Ngaba umzimba wakho uziva ungenabomi? Ingaba yiMyasthenia Gravis (MG) leyo? Masithethe ngayo!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye ungenabomi njengoko imini iqhubeka? Ingakumbi xa amehlo akho evakalelwa kukuba ayavaleka, kwaye kunzima ukuthetha, ukutya, okanye nokuphakamisa ingalo okanye umlenze? Ezi zinto zinokuba ngaphezu kokudinwa nje. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeMyasthenia Gravis , okanye (MG) ngamafutshane, imeko enzima kancinci, kodwa inokulawulwa kakuhle ukuba ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo .

Yintoni iMyasthenia Gravis? Ngamafutshane...

I-Myasthenia gravis yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba . Yintoni? Kulula kakhulu. Sinenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela emizimbeni yethu. Ifana nomkhosi emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wawo kukusikhusela ngokulwa neentsholongwane nezifo ezivela ngaphandle. Kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha lo mkhosi wenza impazamo encinci. Ucinga ukuba neeseli eziphilileyo emizimbeni yethu ziintshaba. Emva koko uqala ukuhlasela ezo seli ziphilileyo. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kwi-myasthenia gravis.

Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu izihlunu zamathambo . Oko kukuthi, izihlunu ezinamathele emathanjeni ethu nezisinceda sishukume. Cinga ngako, uphakamisa isandla sakho, uqhwanyaze amehlo akho, uthetha, uhleka, utya, uhamba... Ezi zihlunu ziyanceda kuko konke oku. Kumntu one-myasthenia gravis, ezi zihlunu ziba buthathaka kwaye zingabi nabomi.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba obu buthathaka bemisipha buyanda xa usebenza kwaye usebenza, kwaye buyancipha xa uphumla kancinci . Nokuba uphilile xa uvuka kusasa, njengoko usuku luqhubeka kwaye wenza umsebenzi wakho, kancinci kancinci uyadinwa kwaye izihlunu zakho ziya zisiba buthathaka.

Esi sisifo esingapheliyo , oko kuthetha ukuba asipheli ngexesha elifutshane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo olunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo .

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?

Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Khawuthelekelele ubukele umdlalo wekhilikithi.

Imithambo-luvo yethu yiyo ebangela ukubetha. Ngabo bathumela imiyalezo kwizihlunu.

Izihlunu zethu zezona zibambayo. Zizo ezibamba umyalezo.

Indawo apho le miyalezo mibini itshintshiselana khona ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokudibanisa imisipha . Yindawo yokudlala leyo.

Ngoku, xa umthambo ufuna ukuthumela umyalezo kwisihlunu, umthambo ukhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine (le yibhola). Izihlunu zineendawo ezikhethekileyo zokubamba le acetylcholine, ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine receptors (le yiglavu yomgcini).

Njengokuba ibhola ibetha iglavu, izihlunu ziyafinyela, oko kukuthi, ziyasebenza, xa i-acetylcholine ihamba ize ibophelele kwezo receptors. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo.

Kodwa, okwenzekayo kumntu one-myasthenia gravis kukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esathetha ngayo ngaphambili itshabalalisa okanye ivale ezi acetylcholine receptors (iglavu ye-catcher) . Emva koko umyalezo (ibhola) ovela kwi-nerve awunakubanjwa ngokufanelekileyo yimisipha (umgcini). Utshintsho lwemiyalezo lwenzeka kancinci kakhulu, okanye alubikho konke konke. Yiyo loo nto izihlunu ziba buthathaka. Uyaqonda?

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-myasthenia gravis?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi:

• I-Autoimmune myasthenia: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, lubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo woku ungaziwa, kukholelwa ukuba lubangelwa kukuveliswa kweentlobo ezithile zee-antibodies .
• I-myasthenia yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Oku kwenzeka xa umntwana efumana ii-antibodies ezithile kumama one-myasthenia gravis ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Emva kokuzalwa, umntwana unokuba nokukhala okuthambileyo kancinci kwaye kube nzima ukumunca. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka okwethutyana kwaye kudla ngokuba ngcono emva kweenyanga ezintathu.
• I-Congenital myasthenia: Le ayisiyongxaki yokuzikhusela komzimba. Luhlobo olungaqhelekanga olubangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza .

Kukwakho neentlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-autoimmune myasthenia gravis:

1. I-Ocular myasthenia: Kule meko, izihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo neziphakamisa amehlo ziyabuthathaka. Iinkophe zinokuwa (i-ptosis) , okanye kunokuba nzima ukugcina amehlo evulekile. Abanye abantu banokubona izinto ezimbini (ukubona kabini). Rhoqo, uphawu lokuqala lwe-myasthenia bubuthathaka emehlweni . Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanolu hlobo lwe-ocular myasthenia kamva baya kuba nolunye uhlobo.

2. I-myasthenia eqhelekileyo: Kule meko, ukongeza kwimisipha yamehlo, imisipha yobuso, yentamo, yeengalo, yemilenze, neyomqala nayo iyabuthathaka. Kunokuba nzima ukuthetha, ukuginya ukutya, ukuphakamisa iingalo zakho, ukuvuka esitulweni, ukuhamba imigama emide, nokunyuka izinyuko.

Zithini iimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis?

Nangona iimpawu zingahluka, ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha kwiingalo, iminwe, imilenze, nentamo.
• Ndidinwe kakhulu (ndidiniwe) .
• Ijwabu eligobileyo (i-ptosis) .
• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ophindwe kabini .
• Ubunzima bokubonisa imbonakalo yobuso (njengokungakwazi ukuncuma kakuhle, ukwenza ubuso).
• Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuginya, okanye ukuhlafuna . Umzekelo, ilizwi lakho linokutshintsha kancinci njengoko uthetha, likwenze uvakale ngathi uthetha ngelizwi elingacacanga.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba .

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-myasthenia gravis zinokubonakala ngequbuliso. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, izihlunu zakho ziyabuthathaka xa usebenza, kwaye ziphinda zifumane amandla xa uphumle . Ubunzima bobu buthathaka bezihlunu buyahluka imihla ngemihla. Abantu abaninzi baziva bebhetele ekuqaleni kosuku kwaye babuthathaka kakhulu ekupheleni.

Kunqabile kakhulu, i-myasthenia gravis inokuchaphazela nezihlunu zenkqubo yokuphefumla . Oku kunokubangela ukuphefumla okufutshane okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla ezinzulu. Ukuba uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla, yingxamiseko. Kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Oku akwenzeki ngaxeshanye.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?

Nangona i-myasthenia gravis inokukhula nakweyiphi na iminyaka, idla ngokuxhaphaka kakhulu kwabasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala nakumadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala .

Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba unezinye izifo ezichaphazela amasosha omzimba (umz. i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus).
• Ukuba unesifo se-thyroid .

Ukuba sele une-myasthenia gravis, ezinye izinto zingenza iimpawu zakho zibe zimbi ngakumbi:

• Amanye amayeza e-malaria kunye neengxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo.
• Utyando .
• Usulelo .

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-thymus gland kunye ne-myasthenia gravis?

Abantu abaninzi abane-myasthenia gravis baneengxaki nge-thymus gland yabo . I-thymus gland sisitho esincinci esikwisifuba sethu esingaphezulu, ngaphantsi kwethambo lesifuba. Siyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic. Sisitho esenza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwaye sincede ekulweni nosulelo.

Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu abane-myasthenia gravis bane -thymic hyperplasia , imeko apho i-thymus gland isebenza kakhulu. Ukongeza, malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi uba neethumba kwi-thymus gland ebizwa ngokuba yi-thymomas . Ezi zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zibe yingozi. Kucingelwa ukuba ezi ngxaki kwi-thymus gland zinegalelo ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-myasthenia gravis?

Eyona iphambili yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -myasthenic crisis . Kule meko, izihlunu ezikuncedayo ukuphefumla ziba buthathaka kakhulu. Emva koko, unokufuna into efana nomatshini (i-respirator/mechanical ventilation) ukukunceda uphefumle. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini.Kuthiwa malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu abane-myasthenia gravis baya kuba nale meko ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo.

Ukongeza, obu buthathaka bemisipha kunye nokudinwa kunokukwenza ungabi yinxalenye yemisebenzi oyithandayo. Kunokubangela uxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba . Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abaninzi abane-myasthenia gravis banokwenza imisebenzi elula kunye nokuzilolonga yonke imihla.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-myasthenia gravis?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela oku emva kokumamela iimpawu zakho nokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa oko:

• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody yegazi: Malunga nama-85% abantu abane-myasthenia gravis banezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-acetylcholine receptor antibodies egazini labo. Abanye abangama-6% bane -antibodies kwi-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) .
• Iiskeni zemifanekiso: I -MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) yenziwa ukujonga iingxaki ezifana neethumba kwi-thymus gland.
• I-Electromyography (EMG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wezihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo. Lunokubona iingxaki ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha.

Oogqirha bahlula i-myasthenia gravis ngokwendlela esibuhlungu ngayo esi sifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindidi ezintlanu (Udidi I - V). Udidi I yimeko ebuthathaka echaphazela amehlo kuphela, ngelixa udidi V luyimeko enzima echaphazela ukuphefumla, ngamanye amaxesha efuna ukufunxwa okanye ukuphefumla ngomatshini .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-myasthenia gravis?

Akukho nyango lwe-myasthenia gravis, kodwa kukho unyango olusebenzayo olunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuhle.

