). Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukho iinkqubo ezininzi zenkxaso kunye nemibutho enokunceda. Ngaleyo ndlela, umntu onesiphene sengqondo unethuba elifanayo nelabanye abantu lokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo, obonwabisayo, nobanelisayo.

Isishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yimeko echaphazela ubukrelekrele, ukufunda, kunye nezakhono zemihla ngemihla . Oku akufani kuye wonke umntu.
• Oku akuyonto inokulinganiswa kuphela ngovavanyo lwe-IQ . Iindlela zokuziphatha ezihambelanayo nazo zibaluleke kakhulu.
• Zininzi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba kubekho imfuza, iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iingxaki ekuzalweni, okanye iingozi okanye izifo ngexesha lobuntwana. Kudla ngokuba nzima ukuqaphela unobangela ochanekileyo, ngoko ke abazali akufuneki bazibeke ityala.
• Nangona kungekho ndlela yokunyanga oku, inkxaso efanelekileyo, imfundo, kunye nonyango lunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Kubalulekile ukuchonga nokuphuhlisa amandla omntwana.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye imibuzo malunga nokukhula okanye izakhono zomntwana wakho, qhagamshelana nogqirha wabantwana ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona uyibona ingxaki kwangethuba, kokukhona ufumana uncedo olungakumbi.
• Awuwedwa. Kukho izixhobo, iinkqubo, kunye nemibutho yokunceda abantwana kunye neentsapho ezinje.

Khumbula, wonke umntwana ukhethekile, kwaye wonke umntwana udinga uthando, ukunyanyekelwa, kunye nokuqonda. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, kodwa ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, nabo bantwana banokuphila ubomi obuhle nobunentsingiselo.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo , ukukhubazeka kokukhula, ubunzima bokufunda, uphuhliso lomntwana, impilo yengqondo, ukuziphatha okuziqhelanisayo, imfundo ekhethekileyo