Oko kufuneka ukwazi ngeLymphoma - Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha waba namaqhuma amancinci emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nentamo yakho, emakhwapheni, nasemqolo? Okanye wakha waziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka nokuba umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zohlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-lymphoma . Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni i-lymphoma, indlela ekhula ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kunye nokuba kukho unyango.

Yintoni kanye kanye iLymphoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-lymphoma ngumhlaza okhula kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic . Njengemithambo yegazi, imizimba yethu inenethiwekhi yeendlela ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphatic system. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo, oko kukuthi, ukulwa neentsholongwane. Le nkqubo ye-lymphatic yenziwe ngama-lymph nodes, imithambo ye-lymphatic, kunye nezinye izitho ezininzi.

Uhlobo oluthile lweseli kule nkqubo ye-lymphatic lubizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes . Ezi ngokwenene luhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi. I-Lymphoma yenzeka xa ezi seli ze-lymph ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga, zingalawuleki. Njengokhula, ezi seli zikhula kakhulu kwaye zihlangana ukuze zenze ii-tumor. Oku kukwathathwa njengomhlaza wegazi, kuba uqala kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-lymphoma:

1. I-Hodgkin lymphoma

2. I-lymphoma engeyiyo iHodgkin

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-70. Ezinye iintlobo ze-lymphoma zinobundlongondlongo kakhulu , ngelixa ezinye zibuthathaka kakhulu. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba uninzi lwexesha, i-lymphoma inokulawulwa (ikhutshwe) okanye inyangeke ngokupheleleyo ngonyango. Nabani na unokuba ne-lymphoma, ukususela kubantwana abancinci ukuya kubantu abadala. Kodwa kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha kakhulu nge-lymphoma kubantu abadala.

Ngaba i-lymphoma sisifo esiqhelekileyo?

Hayi, i-lymphoma ayisosifo siqhelekileyo xa sithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Umzekelo, i-American Cancer Society ilindele ukuba malunga namatyala amatsha angama-89,000 e-lymphoma aza kufunyaniswa e-United States ngo-2023. Kwangaxeshanye, kuthiwa malunga namatyala angama-236,740 omhlaza wemiphunga aza kufunyaniswa. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ngathi i-lymphoma ayiqhelekanga kangako.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-lymphoma?

• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma idla ngokuvela kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 ukuya kwengama-80. Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo kunabafazi.
• I-Hodgkin lymphoma inokukhula kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-39 ubudala nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Ikwaqheleke kancinci kumadoda.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-lymphoma?

Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu ze-lymphoma zinokufana nezezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Musa ukoyika ukucinga ukuba une-lymphoma kuba nje unale mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye iimpawu ezintsha ezingapheli emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Iimpawu ezinokuthi ziqheleke kwiHodgkin kunye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ziquka:

• Ukudumba okungenabuhlungu: I-lymph nodes enye okanye ezingaphezulu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, okanye emqolo ezidumbileyo nezingapheli emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Ezi zinokuvakala njengeziqwenga ezincinci ezinokuvakala esandleni.
• Ukudinwa okungapheliyo: Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye ucotha imini yonke, nokuba sele ulele kakuhle.
• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo: Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit (39.5 Celsius) kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwembini, okanye umkhuhlane ophelayo uze ubuye.
• Ukubila ebusuku okumanzi: Ukubila kakhulu ebusuku xa ulele kangangokuba amashiti neempahla ziyamanzi.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Ukuziva uxinene esifubeni, ngokungathi awukwazi ukuphefumla.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo: Ukunciphisa malunga ne-10% yobunzima bakho buphela kwiinyanga ezi-6, ngaphandle kokutya okanye ukuzilolonga.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, akuthethi ukuba une-lymphoma. Nangona kunjalo, kusabalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Zithini izizathu ze-lymphoma?

I-Lymphoma ibangelwa lutshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo (iinguqu) kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic, ezibangela ukuba zibe ziiseli zomhlaza ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kolawulo. Kudla ngokuba nzima ukufumana ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. Oku kuthetha ukuba luhlala luzenzekela .

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba ezinye iimeko kunye neengxaki zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-lymphoma. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuba ukhe waba nosulelo lwentsholongwane okanye okwangoku olufana ne -HIV (i-human immunodeficiency virus) , i-Epstein-Barr virus (i-virus ebangela i-mononucleosis okanye isifo sokuqabulana) , okanye i-Kaposi sarcoma human immunodeficiency virus .
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba ne-lymphoma (imbali yosapho).
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka ngenxa yezinye izifo okanye unyango lwezonyango. Umzekelo, abantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba basebenzisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi -immunosuppressants ukuthintela umzimba ukuba ungalamkeli ilungu elifakelweyo. La mayeza enza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibe buthathaka.
• Ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba , le yimeko apho amajoni omzimba wakho ehlasela umzimba wakho ngempazamo endaweni yokukukhusela.

Ifunyanwa njani i-lymphoma?

Oogqirha benza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kufunyaniswe i-lymphoma.

1. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Jonga iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Jonga ukuba akukho lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo kunye namalungu omzimba afana nespleen.

2. I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa i-lymphoma. Iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lithathwa kwi-lymph node evuvukileyo okanye kwenye i-tissue ekrokrisayo lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali yezonyango . Oku kuya kukuxelela ngqo ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lwe-lymphoma.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo zibonisa ukuba kukho i-lymphoma, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olongezelelweyo kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso ukuze bafumane okungakumbi ngale meko baze bacebe unyango.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) olunomahluko: Oku kujonga amanqanaba ezinto ezifana neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
• Izinga lokudumba kwe-Erythrocyte (ESR): Oku kunceda ukufumana umbono wokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• I-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Eli nqanaba linokunyuka xa iiseli zikhula/zifa ngokukhawuleza.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi kunye nezintso.
• I-serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP): Oku kubalulekile ukujonga iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga (iiproteni ze-M) eziveliswa kwezinye ii-lymphomas.

Uvavanyo lokufota

• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan): Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba ii-lymph nodes, i-spleen, okanye ezinye izitho zidumbile, kwaye ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na.
• I-PET scan (i-Positron emissions tomography - i-PET scan): Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuchongeni iindawo apho kukho iiseli zomhlaza. I-PET scan idla ngokwenziwa kunye ne- CT scan . Ngamanye amaxesha i-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan nayo iyasetyenziswa.

Ukuba une -non-Hodgkin lymphoma , ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze kuchongwe ii-genes ezithile kunye neeproteni ezinxulumene nayo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-lymphoma?

Unyango lwe-lymphoma luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-lymphoma. Umzekelo, ukuba unohlobo lwe-lymphoma olunobundlongondlongo kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oko kubizwa ngokuba kukugadwa okusebenzayo okanye ukulinda ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba impilo yakho kunye neempawu ze-lymphoma zijongwa ngokusondeleyo, kwaye unyango aluqalwa de isifo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-lymphoma zezi:

• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy
• Unyango lweeseli ze-T ze-CAR
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem okanye umongo wethambo

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nonyango lokudambisa intlungu njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakho sonyango. Oku kukunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango. Kukwabandakanya ukubonelela ngenkxaso yeemvakalelo kunye nentuthuzelo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Unyango lwe-lymphoma lunokubangela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba wonke umntu usabela ngokwahlukileyo kunyango olufanayo, kubalulekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwakho kunye nendlela yokuzilawula.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-lymphoma?

Abaphandi basaphanda izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane kunye nembali yosapho zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo se-lymphoma. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba sengozini yokuba nesifo se-lymphoma ngenxa yembali yakho yezonyango okanye imbali yosapho, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Liliphi ithemba umntu one-lymphoma analo?

Ingqikelelo yakho yinto onokuyilindela emva kokugqiba unyango. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lwe-lymphoma onayo, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lunokubangela ukuba i-lymphoma ibuyele esiqhelweni okanye inyangeke ngokupheleleyo. Ukuxolelwa kuthetha ukuba awunazo iimpawu ze-lymphoma kwaye akukho zimpawu ze-lymphoma ezinokufunyanwa kwiimvavanyo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-lymphoma ekwimeko yokuxola ingaphinda ivele. Ukuba une-lymphoma ekuxoleni, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ufumane amadinga okulandela. Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lokujonga iimpawu ze-lymphoma. Iimpawu zizinto ozivayo kwaye onokuzichaza. Iimpawu zinguqu kwizinto ezinokulinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi, njengomkhuhlane kunye nokubalwa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Ingakanani izinga lokunyanga i-lymphoma?

Ngokubanzi, idatha ibonisa ukuba ama-89% abantu abane -Hodgkin lymphoma kunye nama-74% abantu abane -non-Hodgkin lymphoma baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe.

La mazinga okusinda asekelwe kumava amaqela anesifo esifanayo. Awaniki uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lokuba umntu uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani ene-lymphoma. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, buza ugqirha wakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-lymphoma?

Ukuba une-lymphoma, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ukwenza isicwangciso sokuphila nayo. Esi sicwangciso siza kukunceda ngexesha lokuqala lonyango, kunye nexesha lokutyelela ugqirha. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa usenza isicwangciso sakho:

• Fumana indlela unyango lwe-lymphoma oluya kuyichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Emva koko ungazikhethela ukuba ufuna uncedo ekhaya okanye uza kuya nini ukufumana unyango.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo. Faka ukutya okufana nenyama engenamafutha, imifuno, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye neyogathi ekutyeni kwakho. Unyango lomhlaza lunokubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumdla wokutya. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, thetha nengcali yesondlo malunga neendlela zokufumana izondlo ozidingayo ukuze uhlale unamandla ngexesha lonyango.
• Zenzele ixesha. Yenza izinto ezifana nokubhala iijenali, ukumamela umculo, ukuchitha ixesha ngaphandle. Ukuphila nomhlaza kuyaxinezeleka. Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye nokuzilolonga ukuphefumla zinokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Yenza umthambo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umthambo unokunciphisa ukudinwa noxinzelelo kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi kubantu abane-lymphoma.
• Umhlaza unokuba yinto ekwenza ube wedwa. Kunokuba nzima ukuthetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo ngesigulo sakho. Buza ugqirha wakho ngeenkonzo kunye neenkqubo ezinokukunceda.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha wakho nanini na xa ucinga ukuba iimpawu zakho ze-lymphoma ziya zisiba mandundu, okanye nanini na xa ufuna uncedo lokulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango.

Kufuneka uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Unyango oluninzi lomhlaza luchaphazela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kuthetha ukuba unyango lwakho lomhlaza lunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana usulelo. Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezinokufuna ukuba uye kwigumbi longxamiseko:

• Umkhuhlane we-100.3 Fahrenheit (39.5 Celsius) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuziva ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Ukukhohlela okusebenzayo okanye "okumanzi".
• Intlungu zesisu.
• Urhudo oluhlala luhleli kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Imibuzo onokuba nayo ngexesha lohambo lwakho nomhlaza ingatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba usandul’ ukufunyanwa une-lymphoma, nantsi eminye imibuzo esisiseko onokuyibuza:

• Uyazi njani ukuba ndine-lymphoma?
• Luhlobo luni lwe-lymphoma endinalo?
• Ndinexesha elingakanani ndinayo le lymphoma?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango ngalunye?
• Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngemeko yam (uqikelelo)?

Ngaba i-lymphoma ngumhlaza onzima?

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-lymphoma onayo. Umzekelo, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Oku kunokwenza umzimba wakho ube sesichengeni sokufumana izifo ezisongela ubomi, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ngokwezibalo, malunga nabantu abangama-300,000 kwihlabathi liphela bayafa ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Ngaba i-lymphoma ingafunyanwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokufumanisa izinto ezifana nokwanda kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza wegazi ezifana ne-lymphoma okanye i-leukemia. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alunakuqinisekisa ukuba une-lymphoma. Oogqirha bafumanisa i-lymphoma ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe -biopsy kunye ne-imaging .

Iqala phi i-lymphoma?

I-Lymphoma ingaqala naphi na emzimbeni wakho apho une-lymphocytes. Ezi luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezilwa nosulelo. Zifumaneka kwi-lymph nodes zakho, kwi-spleen, kumongo wethambo, nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Uphawu lokuqala oluqhelekileyo kukudumba kwe-lymph nodes entanyeni, esifubeni esingaphezulu, emakhwapheni, esiswini, okanye emqolo.

I-lymphoma ingaba khona ixesha elingakanani ngaphandle kokuba ingaziwa?

Ungaba ne-lymphoma iminyaka emininzi ungakhange ufumane naziphi na iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ze-lymphoma zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwemifanekiso oluqhelekileyo olwenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Lymphoma sisifo esibi kakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, unyango lwe-lymphoma luyaphucuka, lunceda abantu baphile ixesha elide. Izinga lokusinda liyanda minyaka le. Abaphandi bakwafumanisa okungakumbi ngezinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abe ne-lymphoma.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba semngciphekweni we-lymphoma, thetha nogqirha wakho. Ukuba kunjalo, uza kukuchazela into onokuyenza ukukhusela impilo yakho.

Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha. Hlala usempilweni!

i- lymphoma, umhlaza, ii-lymph nodes, iimpawu, unyango, i-Hodgkin lymphoma, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma