Ngaba uqala nokuthimla xa uchukumisa uthuli? Okanye xa ulunywa yimbovane okanye yingcongconi, indawo iba bomvu, idumbe, kwaye irhawuzelele ngendlela enganyamezelekiyo? Uninzi lwethu luye lwaba namava afanayo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomdlali obalulekileyo onoxanduva lwale mpendulo eyenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu ngamaxesha anje. Loo nto yi "Mast Cells ".
Ngamafutshane, ngoobani la mast cells?
Iiseli ze-mast ngamajoni akhethekileyo kwinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela. Njengokuba ilizwe lethu linomkhosi wokulikhusela, umzimba wethu ukwanenkqubo yokuzikhusela yokulikhusela. Ezi seli ze-mast zingabalindi kuloo nkqubo, zihlala ziphaphile.
Ezi seli ziveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo. Emva koko zihamba egazini zize zihlale kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu. Kulapho umsebenzi wazo uqala khona. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukusikhusela kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi mast cells ziba negalelo elikhulu. Kulapho ke iingxaki ziqala khona. Zinokubangela impendulo enkulu nakwizinto ezingenabungozi ezifana neencukuthu zothuli okanye ukutya. Ezi meko sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-allergies' okanye 'i-allergic asthma'. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, umsebenzi wezi mast cells unokubangela i-allergy enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis, enokuba yingozi ebomini.
Zisebenza njani ezi mast cells? Masiqonde le 'nkqubo ye-alamu'!
Cinga ngomzimba wakho njengenqaba enkulu. Iiseli zeMast zifana nenkqubo yesilumkiso efakwe kuyo yonke indawo eludongeni lwaloo nqaba. Le nkqubo yesilumkiso isoloko ikulungele ukukhusela umzimba kwiintshaba zangaphandle, oko kukuthi, iintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, kunye neetyhefu ezifana netyhefu yenyoka kunye netyhefu ye-wasp.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ii-mast cells aziyi ngqo ukulwa neentsholongwane. Into eziyenzayo "kukubeka i-alamu" xa kufika utshaba luze luthumele umyalezo kulo lonke inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (ezinye ii-white blood cells).
Makhe sijonge indlela eyenzeka ngayo le nkqubo ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe:
1. Ukuchonga utshaba: Okokuqala, xa intsholongwane entsha okanye i-allergen ingena emzimbeni wakho, inxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebizwa ngokuba zii-B-cells iyayiqonda.
2. Ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo: Emva kokuqaphela utshaba, ii-B-cells ziqala ukuvelisa uhlobo lwe-antibody oluhambelana nolo tshaba. Ezi antibodies zibizwa ngokuba yi -immunoglobulin E (IgE) .
3. Ukuxhobisa abalindi ngezixhobo:Ezi antibodies ze-IgE ezenziweyo ziyanamathela kumphezulu weeseli zemast, amaqhawe ebali lethu. Kufana nokunika umlindi isixhobo.
4. I-alamu iyakhala: Ngoku ii-mast cells ziphaphile kakhulu ngezixhobo zazo ze-IgE. Ngexesha elizayo xa utshaba olufanayo (oko kukuthi, intsholongwane efanayo okanye i-allergen) lungena emzimbeni kwakhona, luya kubanjwa yi-IgE enamathele kwii-mast cells. Kulapho ke ii-mast cells ``zisebenza''.
5. Uhlaselo lweHistamine: Xa lusebenza, ii-mast cells zikhupha inani elikhulu leekhemikhali ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kuzo ngaxeshanye. Eyona khemikhali ibalulekileyo kwezi yihistamine .
Makhe sijonge okwenzekayo emizimbeni yethu xa kukhutshwa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine.
| Kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa ye-histamine? | Isiphumo (indlela oziva ngayo) |
|---|---|
| Iyandisa imithambo yegazi, ivumela iiseli zomzimba ukuba zifikelele lula kuloo ndawo. | Ubomvu besikhumba, ubushushu kunye nokudumba kwendawo. |
| Iyandisa imveliso ye-mucus. | Impumlo egobhozayo , ukuthimla, ukukhohlela. |
| Ibangela ukuba izihlunu ezithambileyo kwindlela yokuphefumla kunye nendlela yokugaya ukutya zifinyele. | Ubunzima bokuphefumla (njenge-asthma), isisu esibuhlungu, ukuhlanza, okanye urhudo. |
| Ivuselela iziphelo zemithambo-luvo. | Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo, ukurhawuzelela (ii-hives). |
Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa sine-allergy, akunjalo? Nangona konke oku kwenzelwa ukusikhusela, ngamanye amaxesha le mpendulo iba qatha kakhulu.
