Mhlawumbi kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Okanye ngaba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele kutshanje ukuba unee-polyps kwi-colon yakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa usiva into efana nale. Kodwa xa sisazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela oku, sinokuqonda indlela yokujongana nayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko yemfuza enokubangela ezi meko, kodwa engathethwa kangako ngayo kuluntu. Yiyo leyo iMAP.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iMAP (MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)?
I-MAP, okanye `(MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)` yimeko yemfuza engaqhelekanga kakhulu, ezuzwe njengelifa. Oku kwenzeka xa ukukhula okuncinci, okungaqhelekanga, okanye amaqhuqhuva, ekhula emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi kwindlela yokugaya ukutya. Ngokwezonyango, ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi`(Polyps)`.
Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Owu Thixo wam, ingaba ukuba neepolyps kuthetha umhlaza?" Hayi, ezi polyps azingomhlaza. Kodwa, into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ezinye zezi, ukuba asizinyangi kakuhle, ukuba asizisusi, zinethuba elikhulu lokuba zibe ngumhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ezi "Polyps" zinokwenzeka kakhulu emzimbeni womntu one-MAP:
- Ikholoni
- Ingxolo
- Ndibonise uthando
- Isisu
Ngaba ukuba neMAP kuyingozi yomhlaza?
Ewe, impendulo enyanisekileyo kulo mbuzo ithi "ewe." Umntu one-MAP usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal kunomntu oqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abafunyaniswa okokuqala bene-MAP sele benomhlaza we-colorectal.
Ezi cancer zihlala zibonakala phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-60. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvela kwangethuba. Kwakhona, ukongeza kumhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kukho umngcipheko othile wokuba nomhlaza we-duodenal kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
Kodwa ungoyiki oku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi umngcipheko kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo ukuze uwuthintele kwangethuba.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nale meko?
Ngokuqinisekileyo kunjalo. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Uninzi lwabantu abane-MAP banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obusempilweni nobupheleleyo. Kodwa kukho imfihlo enye kuloo nto. Oko kukubona iimpawu kwangethuba kwaye ufumane uvavanyo lomhlaza rhoqo.
Olu vavanyo lufumanisa kwaye lususa ii-polyps esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Ukwenza njalo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.
Zithini iimpawu zesimo se-MAP?
Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Akukho zimpawu onokuzibona okanye uzive ngaphandle, nto leyo eyenzeka kwiMAP kuphela. Nokuba une-polyps ezininzi esiswini sakho, usenokungaziva ntlungu okanye ukungakhululeki ngenxa yazo.
Ngoko ke, ukubakho kwe-`(Polyps)` kuphela akubonisi kakuhle ukuba une-MAP. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:
- Abantu abaninzi bane-polyps kodwa abanayo i-MAP. Ii-polyps nazo zinokuvela ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo.
- Kukho ezinye izifo zemfuza ezibangela `(iiPolyps)` ezifana neMAP. Umzekelo ngu `(iFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis - FAP)`.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umntu one-MAP efunyaniswa ukuba une-"polyp" enye emzimbeni wakhe, usenokungabi nayo nenye "i-polyp" emzimbeni wakhe.
Ngamafutshane, luvavanyo lwemfuza kuphela olunokuqinisekisa ukuba une-MAP, i-FAP, okanye enye imeko.
Kutheni le MAP idalwa? Idluliselwa njani kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?
I-MAP ibangelwa lutshintsho, okanye utshintsho oluthile, kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-'MUTYH' (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-MYH). Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengencwadi enkulu yeresiphi, kwaye ii-genes ziiresiphi ezikuyo. Ukuba unobumba omnye kwiresiphi ethi 'MUTYH' ayilunganga, imveliso eyivelisayo ayizukusebenza kakuhle. I-MAP injalo.
Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-"autosomal recessive." Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze ube nale meko, kufuneka uyizuze le gene inesiphako kumama nakutata wakho, oko kukuthi, kubazali bobabini.
Khawucinge ukuba ufumene esi jini sineengxaki kumntu omnye kuphela. Umzekelo, kumama wakho kuphela. Emva koko awuyi kuba nesifo se-MAP. Kodwa ubizwa ngokuba "ngumthwali we-MAP". Oku kuthetha ukuba une-jini eneengxaki, kodwa awunaso esi sifo. Ukuba ungumthwali, ungadlulisela esi jini komnye wabantwana bakho.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yabemi behlabathi ngabathwali be-MAP. Abathwali nabo banomngcipheko ophezulu kancinci wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kunabo bonke abantu, kodwa abakho phezulu njengomntu one-MAP.
Kwenzeka ntoni ebantwaneni ukuba bobabini abazali bangabathwali beMAP?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Ukuba bobabini abazali banesi sifo, kukho amathuba amathathu kumntwana ngamnye abanaye.
| Ithuba | Isiphumo |
|---|---|
| Ithuba eli-1 kwi-4 (25%) | Umntwana akazuzi nzala nayiphi na i-gene engalunganga. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana akanaso isifo se-MAP, kwaye akangomntu othwala esi sifo. |
| Amathuba ama-2 kwayi-4 (50%) | Umntwana unesifo . Oku kuthetha ukuba abanaso esi sifo, kodwa banokukwazi ukudlulisela esi sifuzo kubantwana babo kwixesha elizayo. |
| Ithuba eli-1 kwi-4 (25%) | Umntwana ufumana i-gene engalunganga kubazali bobabini. Lo mntwana uza kuba nesifo se-MAP . |
Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndineMAP?
Ukuxilongwa kwe-MAP kudla ngokwenziwa ngamanyathelo aliqela.
1. Imbali yezonyango zosapho: Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kubuza ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho. Oku kuquka nayiphi na imbali yomhlaza okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo kubazali bakho, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, kunye nabantakwenu.
2. Uvavanyo lweMfuzo: Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba kukho imeko yemfuza esekelwe kwimbali yosapho lwakho, unokukuthumela kuvavanyo lwemfuza. Olu vavanyo lunokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho utshintsho kwimfuza ye-'MUTYH' okanye ezinye iimeko zemfuza ezonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.
Ugqirha uya kucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezifo zemfuza ezifana neMAP okanye iFAP.
- Ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho lwakho aye anesifo somhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Omnye wabantakwenu okanye oodadewenu une-polyps ezininzi kumathumbu akhe, kodwa abazali bakhe abanazo (oku kuphakamisa ukurhanelwa kokuba abazali banokuba ngabathwali).
Ukuba uvavanyo lwemfuza luqinisekisa ukuba une-MAP okanye ungumthwali wesifo, ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngokweenkcukacha ngamanyathelo alandelayo kunye novavanyo ekufuneka ulwenze ukuze uzikhusele kumhlaza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwabelana ngolu lwazi nosapho lwakho lonke, kuba luya kubanceda ukuba bavavanywe ukuba bayafuna.
Unyango kunye nolawulo lwe-MAP
Okwangoku akukho "nyango" lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo olubangela i-MAP. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi kunye nonyango olunokusinceda sithintele umhlaza, okanye sifumanise kwaye sinyange umhlaza kwasekuqaleni.
Ukuba uneMAP, kunokufuneka wenze uvavanyo lomhlaza kwangethuba nangakumbi kunomntu oqhelekileyo.
| Uvavanyo loHlolo | Inkcazo kunye neengcebiso |
|---|---|
| I-Colonoscopy | Oku kuquka ukuhlola ingaphakathi lekholoni yakho kunye ne-rectum usebenzisa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana nokususa ii-polyps kwikholoni yakho. Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba uqale olu vavanyo uneminyaka engama-20 okanye eli-10 ngaphambi kweminyaka emncinci umntu kusapho lwakho afumene ngayo umhlaza wekholoni, nokuba yeyiphi na eza kuqala. |
| I-Endoscopy Ephezulu | Olu vavanyo luhlola isisu sakho kunye namathumbu amancinci angaphezulu ukuze kufunyanwe kwaye kususwe ii-polyps. Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba uqale olu vavanyo uneminyaka engama-25 ubudala. |
Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzazi xa ujongene nale meko
Ndingakuthintela oku ukuba kwenzeke ebantwaneni bam?
Akukho ndlela yokuthintela utshintsho kwi-MUTYH gene. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokuncedisa ekuzaleni ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana ozayo afumane i-MAP njengelifa. Umzekelo yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) eyenziwa ngokuchumisa i-in vitro (IVF). Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya umbungu ukuze ubone izifo zemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ufakwe kwisibeleko sikamama. Nangona kunjalo, esi sisigqibo esinzima kakhulu, ngokwemali nangokweemvakalelo. Ukuba unomdla koku, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha we-endocrinologist ofanelekileyo wokuzala.
Unokuhlala njani uqinile engqondweni?
Xa ufumanisa ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza, unokuziva uxhalabile, uloyiko, kwaye udandathekile. Oku kuqhelekile. Kodwa ungazami ukujongana nezi mvakalelo wedwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Thetha ngonyango kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza ayafumaneka.
Kwakhona, kungaluncedo kakhulu ukuba ungajoyina amaqela enkxaso apho unokuthetha nabantu abaye baba namava afanayo. Khumbula ukuba awuwedwa.
Kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba unesifo sofuzo esongeza umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza. Kodwa awuwedwa. Iqela lakho lezempilo, kuquka oogqirha, lilapha ukukunceda uthwale uxanduva lwempilo yakho. Ngeendlela zovavanyo eziphucukileyo zanamhlanje, umhlaza ungancitshiswa kakhulu kwaye ufunyanwe kwangethuba ukuba uyavela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-MAP yimeko yemfuza edluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Iyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Akukho zimpawu zithile zesi sifo. Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-MAP kukwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye iipolyps, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-MAP, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela umhlaza kukwenza uvavanyo rhoqo, olufana ne-colonoscopy kunye ne-endoscopy, njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisile.
- Ngokujonga nokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo unyango, ungaphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobusempilweni.
- Musa ukujongana noxinzelelo oluza nokuxilongwa ngolu hlobo wedwa. Funa uncedo lwezonyango nolwengqondo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
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