Iingcongconi aziyonto ingaqhelekanga kwilizwe lethu. Ukususela ekusikhathazeni ebusuku xa silala ukuya ekubangeleni izifo ezifana ne-dengue, iingcongconi zisibangela iingxaki ezininzi. Kodwa namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye isifo esiyingozi ngokulinganayo kwaye sisasazwa ziingcongconi. Loo yimalariya. Usenokuba ukhe wayiva le gama, kodwa usenokungazi ukuba inzulu kangakanani. Ingakumbi ukuba ukhe watyelela ilizwe elifana ne-Afrika okanye uMzantsi Melika, okanye ukuba unomntu endlwini yakho obuye evela kwilizwe elinjalo, eli nqaku liza kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni imalariya?
I-Malaria sisifo esithwalwa ziingcongconi. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iingcongconi. Esi sifo sibangelwa yingcongconi ephethe i-parasite ekhethekileyo encinci kangangokuba ayibonakali emehlweni. Njengokuba umkhuhlane we-dengue ubangelwa yingcongconi ethwala intsholongwane ye-dengue.
Esi silwanyana singena egazini lethu ngamathe engcongconi. Ukusuka apho, siya ngqo esibindini sethu. Siphindaphinda buthule ngaphakathi esibindini, oko kukuthi, siyazala, size singene egazini lethu kwakhona ngamawakawaka. Kulapho ke iimpawu ziqala khona ukubonakala. Ukuba asinyangwa ngexesha, esi sisifo esinzulu esinokuba yingozi nakubomi . Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
Zithini iimpawu zemalariya?
Iimpawu zemalariya ekuqaleni zibonakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane ombi, ngoko abanye abantu basenokungayinaki, becinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zinokuba nzima kancinci kancinci.
Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwinyanga emva kokulunywa yingcongconi. Nangona kunjalo, okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu banokuhlala unyaka wonke bengenazo iimpawu baze ngequbuliso bahlaselwe sesi sifo.
Itheyibhile engezantsi iza kukunceda uqonde ezi mpawu ngcono.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso encinci ngaloo nto |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola | Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ngequbuliso, umzimba uba shushu kakhulu kwaye ube nomkhuhlane. Kwangaxeshanye, umzimba uba bandayo ngendlela enganyamezelekiyo kwaye uqala ukungcangcazela. Nokuba uzisonga ngezembe, umkhuhlane awupheli. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomzimba obuhlungu | Intloko yam ibuhlungu kakhulu. Izihlunu zam kunye namalungu am nawo abuhlungu kakhulu. Ndivakalelwa kukuba bendisebenza nzima kangangeentsuku. |
| Ukudinwa | Ndivakalelwa kukuba andinakwenza nto. Ndisoloko ndilele kwaye umzimba wam uziva ungenabomi. |
| Ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu | Kuvakala ngathi isisu sakho siyajika, kwaye ufuna ukuhlanza. Abanye abantu basenokuba nesisu esikhululekileyo. |
| Ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu (i-Jaundice) | Amhlophe emehlweni naselusu aqala ukuba tyheli. Oku kubonisa ukuba isibindi siyachaphazeleka. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Njengoko isifo siba sibi kakhulu, kunokuba nzima ukuphefumla. |
| Utshintsho kumbala womchamo | Umchamo unokuba mnyama, ngamanye amaxesha ube negazi. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Le yimeko enzulu kakhulu. Xa esi sifo sichaphazela ingqondo, iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula zinokwenzeka. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ukhe waya kwilizwe apho imalariya ixhaphakileyo kwaye unezinye zezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko , endaweni yokucinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo.
Esi sifo semalariya singena njani emizimbeni yethu?
Oku kubangelwa yiparasite ebizwa ngokuba yiPlasmodium. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu ezinokosulela abantu. Kwezi, iPlasmodium falciparum kunye nePlasmodium vivax zezona zixhaphakileyo. Ingakumbi iP. falciparum inokubangela ukugula kakhulu.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokudluliselwa kwesi sifo kukulunywa ziingcongconi. Khawuthelekelele, ingcongconi iluma umntu onesifo semalariya. Emva koko ezinye zezo ngcongconi zingena emzimbeni wengcongconi. Emva koko xa loo ngcongconi iluma umntu ophilileyo, ezinye zezo ngcongconi zingena emzimbeni waloo mntu. Umjikelo ugqityiwe.
Ukongeza ekulunyweni ziingcongconi, inokudluliselwa ngezinye iindlela, ngokungaqhelekanga.
- Ukudluliselwa komntwana ngumama okhulelweyo.
- Utofelo-gazi.
- Ukunikezelwa kwamalungu omzimba avela kumntu osulelekileyo.
- Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi basebenzisa iinaliti ezifanayo zokujova.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona nabani na enokufumana imalariya, abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani kule theyibhile ingezantsi.
| Udidi lomngcipheko | Kutheni umngcipheko uphezulu? |
|---|---|
| Abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala | Ngenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba awakakhuli ngokupheleleyo, banengxaki yokulwa nesi sifo, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ngokukhawuleza. |
| Oomama abakhulelweyo | Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, amajoni omzimba kamama ayancipha kancinci ngokwendalo. Ukuba kuvela imalariya, inokuchaphazela umama kunye nomntwana ongekazalwa. |
| Abantu abanamandla aphantsi okuzikhusela komzimba | Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, umhlaza, okanye abo bathatha amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela bakweli candelo. |
| Abakhenkethi abaya kwiindawo ezithandwa yimalariya | Abantu abahlala kwezo ndawo bakhula amandla okuzikhusela komzimba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sinokuba nzima ngakumbi kumntu omtsha, njengoko i-parasite ingaqhelwanga ngumzimba. |
Ngawaphi amazwe asengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seengcongconi?
