Ngaba nawe uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ziintoni iiMast Cells? Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula!

Usenokuba awukaze uve ngegama elithi 'iiMast Cells' ngaphambili, akunjalo? Kodwa ezi luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli ezikhusela imizimba yethu. Njengabalindi abancinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha xa aba balindi bevuya kakhulu, singena engxakini. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, malunga nokuba zezi mast cells ziyintoni, indlela ezisebenza ngayo emizimbeni yethu, kunye neemeko ezinokubangela.

Zithini iiMast Cells?

Ngamafutshane, ii-mast cells ngamajoni akhethekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela . Zenziwa kumongo wethu wethambo . Emva koko zihamba ngegazi lethu zize zihlale kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wonke. Njengabalindi ababekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe, ezi mast cells zibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu, zilungele ukusikhusela kwiingozi zangaphandle. Zinokulwa nezifo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zincede ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwamalungu omzimba wethu.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi mast cells ziba zikhusela kakhulu zize ziqale ukusabela kwizinto ezingenabungozi kuthi. Ukuba une-allergies yexesha elithile okanye i-allergic asthma, esinye sezizathu zoku kungenxa yomsebenzi we-mast cell. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukusebenza kwe-mast cell kunokubangela ne-allergy ekhawulezileyo, enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis . Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Zenza ntoni ii-mast cells emizimbeni yethu?

Iiseli zeMast zisebenza njenge 'nkqubo yesilumkiso' yomzimba wethu. Zikhusela imizimba yethu kubahlaseli bangaphandle, njengeentsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane , iibhaktheriya kunye neeparasites , kunye neetyhefu ezifana netyhefu yenyoka kunye netyhefu yeenyosi. Zikwalwa nayo nantoni na ezicinga ukuba iyingozi, nokuba ayisiyongozi. Kulapho ke sifumana khona ii-allergy .

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli zemast azitshabalalisi ngokuthe ngqo iintsholongwane. Endaweni yoko, zihlala zilindile ngaphakathi kwizicubu zethu, zilinde umqondiso wokuba kukho into enobungozi engene emzimbeni.

Zisebenza njani ii-mast cells?

Khawucinge ngento ongayithandiyo, umzekelo, isuntswana lothuli, ipollen, okanye ukutya okubangela i-aleji, kungena emzimbeni wakho. Olunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, olubizwa ngokuba zii-B cells, luyayiqonda le ntsholongwane. Nje ukuba bayiqonde, baqala ukwenza iiproteni ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies, ukulwa nayo. Ii-antibodies ezithile eziveliswa ngeli xesha zibizwa ngokuba yi -Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Ukutsho.

Ezi antibodies ze-IgE zihamba ngokukhawuleza ziye kwaye zinamathele kwii-receptors ezithile kumphezulu weeseli ze-mast, njenge-cat's claw. Ngexesha elizayo xa uhlaseli ofanayo (umz. i-pollen, uthuli) ephinda angene emzimbeni, i-IgE kwiiseli ze-mast iya kuyibamba.

Kulapho ke ii-mast cells "zisebenza khona." Kufana ne-alamu yomlilo ekhalayo.

Xa ii-mast cells zisebenza ngale ndlela, ngequbuliso zikhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezininzi ezigcinwe kwiingxowa ezincinci (ii-granules zokugcina) ngaphakathi kwezo seli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-degranulation .

Zii-histamines kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezibangela iimpawu zokunganyamezelani. Ezi ziquka:

• Imithambo yethu yegazi iyavuleka, kwaye ulwelo luqokelelana kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba . Oku kuvumela iiseli zomzimba ukuba zikhawuleze ziye kwindawo yosulelo, zithwale abahlaseli ziye kwiindawo ze-lymph ukuze bazitshabalalise.
• Imveliso ye-mucus (phlegm) iyanda.
• Izihlunu ezigudileyo kwindlela yethu yokuphefumla kunye nenkqubo yesisu (amathumbu) ziyafinyela zize zizame ukutyhala izinto eziyingozi ngentshukumo efana namaza (peristalsis).

Ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuba ulusu lwakho lube bomvu, ludumbe, kwaye lurhawuzelele. Usenokuba nempumlo egobhozayo, uthimle, okanye ukhohlele. Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba norhudo okanye ukuhlanza. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, le nkqubo inokubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zidumbe, zenze kube nzima ukuphefumla, kwaye ibangele ukwehla okuyingozi koxinzelelo lwegazi, okunokukhokelela kwi -anaphylaxis enzima, imeko esongela ubomi.

Iiseli zeMast kunye ne-homeostasis

Ukongeza ekubangeleni i-allergies, ii-mast cells zinceda ukulinganisela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi, ukugcina imeko 'ye-homeostasis' . Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukukhula kwamathambo.
• Ukukhula nokulungiswa kweeseli zendlela yokuphefumla.

Ziphi iiseli zemast emzimbeni wethu?

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli zemast zimbalwa kakhulu egazini lethu. Uninzi lwexesha, sichaphazeleka yinto enobungozi ngokuyiphefumla, ngokuyitya, okanye ngenxeba lolusu. Yiyo loo nto iiseli zemast zifumaneka rhoqo kwi:

• Kwimiphunga yethu yokuphefumla .
• Inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya (indlela ye-GI) (isisu, amathumbu).

Ukongeza, ezi seli zemast zikwafumaneka zijikeleze imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo yethu.

Zithini iindawo zeseli ye-mast?

Ukuba uthatha iseli ye-mast, ine -nucleus embindini, "ingqondo" yeseli. Ijikeleze le nucleus kukho amakhulu ezakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neengxowa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-granules .Kungaphakathi kwezi granules apho kugcinwa khona ii-chemical messengers (mediators) . Ezi zithunywa zezona zithumela imiqondiso emzimbeni ukuba iphendule xa into enobungozi idibana nayo. Ezinye zezona ziphambili phakathi kwezi khemikhali zezi:

• I-Histamine: Sele sithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Iyandisa imithambo yegazi, ivumela ulwelo kunye neeseli zomzimba ukuba zingene kwizicubu. Ikwanciphisa iindlela zomoya kunye nendlela yokugaya ukutya, ivelise i-mucus ukunceda ekukhupheni iintsholongwane.
• Iiprotease: (Imizekelo: i-tryptase, i-chymase, i-carboxypeptidase A). Iiprotease luhlobo lwe-enzyme ephula iiproteni. Zinceda ekuphuleni izicubu ezinxibelelanayo, nto leyo evumela iiseli zomzimba ukuba zifikelele lula kuloo ndawo.
• IiCytokines/chemokines: Ezi ziiproteni ezincinci ezibonisa ukuba ezinye iiseli zomzimba zenze iikopi zazo ezingaphezulu, zenze imithambo yegazi "inamathele" ukuze iiseli zomzimba zomzimba zikwazi ukuthuthwa ziye kwizicubu, kwaye ziqokelele iiseli ukuze zicoce kwaye zilungise iindawo ezonakeleyo.
• IHeparin: Oku kuthintela igazi ukuba lingaqini, ngoko ke kunceda ukugcina imithambo yegazi ivulekile.

Ii-receptors zeseli zeMast

Iiseli zeMast zinee -receptor ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu wazo. Ezi ziiproteni ezimile ngokukodwa. Njengesitshixo esingena kwisitshixo, ezi receptors zisebenzisana nezinye iiproteni zokubonisa ukuze zisebenze iiseli zemast.

Kwezi, i-IgE receptor, esixoxe ngayo ngaphambili, yeyona yaziwayo. Ukongeza, ii-mast cells zikwanazo nee-receptors zezinye iintlobo zee-antibodies (umz., i-Immunoglobulin G / IgG) kunye nokuqaphela ngokuthe ngqo ii-pathogens (umz., ii-Toll-like receptors).

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene neeseli zemast?

Ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo esizibonayo ezinxulumene neeseli zemast zezi:

• Ukunganyamezelani nezinto ezisingqongileyo (umz., uthuli, impova, i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya)
• Isifuba
• Ukunganyamezelani nokutya
• Iibhuleki zobushushu/ iiHives

Izifo ezingaqhelekanga zeeseli zemast

Ukongeza, kukho iimeko ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene neeseli zemast:

• Isifo sokusebenza kweseli yeMast (MCAS): Esi sisifo apho, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, iimpawu ze-allergy okanye i-anaphylaxis ziphindaphindayo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukwanda okukhulu kwenani leeseli zemast emzimbeni (iMastocytosis).
• I-alpha-tryptasemia yelifa / i-hypertryptasemia yosapho:Le yimeko yemfuza eyenzeka xa umzimba unezinga eliphezulu le-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-tryptase, eveliswa zii-mast cells. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abanale meko yemfuza ababi nazimpawu.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-mast cell?

I-Histamine ekhutshwa kwisifo se-mast cell ingabangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu, ukuba bomvu, okanye ukurhawuzelela.
• Ukudumba (ukudumba) .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• I-anaphylaxis ephindaphindayo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ezi meko?

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unesifo se-mast cell, angenza uvavanyo olufana nolu ukuze abone ukuba ii-mast cells zakho ziyasebenza na:

• Uvavanyo lomchamo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lomongo wethambo.
• Uvavanyo lolusu.

Ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lwesikhumba lwe-allergy okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze abone izinto ezibangela oku. Ngamanye amaxesha ilebhu ingenza uvavanyo lwe-genetic ukuze ibone ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa yimeko yelifa.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lwesifo se-mast cell luxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nokuba yintoni ebangela ezo mpawu. Unyango lungabandakanya:

• Ukuphepha izinto ezaziwayo ezibangela ukuba umntu angabi namdla wokwaliwa zizinto ezithile .
• Amayeza okulawula iimpawu. Ezi zinokubandakanya ii-antihistamines , izinto zokunciphisa i-asidi, kunye namayeza okuguqula i-leukotriene (umz., i-montelukast).
• Iziqinisi zeeseli zeMast. La mayeza athintela ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine kwiiseli zemast.
• Amayeza okunciphisa okanye okunyanga i-anaphylaxis. La aquka amayeza afana ne -epinephrine kunye ne -omalizumab .
• Unyango olusebenzisa i-cytoreductive/chemotherapy . Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-mastocytosis, ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa amayeza e-chemotherapy adla ngokusetyenziswa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.

Ngoko ke, ngaba iiseli zemast zilungile okanye zimbi?

Uninzi lwabantu luva kuphela ngee-mast cells xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kuzo, ngoko ungacinga ukuba ii-mast cells zimbi. Kodwa eneneni, zinceda ekukhuseleni imizimba yethu kwiintsholongwane eziyingozi kwaye zilawula amalungu ethu omzimba. Ngoko ke, uninzi lwexesha, zilungile.

Khawuthelekelele, iisareni ziyakhala. Iqela lokhuseleko lifika kwindawo yesiganeko. Iiseli zakho zemast zivula i-alamu, kwaye inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ibaleka ukuze isindise usuku. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba. Kodwa sihlala sinikela ingqalelo kwiiseli zemast xa zinomdla kakhulu emsebenzini wazo. Kodwa zikwaqinisa ukhuselo lwethu kwaye zinceda ekulawuleni imithambo yegazi kunye namalungu ethu. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa uthimla, unempumlo egobhozayo, okanye uziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci, ungalibali ukubulela iiseli zakho zemast ngokuphaphama kwazo!

Izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule ngokufutshane

Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kuyo yonke le nto kukuba ii-mast cells zizinto ezincinci ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Zisikhusela kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neetyhefu ezivela ngaphandle. Kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha xa ziba nobuthathaka kakhulu, zinokusabela kwizinto ezingenabungozi, kwaye zisibangele iimeko ezifana ne-allergies.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokunganyamezelani rhoqo, ezinje ngolusu olurhawuzelelwayo, ukurhawuzelelwa, impumlo egobhozayo, ukuthimla, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso ngaphandle kokuyityeshela. Ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufumanekayo namhlanje olunokunceda ukulawula uninzi lwezi meko.

Iiseli zeMast , inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, i-allergy, i-histamine, i-anaphylaxis, umsebenzi weseli, iimpawu