Usenokuba uvile ukuba kukho unyango olutsha noluphucukileyo lwezifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha usenokuthi, "Kukho iyeza elikhethekileyo loku elisebenzisa amasosha omzimba ethu." Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngonyango oluye lwenza inkqubela enkulu kwezonyango. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-monoclonal antibodies. Nangona igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, ibali lilula kakhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le.
Zithini ezi monoclonal antibodies?
Ngamafutshane, ezi ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo nee-antibodies eziveliswa yimizimba yethu ngokwendalo.
Khawucinge nje, imizimba yethu ifana nelizwe. Kukho umkhosi okhusela eli lizwe. Loo mkhosi yinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela . Iintsholongwane kunye nezinto ezibangela izifo (esizibiza ngokuba zii -antigens ) ezivela ngaphandle zifana neentshaba eziza kwilizwe lethu. Ezi antibodies ngamajoni akhethekileyo kumkhosi wethu. Umsebenzi wazo kukufumana, ukubamba, nokutshabalalisa ezi ntshaba.
Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona izinto ezifana neeseli zomhlaza zikhula emizimbeni yethu, amajoni ethu omzimba awakwazi ukuzibona. Kulapho ke sifuna khona uncedo lwangaphandle.
Ii-antibodies ze-Monoclonal , ukuyibeka ngokulula, zifana namajoni aqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, akrelekrele kakhulu, aqokelelweyo enziwe kwilebhu. Igama elithi "Mono" lithetha "inye." Igama elithi "Clonal" lithetha "ikopi." Oko kukuthi, i-antibody enye ekrelekrele kakhulu iyakhethwa kwaye izigidi zeekopi zayo zenziwe kwilebhu. Lo mkhosi wee-antibodies emva koko ufakwa emizimbeni yethu njengeyeza. Ziya ngqo kwiiseli ezibangela isifo (umz., iiseli zomhlaza), zinamathele kuzo, kwaye zincede inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba izitshabalalise.
Ukuba igama lolu hlobo lweyeza olinikiweyo linoonobumba abathathu "mab" ekupheleni (umz. iTrastuzumab, iRituximab), oko kuthetha ukuba yiMonoclonal Antibody.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-monoclonal kunye ne-polyclonal?
Oku kulula kakhulu.
- I-Monoclonal: Oku kufana ne-sniper. Kukho ithagethi enye kuphela. La ma-antibodies enzelwe ukunamathela kwi- antigen enye kuphela. Ke ngoko, acacile kakhulu kwaye awayi kuphoswa yithagethi.
- I-Polyclonal: Igama elithi "Poly" lithetha "ezininzi." Ezi ziingqokelela zee-antibodies ezahlukeneyo. Njengomkhosi onezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zinokuhlasela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antigens .
Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango kuba zijoliswe ngokukodwa.
Zisetyenziselwa ntoni ezi zinto?
Le ndlela yonyango ngoku isetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi. Ukususela kuphando ukuya ekunyangeni izifo.
| Indawo yokusetyenziswa | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuxilongwa | Isetyenziswa kwiilabhoratri ukuchonga into ethile. Umzekelo, ikhithi yovavanyo lokukhulelwa oyisebenzisayo ekhaya ikwasebenza nale teknoloji. |
| Ukwahlulwa kwezicubu kunye negazi | Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba izicubu zomnikeli kunye nommkeli ziyahambelana na ngexesha lokufakelwa ilungu. |
| Ukunyanga izifo | Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi, ezinje ngomhlaza kunye nesifo samathambo. |
Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa ngama-antibodies e-monoclonal?
Le ndlela yonyango ngoku isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwizifo ezininzi. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- Umhlaza: Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezifana nomhlaza webele, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kunye nomhlaza wegazi.
- Ukuthintela ukungamkeleki kokufakelwa amalungu omzimba: Nqanda umzimba ukuba ungamkeli ilungu elifakelweyo (njengezintso, isibindi).
- Iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba: Kwizifo apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela iiseli zawo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis kunye nesifo sikaCrohn.
- Ii-Allergy: Kwi-asthma enzima kunye nezinye ii-allergies.
- Izifo: Zikwasetyenziswa ukunyanga ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, ezifana ne-COVID-19.
- I-Osteoporosis
- Iimeko zamehlo
- Iintloko ezibuhlungu
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
Lunikwa njani unyango?
Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa njengolwelo olufana netyuwa emthanjeni (ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi okanye nge-IV). Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa kwiyunithi ekhethekileyo (iziko lokufakwa) esibhedlele okanye eklinikhi. Abanye abantu abaninzi banokufumana unyango apho ngexesha elifanayo nawe xa unyangwa.
Ukuba le yinyanga yakho yokuqala ufumana olu nyango, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uze nelungu losapho lwakho ukuze bafunde ngonyango kunye nento omawuyilindele emva koko. Ngexesha lonyango lokuqala, abasebenzi bezonyango baya kukujonga ngononophelo ukuze babone ukuba unayo na nayiphi na i-allergy enzulu.
Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ezinye ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zinikwe njengenaliti engaphantsi kwesikhumba. Ukuba kunjalo, uya kufundiswa indlela yokuzinika inaliti.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolu nyango?
Ewe, la majoni "aqokelelweyo" anokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili.
| Uhlobo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ii-Antibodies ze-Naked Monoclonal | La majoni asebenza ewodwa. Aya ngqo kwiseli yotshaba aze anike imiqondiso kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba iyitshabalalise. |
| Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal ezidityanisiweyo | La majoni awahambi odwa. Aphethe "ibhombu." Oko kukuthi, isuntswana elinomsakazo okanye iyeza lokulwa nomhlaza linamathele kule antibody. Ijoni liya ngqo kwiseli yotshaba lize liqhumise le bhombu. Emva koko umonakalo uye kwiseli yotshaba kuphela. |
| Ii-Antibodies ze-Bispecific Monoclonal | La ngamajoni anobuchule kakhulu. Kufana nokuba anezandla ezimbini. Xa ubamba iseli yotshaba ngesandla esinye, ubamba iseli evela kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ngesinye isandla uze uthi, "Nalu utshaba, hlasela." Zidibana ngqo. |
Ziziphi iingenelo zale ndlela yonyango?
- Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo: Olu lolona ncedo lukhulu. Ngokungafaniyo ne-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo, olu nyango alunamonakalo mkhulu kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Ngenxa yokuba luhlasela kuphela umntu olujoliswe kuye, zimbalwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
- Izinga lempumelelo ephezulu: Le ndlela yonyango ivelise iziphumo eziphumeleleyo kakhulu kwizifo ezifana neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
- Umgangatho: Ngenxa yokuba yenziwe kwilebhu, lonke iqela lamayeza eliveliswayo likumgangatho ofanayo.
- Imveliso enkulu: Ezi ngoku zinokuveliswa ngobuninzi.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi okanye iingxaki ngolu nyango?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela yonke into.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazisa abasebenzi bezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha okanye emva kolu nyango.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Iimpendulo zokufakwa kweyeza: Ezi zinokwenzeka ngexesha okanye emva nje kokuba iyeza lifakwe emthanjeni. Ezi azisoloko ziyingozi.
- Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
- Ifiva
- Ukungcangcazela ngenxa yokubanda
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukubila
- Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi
- Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo
Ukuba kwenzeka into efana nale, ingalawulwa ngokunciphisa isantya sokunikezelwa kwamayeza okanye ukuyiyeka okwethutyana.
- Iimpendulo eziqatha ngakumbi (kodwa azibonakali rhoqo):
- I-Acute Anaphylaxis: Le yi-allergy enzima eyenzeka ngequbuliso kwaye inokuba yingozi kubomi. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ijongwe ngononophelo xa uqala ukunika unyango.
- I-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Le yimeko apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza kakhulu ize ibangele "isiphepho." Oku kungonakalisa amalungu omzimba.
- Isifo se-serum: Okwenzekayo koku kukuba umzimba wethu uqala ukuhlasela iproteni (i-antibody) eyanikwa njengonyango.
Eminye imingcipheko inokuba yeyodwa kwisifo esinyangwayo. Umzekelo, i-tumor lysis syndrome kunyango lomhlaza.Oku kunokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"hypertension." Oku kuthetha ukuba xa iiseli zomhlaza zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, izintso azikwazi ukumelana nenkunkuma eziyenzayo.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?
Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze iyeza linikwe ngemithambo lingahluka. Umzekelo, kwezinye iindlela zonyango lwe-COVID-19, iyeza linikwa malunga neyure, lilandelwe malunga neyure yokujonga.
Yiyo loo nto kufuneka uze nelungu losapho ngosuku lokuqala. Ukuba akukho miphumo emibi, ungeza wedwa kunyango olulandelayo. Ukuba awudiniwe emva konyango, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungaqhubeka na nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo (emsebenzini, esikolweni). Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ngaba kufuneka ndithethe nogqirha ngale nto?
Ewe ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Ukuba sele ufumana unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody kwaye ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana neempendulo esizixubushileyo ngaphambili), fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU).
- Ukuba unemeko echongiweyo njengonyango olunokwenzeka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba olu nyango lwe-monoclonal antibody lukulungele na. Uza kuvavanya imeko yakho, achaze izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, aze achaze ukuba ikulungele na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal lunyango olukhethekileyo olusebenzisa iikopi zee-antibodies zethu, ezenziwe kwilebhu.
- Ezi "ziindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo" ngoko ke akukho monakalo mkhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
- Ezi ngoku zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ekunyangeni izifo ezininzi ezinzulu, ezinje ngomhlaza, isifo samathambo kunye ne-allergies.
- Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa njengesicombululo setyuwa emthanjeni. Ezinye iimpendulo zinokwenzeka ngexesha nasemva konyango.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxela ugqirha wakho naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ngoko nangoko.
- Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokugqiba ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na, ngoko xoxa naye ngayo yonke into.
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