Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba amehlo ethu anokuhlakulela izifo ngasese, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso? Kukho izifo zamehlo esingazi nokuba ziza kuza, kwaye xa siqonda oko, umonakalo sele uvele. Esinye sezifo zamehlo esiza ngasese kwaye sonakalise umbono wethu kwaye sixhaphake kubantu abaninzi sibizwa ngokuba yi -open-angle glaucoma . Makhe sithethe ngoku ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni i-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-Open-Angle Glaucoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-glaucoma. Ibangelwa kukonakala komthambo we-optic ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Yicinge njengenkqubo encinci yokukhupha amanzi ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Kulapho ulwelo oluveliswa ngaphakathi kweliso (silubiza ngokuba yi-aqueous humor) luphuma khona. Kwi-Open-Angle Glaucoma, le nkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kancinci kancinci, iqala ukuvaleka. Awuyiva konke konke.

Xa olu lwelo lungakwazi ukuphuma kakuhle, luqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso (uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweliso - IOP) lunyuke. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ocular hypertension . Olu xinzelelo luphezulu yilo lubangela umonakalo kwi-optic nerve ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma yimeko ekhula kancinci kakhulu, ngaphandle kweempawu ekuqaleni. Iyakhula kancinci kancinci, kwaye umbono wakho uyanyamalala kancinci kancinci. Ngexesha oqaphela ngalo, umbono wakho usenokuba wonakele kakhulu. Lo monakalo awunakuguqulwa. Yiyo loo nto uyingozi kangaka. Unyango lujolise kakhulu ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo emehlweni kunye nokuthintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu. Ukuba asinyangwa, esi sifo sinokukhokelela ekubeni ube yimfama.

Oku kuyichaphazela njani umbono wakho?

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma iqala ngokulahlekelwa ngumbono kwindawo ejikeleze intsimi yakho yokubona , ebizwa ngokuba yi- peripheral vision . Kubonakala ngathi umbono uya usiba mnyama kancinci kumacala omabini kwaye uncipha embindini. Uninzi lwabantu lubona emehlweni omabini, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo elinye iliso libi kancinci kunelinye. Yingakho ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukubona isifo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iliso elibona ngcono kancinci lilungisa ukulahleka kombono kwelinye iliso.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Abantu abaninzi ababi nazimpawu de umbono wabo wonakale kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ungafumana izikhokelo kwizinto ezincinci ezifana nezi:

• Xa wehla ngezinyuko, uphoswa yinyathelo elinye.
• Xa ufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba, ezinye iileta ezibhalwe ngamagama ziyanyamalala.
• Xa uqhuba imoto, kuba nzima ukufunda iibhodi zemiqondiso kunye neepleyiti zamagama endleleni.
• Xa kukhanya kuncinci, umzekelo ngokuhlwa, izinto azibonakali ngokucacileyo, kwaye kuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala.

Xa ugqirha wakho wamehlo ehlola amehlo akho, unokubona iziphene zokubona ezifana nezi:

• Isiphene sokunyathela empumlweni : Ukuba mnyama kombono wakho ojonge empumlweni.
• Indawo engaboniyo (`(Arcuate scotoma)`): Indawo emnyama egobileyo phezulu okanye ezantsi kwendawo yokubona.
• Indawo engaboniyo ye-Paracentral (`(Paracentral scotoma)`): Indawo encinci, engqukuva emnyama ekufutshane kancinci nombindi wombono.
• Ingxaki ye-temporal wedge : Indawo enxantathu, emnyama ebonakala ngathi ikwicala lendlebe.

Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, kancinci kancinci uba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-tunnel vision , esenza ubone ngathi ujonge ngetyhubhu.

Ingakanani ingozi yeGlaucoma evulelekileyo?

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma sisifo esiqhubeka kancinci kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Sibi kakhulu kuba singonakalisa umbono wakho ungekaqapheli. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, unyango lunokuthintela okanye lunciphise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba asinyangwa, sinokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona kwanokuba yimfama.

Esi sifo sidla ngokungabi nantlungu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba nengxaki ebizwa ngokuba yi-retinal venous occlusion . Kwimeko enjalo, amehlo anokuba buhlungu kwaye umbono ungalahleki. Ukusinyanga nako kunzima kancinci.

Kutheni le nto (i-Open-Angle Glaucoma) isenzeka?

Sixelelwa ukuba amehlo ethu anenkqubo yendalo yokukhupha amanzi aphuma kwiliso. I-Glaucoma yenzeka xa kukho ingxaki kule nkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ulwelo luqokeleleke ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso lunyuke kwaye lonakalise umthambo we-optic.

Ngamanye amaxesha ingxaki ngenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi iyabonakala, ngamanye amaxesha ayibonakali. Kwi-glaucoma evulekileyo, i-engile yokukhupha amanzi ngaphakathi kweliso ibonakala ivulekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukumelana ngaphakathi. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ingxaki ikwi -trabecular meshwork . Le yitissue efana nesiponji apho ulwelo luphuma khona. Uninzi lwezonyango lujolise kule tissue.