I-Malaria ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe anemozulu eshushu nefumileyo.
- Amazwe aseAfrika
- Amazwe aseMbindini naseMzantsi Melika
- Iziqithi zaseCaribbean (ezifana neHaiti, iDominican Republic)
- Amanye amazwe eMzantsi naseMzantsi-mpuma Asia
- Ezinye iziqithi kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki
Iingxaki ezinzulu ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa
I-Malaria ayisosifo sokudlala ngaso. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kakhulu. Ezi zinokuba yingozi nakubomi.
- I-Cerebral Malaria: Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezizaliswe ziiparasite ze-malaria zivala imithambo yegazi emincinci ehambisa igazi engqondweni. Oku kunokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo, ukuxhuzula, i-coma, kwanokufa.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba: Amalungu abalulekileyo anjengezintso, isibindi kunye ne-spleen angonakala aze aphelelwe ngumsebenzi wawo.
- I-Anemia Eqatha: Ngenxa yokuba i-parasite itshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, inani legazi emzimbeni linokuncipha ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia enzima.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ulwelo lunokuqokelelwa emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani imalariya?
Emva kokubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye neendawo osandul’ ukuya kuzo, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
Oku kuquka ukuthabatha ithontsi elincinci legazi emnweni wakho uze ulihlole phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kuya kukubonisa ukuba ngaba kukho iiparasite zemalariya egazini lakho, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo. Olu vavanyo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokugqiba ngonyango olungcono kuwe.
Ngoko ke, xa usiya kugqirha, qiniseka ukuba umchazela ngayo yonke ilizwe kunye nemimandla oyityeleleyo kunyaka ophelileyo . Olu lwazi lunokukunceda usindise ubomi bakho.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lwemalariya?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba imalariya sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo , kodwa unyango kufuneka luqale kwangethuba.
Unyango lusetyenziswa ngamayeza okulwa nemalariya. Uhlobo lwamayeza owanikwayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo:
- Apho usifumene khona esi sifo: Iintsholongwane zemalariya kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi azinamayeza, ngoko ke amayeza aya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo oye kuyo.
- Uhlobo lwe-parasite osulelwe yiyo: Unyango lunokwahluka kuhlobo olubi kakhulu, olufana ne-'P. falciparum'.
- Ubunzima bemeko yakho: Ukuba imeko inzima, kunokufuneka unikwe amayeza e-intravenous (IV) kwaye unyangwe esibhedlele.
- Nokuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa.
- iminyaka yakho.
Ezi zezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo:
- I-Artemether-lumefantrine
- I-Atovaquone-proguanil
- I-Chloroquine okanye i-hydroxychloroquine
- I-Doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline ) , i-tetracycline okanye i-clindamycin
- I-Mefloquine
- I-Quinine
- I-Primaquine
- I-Tafenoquine
Unganikwa elinye okanye indibaniselwano yala mayeza. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, lonke ixesha lekhosi. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza phakathi kuba nje uzive ungcono. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane ziphinde zivele.
Ungazikhusela njani kwi-malaria?
Bathi, “Kungcono ukuthintela isifo kunokusinyanga.” Oku kuyasebenza nakwimalariya. Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile kwimalariya.
| Indlela yokuthintela | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Amayeza okuthintela | Ngaphambi kokuba uye kwilizwe apho i-malaria ixhaphakileyo khona, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha. Uza kukunika amayeza akhethekileyo omawuwathathe ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kohambo lwakho. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokufumana esi sifo. |
| Ukhuseleko ekulunyweni ziingcongconi | Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Sebenzisa isitshizi sezinambuzane esine-DEET. Nxiba impahla ende, epheleleyo xa uphuma ngokuhlwa nasebusuku. Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa inethi yokuthintela iingcongconi xa ulele. |
| Ukugonywa | Ugonyo lwemalariya ngoku luyafumaneka. Okwangoku lucetyiswa kubantwana abancinci abahlala kwiindawo apho imalariya ixhaphakileyo khona. Okwangoku alukhuthazwa kubahambi. |
Nangona imalariya sisifo esibi kakhulu, kukho iindlela zokuzikhusela kuso. Ukuba sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba, sinokuphila ngokupheleleyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzikhusela ekulunyweni ziingcongconi. Ukuba uya kwilizwe apho imalariya ixhaphake khona, bona ugqirha kwiiveki ezimbalwa kwangaphambili ukuze ufumane icebiso elifunekayo kunye namayeza okuthintela. Kwakhona, ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kohambo, zityeshele kwaye ufune icebiso lonyango ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Malaria sisifo esibi esidluliselwa kukulunywa yingcongconi ephethe i-parasite ekhethekileyo.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukubanda, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwilizwe elithandwa yimalariya kwaye unomkhuhlane, cinga ukuba isenokuba yimalariya kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- I-malaria inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba.
- Xa uhamba, ungazikhusela kwesi sifo ngokusebenzisa inethi zeengcongconi, izinto zokugxotha iingcongconi, kunye nokuthatha amayeza okuthintela.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment