Sonke sikhe seva nge "pneumonia," akunjalo? Abanye bethu basenokuba beva ngayo. Sihlala sicinga nge pneumonia njengesifo esinye. Kodwa eneneni kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela i pneumonia. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwe pneumonia olukhethekileyo, nolunokuba yingozi. Olu lubizwa ngokuba yi "Legionnaires' Disease." Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ngalo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iSifo seLegionnaires?
Isifo seLegionnaires sisifo esihlasela imiphunga yakho, uhlobo lwe-pneumonia ukuba sichanekile. Sibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiLegionella . Ufumana esi sifo xa uphefumla amaconsi amancinci amanzi aqulethe le bhaktheriya.
Esi sifo sichaphazela kakhulu imiphunga yakho. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sinokuchaphazela nengqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya (amathumbu). Kukho esinye isifo esincinci esibangelwa yile ntsholongwane yeLegionella, ebizwa ngokuba yiPontiac fever . Asingomkhuhlane onzima njengalo, sivela njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo size sihambe. Kodwa isifo seLegionnaires singasongela ubomi, ngoko ke kufuneka silumke ngaso.
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia eqhelekileyo kunye ne-Legionnaires' Disease?" Umahluko ukwintsholongwane ebangela esi sifo. I-Legionnaires' Disease yenzeka xa intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiLegionella ingena emiphungeni. Nangona uninzi lwezigulane ezilaliswe esibhedlele zinomkhuhlane kunye nokukhwehlela, ezinye iimpawu ezifana norhudo kunye nokudideka nazo ziqhelekile kwesi sifo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Enyanisweni, nangona iintsholongwane zeLegionella zikhona kwindalo esingqongileyo, ayinguye wonke umntu ophefumlayo oya kuba nesifo. Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela inamandla, iya kulwa nale ntsholongwane kwaye isikhusele. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo kunabanye. Masibone ukuba bangoobani.
| Udidi lomngcipheko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala | Njengoko sikhula, amandla omzimba okuzikhusela ayancipha, nto leyo esenza sibe sesichengeni ngakumbi sokufumana iintsholongwane. |
| Abantu abatshayayo okanye abakhe batshaya ngaphambili | Ngenxa yokuba imiphunga yonakaliswa kukutshaya, ayinakukwazi ukulwa nezifo. |
| Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka | Iimeko ezifana ne-HIV, isifo seswekile, umhlaza, isifo sezintso okanye sesibindi, okanye amayeza athile (umz., amayeza okulwa nomhlaza, ii-steroids) zinokunciphisa amandla omzimba okulwa nesifo. |
| Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla | Olu sulelo lunokubachaphazela kakhulu abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana neCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) okanye i-emphysema. |
| Abantu abaye balaliswa esibhedlele okanye abahlala kumakhaya abantu abadala | Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho ithuba lokuba le ntsholongwane ikhule kwiinkqubo zamanzi zezakhiwo ezinkulu. |
| Abantu abasandula utyando | Umzimba unokuba buthathaka okwethutyana, ingakumbi ukuba utyando lwenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia. |
| Abantu abafumana izitho zomzimba ezifakelweyo | Emva kokufakelwa ilungu, umzimba unikwa amayeza okuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba ukuze ungalamkeli ilungu elitsha. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko wosulelo uphezulu kakhulu. |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu zeLegionella ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezili-14 emva kokosulelwa yibhaktheriya. Nangona ezi zifana nezo ze-pneumonia, kukho iimpawu ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu:Umkhuhlane udla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwama-40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit).
- Ukukhwehlela: Kusenokuqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, igazi elincinci linokuphuma kunye ne-phlegm (hemoptysis).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Usenokuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba ungazibhokoxa kancinci (dyspnea).
- Intlungu yemisipha: Intlungu eqatha inokwenzeka emzimbeni.
- Intloko ebuhlungu: Intloko ebuhlungu inokubakho.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela esi sifo.
- Urhudo: Urhudo kunye ne-pneumonia luphawu oluphambili lweSifo seLegionnaires.
- Ukugabha kunye nokucaphuka: Ukugabha kunokuhamba nesisu esibuhlungu.
- Ukudideka: Iimpawu ezinxulumene nengqondo ezifana nokudideka, ukuxhalaba, kunye nokungakwazi ukukhumbula ukuba ukuphi okanye ukuba lixesha lini zinokwenzeka.
Ungabona ukuba olu luphawu olwahlukileyo kakhulu nolunzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
Sisasazeka njani esi sifo? Eyona nto ibalulekileyo!
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka wonke umntu ayazi. Isifo seLegionnaires asisosifo esinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakusifumana ngokuba kufutshane nomntu onesifo, xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Sisasazeka kwindawo esingqongileyo.
Iintsholongwane zeLegionella zifumaneka ngokwemvelo kumachibi, amachibi, imilambo, nomhlaba. Kodwa azisibeki bungozi xa zikwizo ndawo. Ingxaki iqala xa ezi ntsholongwane zingena kwiinkqubo zamanzi ezenziwe ngabantu kwaye ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwindawo efudumeleyo apho.
Cinga ngenkqubo yomoya opholileyo (AC) ehotele enkulu, eofisini, okanye esibhedlele. Ezi nkqubo zinkulu zisebenzisa amanzi ukuzipholisa. Ubushushu obukwiitanki zamanzi yindawo yokuzalela le ntsholongwane. Amathontsi amancinci amanzi (amanzi afakwe umoya) avela kuloo manzi anokusasazeka kulo lonke isakhiwo ngenkqubo yomoya opholileyo. Xa abantu bephefumla loo moya, iintsholongwane ziya ngqo emiphungeni yabo.
Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha xa sisela amanzi okanye sihlamba imilomo yethu, ukuba ngempazamo "sifutha" amanzi, oko kukuthi, ukuba angena kwindlela yomoya, anokubangela usulelo ukuba kukho iintsholongwane kuloo manzi.
Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka kakhulu kwi:
- Iibhafu ezishushu: Le ntsholongwane ikhula kakuhle emanzini ashushu.
- Iintloko zeeshawa kunye neempompo: Ingakumbi xa usebenzisa ishawa engakhange isetyenziswe ixesha elide.
- Iinkqubo zomoya opholileyo (i-AC) kunye namanzi kwizakhiwo ezinkulu: iihotele, izibhedlele, izakhiwo zeeofisi.
- Iimpawu zamanzi zokuhombisa: Iimpawu zamanzi ezifumaneka kwiindawo zokuthenga ezinkulu.
- Izinto ezifumisa umoya: Izixhobo ezongeza umswakama emoyeni.
- Ntlanu:Ingabangelwa, ngokungaqhelekanga, kukuphefumla uthuli emhlabeni ngelixa ulima igadi.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole. Uza kukubuza nangembali yakho yakutshanje yokuhamba (umz., ngaba ukhe wahlala ehotele?), imbali yomsebenzi, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo.
Kwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
- Uvavanyo lomchamo kunye ne-sputum: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Isampulu yomchamo wakho inokuvavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe ii-antigens zeLegionella. Isampulu ye-sputum yakho nayo ingathathwa kwaye iintsholongwane zinokukhuliswa.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lukhangela ii-antibodies ezichasene neebhaktheriya egazini. Uvavanyo lwegazi lukwanceda ekuboneni indlela amalungu omzimba (izintso, isibindi) asebenza ngayo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuboneni ukuba imeko ye-pneumonia injani emiphungeni kwaye isasazeke kangakanani.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci eqhotyoshelweyo idluliselwa ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni iye emiphungeni, apho kuthathwa khona isampuli yeeseli ize ihlolwe.
- I-Thoracentesis: Ukuba kukho ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (i-pleural effusion), kufakwa inaliti encinci esifubeni kwaye kususwa inani elincinci lolwelo ukuze kuvavanywe iintsholongwane.
Iphathwa njani?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iLegionnaires' Disease iyanyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane , kodwa kubalulekile ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Izigulana zihlala zinyangwa ngokulaliswa esibhedlele.
- Ii-antibiotics: Ekuqaleni, zinikwa njenge-IV antibiotics. Wakuba uzive ungcono, utshintshelwa kwi-antibiotics yomlomo. Ii-antibiotics ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-Azithromycin, i-Levofloxacin, kunye ne -Doxycycline .
- Ukunika ioksijini: Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ioksijini eyongezelelweyo inikwa ngetyhubhu yempumlo okanye imaski.
- Umoya Ongeniswa Ngoomatshini: Ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu kwaye imiphunga ayikwazi ukusebenza yodwa, isigulana singeniswa kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ICU) kwaye siqhagamshelwe kumatshini ukuze sincede siphefumle.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuchacha?
Nokuba sele ubuyele ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, kubalulekile ukuba usele yonke imithi yokubulala iintsholongwane echazwe ngugqirha wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba usulelo luphele ngokupheleleyo.
Kwakhona, kuthatha ixesha ukuba umzimba uphile emva kosulelo olunzima kangaka. Kangangeenyanga eziliqela, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Ukudinwa
- Intlungu yomzimba
- Iingxaki zokulinganisela xa uhamba
- Ubunzima obuncinci bokuthetha
Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Iingxaki ezinokubakho zesi sifo
Ukuba asinyangwa ngexesha okanye ukuba isifo siba sibi kakhulu, kunokuvela iingxaki ezininzi ezisongela ubomi.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla: Imiphunga ayikwazi ukunika igazi umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka umoya ophumayo ngoomatshini.
- Ukulimala kwezintso okukhawulezileyo (AKI): Izintso azikwazi ukucoca inkunkuma egazini. Oku kufuna amayeza okanye i-dialysis.
- I-Encephalopathy: Iimpawu ezinje ngokudideka kunye neengxaki zokulinganisela zinokuba nzima ngakumbi.
- Umothuko weSeptic: Usulelo lusasazeke kulo lonke igazi, nto leyo ebangele ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehle ngendlela eyingozi, kwaye amalungu omzimba angasebenzi kakuhle.
- I-Rhabdomyolysis: Imisipha yonakele, kwaye iiproteni zazo zinokuqokelelana egazini kwaye zonakalise izintso.
Ezi zinto zinokuba yinto eyoyikisayo ukuva. Kodwa khumbula, ukuba isifo sichongiwe kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu luya kuphila ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba asinyangwa, umngcipheko wokufa ungafikelela kwi-30% - 80%. Kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, lo mngcipheko ungancitshiswa uye kwi-5% - 10%.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? Ufanele uye nini kwi-ETU?
Ukuba uneempawu zeSifo seLegionnaires, ingakumbi umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukukhwehlela, kunye norhudo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Kwakhona, ukuba usandul’ ukuhlala ehotele okanye ehostele kwaye kukho iindaba zokuba iLegionnaires' Disease iyasasazeka apho, kububulumko ukuthetha nogqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso, nokuba awunazo iimpawu.
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu eziqatha ezilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla
- Ukukhohlela igazi
- Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seLegionnaires sisifo esibi kakhulu semiphunga esibangelwa yintsholongwane iLegionella. Sisasazeka ngokuphefumla amathontsi aqulethe le ntsholongwane.
- Oku akusuleli ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, abantu abatshayayo, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (ezifana nabantu abanesifo seswekile kunye nabaguli abanomhlaza) basengozini enkulu.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumla, urhudo, kunye nokudideka ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo.
- Esi sisifo esinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinzima ezifana nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla, umkhuhlane ophezulu, okanye ukudideka, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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