Ziphi emzimbeni apho ezi mast cells zininzi khona?
Aba balindi babekwe kakhulu kwiingcango eziphambili apho iintsholongwane kunye nezinto ezibangela i-allergens ezivela kwindawo engaphandle zingena khona kuthi. Oko kukuthi:
- Indlela yokuphefumla kunye nemiphunga: Zikhusele kwizinto eziza nomoya esiwuphefumlayo.
- Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya (i-GI tract): Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane eziza nezinto esizityayo nesiziselayo.
- Ulusu: Zikhusele kwizinto ezingena ngomphezulu wolusu.
- Ezi seli zikwafumaneka zijikeleze imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo .
Ziziphi izifo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene neeseli zemast?
Xa iiseli zemast zingasebenzi kakuhle, izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka. Ezinye zazo ziqhelekile kwaye zaziwa kakhulu.
| Imeko yezonyango | Intshayelelo emfutshane |
|---|---|
| Iimeko eziqhelekileyo |
|
| Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga |
Qaphela ezi mpawu.
Iimpawu zesifo se-mast cell zingabandakanya:
- Ulusu lubomvu, lurhawuzelelwa, luvakalelwa kukufudumala.
- Ukudumba (ukudumba) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Iimpendulo eziqatha ze-allergy (i-anaphylaxis).
Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu rhoqo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso kunokuba uzinyange.
Ugqirha uzixilonga njani ezi meko? Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unesifo se-mast cell ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi
- Uvavanyo lomchamo
- Uvavanyo lolusu olubangelwa kukwaliwa komzimba
- Ngamanye amaxesha kuthathwa isampulu encinci yomongo wethambo okanye ulusu ukuze kuvavanywe (i-'biopsy').
Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ukusuka kwisigulana ukuya kwisigulana kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemeko. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lungabandakanya:
- Ukuphepha izinto ezibangela i-allergy: Ukuchonga izinto ezibangela i-allergy kwaye uhlale kude nazo.
- Amayeza: Amayeza anikwa ukulawula iimpawu. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-antihistamines kunye ne-montelukast.
- Iziqinisi zeeseli zeMast: La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine kwiiseli zemast.
- Amayeza angxamisekileyo: Amayeza afana ne-epinephrine kwi-anaphylaxis enzima.
Khumbula, zonke ezi ndlela zonyango zigqitywa ngugqirha okuxilongayo. Ngoko ke, landela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.
Okokugqibela, ngaba iiseli zemast zilungile okanye zimbi?
Uninzi lwabantu luva kuphela ngee-mast cells xa zinengxaki efana ne-allergy, ngoko ke banokucinga ukuba zimbi. Kodwa eneneni, ii-mast cells ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo nebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu.
Uninzi lwexesha, zisikhusela kwizifo nakwiintsholongwane. Xa zinomdla kakhulu apho sifumana khona ii-allergies. Njengeqela labalindi abanomdla kakhulu abatshisa yonke ilali ukuze babambe isela elincinci.
Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa uthimla okanye uzikrwempa, bulela ngokusuka entliziyweni la mast cells mancinci. Kuba asebenza nzima ukukukhusela!
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli zeMast luhlobo olubalulekileyo lweeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba esikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
- Iimeko ezinje nge-allergies, i-asthma, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu kwenzeka xa ezi mast cells zisabela ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezingenabungozi kwaye zikhuphe iikhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokunganyamezelani rhoqo okanye ezinzima (ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukudumba kobuso), musa ukuzibetha ngoyaba.
- Kwimeko enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisana nogqirha ofanelekileyo kwaye ufumane iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango, endaweni yokwenza izigqibo ngokwakho.
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