• Amayeza:
• Izithinteli zeCholinesterase / i-anticholinesterase: La mayeza asebenza ngokuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha, onyusa amandla emisipha.
• Izinto ezithintela amasosha omzimba: Amayeza afana ne -corticosteroids asebenza ngokunciphisa ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwezo antibodies zingalunganga.
• Ii-antibodies ze-Monoclonal: Ezi ziiproteni ezenziwe ngebhayoloji. Zinikwa njengenaliti ye -intravenous (IV) okanye njengenaliti ye-subcutaneous (SQ) . Zilawula ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Ukutshintshiselana ngeplasma / iplasmapheresis: Umatshini ususa iplasma egazini, equlethe ii-antibodies eziyingozi, aze ayithathele indawo ngeplasma okanye isisombululo seplasma esivela kumnikeli.
• I-immunoglobulin efakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi okanye engaphantsi kwemithambo yegazi (IV okanye SQ Immunoglobulin - IVIG okanye SCIG): Ii-antibodies ezivela kubanikeli zinikwa ngenaliti ye-intravenous (IV) kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu. Olu lunyango lwe-myasthenic crisis kunye ne-generalized myasthenia gravis.
• Utyando: I-Thymectomy kukususwa kwe-thymus gland ngotyando. Olu tyando lucetyiswa kubantu abane-thymoma, kunye nabantu abangenayo i-thymus tumor.

Zonke ezi ndlela zonyango zinokuba nemiphumo emibi, ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naluphi na unyango olutsha.

Ndingenza ntoni ekhaya ukunciphisa iimpawu?

Ukuba une-myasthenia gravis, zama ezi zinto ukunciphisa ukudinwa okuzivayo kunye nokwandisa amandla emisipha:

• Zilolonge rhoqo: Kodwa kuphela emva kokubonisana nogqirha wakho, qala inkqubo yokuzilolonga ekhuselekileyo ekufaneleyo. Ukuzilolonga kuqinisa izihlunu, kuphucula imo, kwaye kunika umzimba wakho amandla.
• Kuphephe ukuphuma xa kushushu kakhulu: Ubushushu bunokwenza iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Xa uziva ushushu kakhulu, beka ilaphu elifakwe emanzini abandayo entanyeni nasebunzini lakho.
• Faka iiproteni ezininzi kunye neecarbohydrate ekutyeni kwakho: Zinika umzimba amandla angaphezulu.
• Yenza imisebenzi oyifumana ikruqula kakhulu kwasekuqaleni kosuku: kulapho ke unamandla amaninzi khona.
• Lala kancinci okanye uphumle emini: Oku kuya kunika umzimba wakho ukuphumla kancinci.

Liyintoni ikamva le-myasthenia gravis? (Imbono)

I-Myasthenia gravis sisifo esinokunyangwa . Iimpawu zingaqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima. Iimpawu zihlala zifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu emva kokufunyaniswa kwesi sifo.

Abantu abaninzi baphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobusebenzayo ngonyango.

Ngamanye amaxesha isifo sinokuphela . Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziyanyamalala okwethutyana. Oku kunokuba kokwexeshana okanye kube ngunaphakade. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho uza kutshintsha isicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Abantu abaninzi abane-myasthenia gravis baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo . Iziphumo ezisongela ubomi zenzeka kuphela xa ukuphefumla kuchaphazeleka, njengengxaki ye-myasthenic esiyixubushileyo.

I-Myasthenia gravis kunye nokukhulelwa

Akuqhelekanga ukuba ukukhulelwa kubangele ukuba iimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis zibonakale okokuqala. Ukuba sele unayo le meko, iimpawu zakho zinokuba mandundu ngexesha le-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa okanye emva kokuba ufumene umntwana wakho. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu zakho zinokuba ngcono ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango azikhuselekanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokuncancisa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ulwalathiso lukagqirha wakho ngeli xesha ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okunempilo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha ukuba unale mpawu:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukuthetha, okanye ukutya.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Khumbula, ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, yingxamiseko! Fowunela u-911 (inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni) ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwisibhedlele esikufutshane.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Yintoni ebangela ezi mpawu?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Zeziphi iinguqu zendlela yokuphila ekufuneka ndizenze?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge malunga neengxaki?
• Ndingayiqala ngokukhuselekileyo inkqubo yokuzilolonga?
• Ngaba ikho iqela lenkxaso yezigulane endinokujoyina?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Myasthenia Gravis inokuba yingxaki enzima. Nangona ufuna ukuhlala usebenza, ungaziva udiniwe kwaye ubuthathaka ngamanye amaxesha. Oku kunokuchaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kodwa khumbula, nangona kungekho nyango, ngonyango, abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobusebenzayo. Ukukhubazeka okukhulu ngenxa ye-myasthenia gravis kunqabile. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iindlela zokulawula iimpawu zakho ukuze uhlale uphilile. Musa ukoyika, kwaye ungazami ukujongana noku wedwa. Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho kwaye ufumane uncedo olufunayo. Ndikunqwenelela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza!

I- Myasthenia Gravis, i-Myasthenia Gravis, ubuthathaka bemisipha, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, i-Acetylcholine, i-Thymus gland, i-Neuromuscular junction