I-OAG ePhambili kunye ne-OAG yesibini

Le ngxaki ifana nento eyenzekayo kwi-trabecular meshwork njengoko sikhula. Njengoko sikhula, iiseli zayo ziyancipha, imo yayo iyatshintsha, kwaye iyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Kungathi kukho umntu okhawulezise inkqubo yokwaluphala kwezi zicubu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho sizathu sicacileyo sinokufunyanwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi -primary open-angle glaucoma (i-primary OAG).

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ingavalwa ngenxa yesinye isifo. Umzekelo, inokuvalwa kukudumba, iiproteni ezigciniweyo, okanye ukungcola kweeseli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-secondary open-angle glaucoma (`(Secondary OAG)`).

Kunzima ukufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo we-OAG eyintloko. Nangona uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emehlweni luhlala lukho, alusoloko lukho. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso luqhelekile, kunokubakho iimpawu zomonakalo kwi-optic nerve. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-OAG eyintloko:

• Ukukhula kweminyaka: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala basengozini enkulu.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neglaucoma, nawe unokuba nayo.
• Imvelaphi yemfuza yaseAfrika: Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abazalwa eAfrika.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

I-Glaucoma inokuba nzima ukuyixilonga ukuba awunazo iimpawu okanye awuboni naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe amehlo . Ukuba ugqirha wakho unerekhodi zakho zangaphambili kunye nembali yempilo yamehlo, unokujonga utshintsho oluncinci kunye nezinto ezinokubangela i-glaucoma. Emva koko banokwenza olunye uvavanyo kwaye baxilonge isifo kwangethuba.

Iingcali zixilonga i-Open-Angle Glaucoma ngokukhangela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Utshintsho kwicandelo lombono
• Ukonakala kwi-optic nerve kunye/okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu emehlweni (`(IOP)`)
• I-engile yokukhupha amanzi evulekileyo (`(i-engile yokukhupha amanzi evulekileyo)`)

Kwenziwa ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ukujonga i-glaucoma:

• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo : Uvavanyo olulinganisa ubungakanani bombono wakho, oko kukuthi, ukuba ubona kude kangakanani.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo kakhulu, enqamlezileyo ye-optic nerve kunye nezinye iileya ezingaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokunceda ukubona izinto ezinje ngobukhulu be-nerve kunye nomonakalo.
• I-Gonioscopy : Inkqubo ehlola ngokuthe ngqo i-engile yokukhupha amanzi kweliso. Oku kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba i-engile ivulekile, inciphile, okanye ivalekile.
• I-Tonometry (`(Tonometry)`): Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweliso (`(IOP)`). Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezilungileyo ze-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Kukho amayeza kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokunyanga i-glaucoma evulelekileyo. Unyango olulungele wena luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho kunye nendlela iliso lakho elisabela ngayo kunyango. Uninzi lonyango lugxile ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso (IOP). Nokuba i-IOP yakho ayibonakali iphezulu, izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuyinciphisa kunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-glaucoma. Oku kunokunceda ukugcina umbono wakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Amayeza e-OAG

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma idla ngokuphathwa ngamayeza. La ngamathontsi eliso. La mathontsi anyusa ulwelo oluphuma elisweni okanye anciphise ulwelo oluveliswayo. Le yindlela uxinzelelo oluhla ngayo. Ungakhathazeki, ulwelo olungaphakathi kweliso lakho (aqueous humor) lwahlukile kwiinyembezi ezithambisa amehlo akho. Ngoko ke ukutshintsha inqanaba lolu lwelo akuyi kuwenza amehlo akho ome.

Nazi ezinye zezona ziyobisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-OAG:

• IiProstaglandins : Imizekelo: i-travoprost, i-bimatoprost, i-latanoprost. Ezi zii-hormones ezenziweyo ezinceda ulwelo olusesweni ukuba luphume ngendlela eyahlukileyo (ukuphuma kwe-uveoscleral).
• Ii-Beta-blockers : Imizekelo iquka i-betaxolol kunye ne-timolol. La ngamayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo. Anciphisa ulwelo olusesweni.
• Izithinteli zeRho-kinase : Umzekelo, i-netarsudil. Ezi zisebenza ngokuthintela ukusebenza kwee-enzymes ezithile, eziphumza i-trabecular meshwork ngaphakathi kweliso, zivumela ulwelo ukuba luphume kakuhle.
• Izithinteli ze-carbonic anhydrase (umz., i-brinzolamide, i-dorzolamide). Ezi zisebenza ngokuthintela isenzo se-enzyme esenza ulwelo ngaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo enciphisa ukuveliswa kolwelo.
• Ii-agonists ze-Alpha-adrenergic : Umzekelo, i-brimonidine, i-apraclonidine. La mayeza avuselela ii-receptors ezithile zemithambo-luvo ngaphakathi kweliso, enciphisa ukuveliswa kolwelo kwaye anyuse ukuphuma kolwelo.

Utyando kunye neenkqubo ze-OAG

Ukuba amayeza awaniki ncedo lwaneleyo, okanye ukuba awufuni ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amayeza, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokucebisa utyando lwe-OAG. Kwezinye iimeko, utyando olungena kakhulu (`(utyando olungena kakhulu)`) lunokucetyiswa njengonyango lokuqala ukuze kuthintelwe ukusebenzisa amayeza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zotyando lwe-glaucoma. Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-glaucoma evulekileyo zizama ukuphucula ukuphuma kolwelo kwi-`(trabecular meshwork)`.

Ezinye zeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-OAG zezi:

• I-Laser trabeculoplasty : Oku kusebenzisa umqadi welaser ukunyanga iindawo ezikhethiweyo ze-trabecular meshwork yakho. Oku kubangela utshintsho lweekhemikhali kwizicubu, okuvumela ulwelo ukuba luphume kakuhle emehlweni.
• I-Goniotomy : Olu lutyando lwe-glaucoma olungenabungozi kangako olwenziwa kwigumbi lotyando. Lubandakanya ukususa i-trabecular meshwork enesiphene/enamatheleyo kunye nokuvula inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi elisweni.
• Utyando lwe-Tube shunt(`(Utyando lwe-Tube shunt)`): Kule nto, kufakwa isixhobo esincinci esifana netyhubhu (`(shunt)`) ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kuvala i-`(trabecular meshwork)` kwaye kuvumela ulwelo ukuba luphume elisweni ngale tyhubhu. Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezingangenisi kakhulu nanini na xa kunokwenzeka.

Iyintoni ingqikelelo ye (i-Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Ngonyango, abantu abaninzi banokumisa ukuqhubeka kwe-open-angle glaucoma, okanye ubuncinane bayinciphise. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba umonakalo wokubona owenzekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango awunakuguqulwa. Yiyo loo nto ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubaluleke kangaka. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu azibonakali, abanye abantu abaqondi ukuba balahlekelwa kancinci ngumbono wabo de kube kade. Nangona abantu abaninzi bengayiboni, i-glaucoma yeyona nto yesibini iphambili ebangela ubumfama ehlabathini. Kwaye uninzi lwe-glaucoma yi-open-angle glaucoma.

Nangona isizathu singacacanga, i-glaucoma ichaphazela abantu abanemvelaphi yemfuza yase-Afrika kakhulu kunabanye. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika, abantu base-Afrika baseCaribbean, kunye nabantu baseNtshona Afrika banamathuba aphindwe kane okufumana esi sifo. Basenokuba nesi sifo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, kwaye banamathuba aphindwe kathandathu okufunyanwa benombono onzima. Emva kwe-cataracts, i-glaucoma (edla ngokuba yi-OAG) yeyona nto iphambili yokungaboni phakathi kwabantu abamnyama.

Ngaba i-Open-Angle Glaucoma ingathintelwa?

Ekubeni kungekho sizathu sicacileyo se-open-angle glaucoma, akukho ndlela yokuyithintela. Nangona kunjalo , ukuba uyiqaphela kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango, unokuthintela umonakalo obangelwe sisifo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oku kukubona ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo. Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-OAG, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanonyango lokuthintela.

Ndingazinyamekela njani xa ndihlala ne-(Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Ukuba usela amayeza e-open-angle glaucoma, kubalulekile ukuwasela njengoko kumiselwe kwaye ungaphoswa lusuku. Ngokungafaniyo notyando, amayeza ayisiso isisombululo sexesha elide, esisebenza kube kanye kwi-OAG. Kuya kufuneka uwasele la mayeza yonke imihla, mhlawumbi ubomi bakho bonke. Ukuba unemiphumo emibi evela kumayeza, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi awuziva ngcono emva kokuyeka amayeza, kunokuba nzima ukuqhubeka uwasebenzisa. Ukuba isicwangciso sakho sonyango asisebenzi, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho kwakhona ukuze uxoxe ngeendlela onokukhetha kuzo.

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-glaucoma. Ikhula kancinci, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, kwaye idla ngokungabonisi zimpawu. Inokubangela ukulahleka kokubona ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele. Ukuva oku kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kwaye kudideke kancinci. Kodwa wakuba ufumene uxilongo, ungaqala unyango. Abantu abaninzi balawula i-OAG ngempumelelo ngamayeza kunye/okanye utyando olungenalo utyando.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kweli nqaku

• I-Open-Angle Glaucoma sisifo esingathethiyo , oko kuthetha ukuba isenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ekuqaleni.
• Oku kungonakalisa umbono wakho kancinci kancinci ngaphambi kokuba uqonde.
• Lo monakalo awunakuguqulwa , ngoko ke kungcono ukuwubona kwangethuba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kunokusibona esi sifo kwangethuba kwaye kukhusele ukubona kwakho.
• Lukhona unyango! Amayeza okanye utyando lunokulawula isifo kwaye luthintele umonakalo ongakumbi.
• Ukuba une-glaucoma, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Sebenzisa amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe.

Kuxhomekeke kuwe ukuba unakekele amehlo akho. Ngoko ke nyamekela oku.

I- Glaucoma, i-Open-Angle Glaucoma, Uxinzelelo lwamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa kukubona, Izifo zamehlo, Uvavanyo lwamehlo, Unyango lwe-Glaucoma