Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, mhlawumbi utata wakho, umama wakho, okanye umntu omaziyo, onesifo sikaParkinson? Umele ukuba uzive ulusizi kakhulu xa ubona izandla zakhe zingcangcazela, ubunzima bakhe bokuhamba, umzimba wakhe uqina, nobuso bakhe buphelelwa yimvakalelo. Akulula ukuphila nesi sifo. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ngesayensi yezonyango yanamhlanje ephucukileyo, ngamayeza afanelekileyo, ungazilawula ezi mpawu kakhulu kwaye uphile ubomi obuhle. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangobubele ngamayeza anikwa isifo sikaParkinson.
Okokuqala, masibone, yintoni kanye kanye isifo sikaParkinson?
Masiqonde oku ngokulula. Isifo sikaParkinson sisifo esinxulumene nenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Ngokukodwa, ingqondo yethu. Yimeko eqhubekayo eqhubeka iba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha . Kukho indawo yengqondo yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'substantia nigra' elawula intshukumo. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo kule ndawo ziyabola kwaye ziyafa kancinci kancinci.
Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zivelisa isithunywa sekhemikhali esibaluleke kakhulu, i-'neurotransmitter', emzimbeni wethu. Igama layo yi -dopamine . Le dopamine ibalulekile ukuze iintshukumo zomzimba wethu zihambe kakuhle kwaye zilawulwe. Ngoko ke xa ezo seli zemithambo-luvo zitshatyalalisiwe, inqanaba le-dopamine engqondweni liyehla. Yiyo loo nto iimpawu ezinje ngokungcangcazela, ubunzima bokuhamba, kunye nokuqina komzimba zisenzeka kwisifo sikaParkinson.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba amayeza anikwa isifo sikaParkinson alawule ezi mpawu. Okwangoku, akukho nyango lwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza anceda kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu nasekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi.
Amayeza aphambili esifo sikaParkinson
Xa benyanga isifo sikaParkinson, oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yamayeza amaninzi, endaweni yeyeza elinye. La mayeza ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomntu, ubudala, kunye nenqanaba lesifo. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili zamayeza.
1. I-Levodopa kunye neCarbidopa
Eli lelona yeza liphambili nelisebenzayo kwisifo sikaParkinson. Likwabizwa ngokuba yi-gold standard.
- ILevodopa: Xa eli yeza lingena emzimbeni wethu, lingena engqondweni lize liguquke libe yidopamine. Oko kukuthi, eli yeza libuyisela ubungakanani bedopamine obusele buphelile engqondweni.
- I-Carbidopa: Kodwa kukho ingxaki. Ukuba sithatha i-levodopa yodwa, uninzi lwayo lutshatyalaliswa zii-enzymes emzimbeni wethu ngaphambi kokuba ifike engqondweni. Ukuthintela oku, iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-carbidopa linikwa kunye ne-levodopa. I-Carbidopa ivumela uninzi lwe-levodopa ukuba lufikelele engqondweni ngokukhuselekileyo. Kwakhona, i-carbidopa inceda ekunciphiseni iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokuthatha i-levodopa yodwa, ezifana nokucaphuka nokuhlanza.
Olu didi lwamayeza luhlala lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiimpawu ze-bradykinesia, ukuqina, kunye nokungcangcazela.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Amagama Aqhelekileyo Eempawu ESri Lanka |
|---|---|
| Indibaniselwano yeLevodopa-Carbidopa | I-Sinemet®, iRytary®, iParcopa®, iDhivy® |
2. Iingcali zeDopamine Agonists
Olu hlobo lwamayeza lufana nomdlali weqonga. Oko kukuthi, ayisiyo i-dopamine ngokwenene. Kodwa iya engqondweni ize isebenze njenge-dopamine. Ivuselela ii-dopamine receptors engqondweni, inike ingqondo imvakalelo yokuba kukho i-dopamine.
La mayeza adla ngokunikwa kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo, ingakumbi kwizigulane ezincinci. Ngamanye amaxesha anokunceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-levodopa.
- IPramipexole (Mirapex®)
- I-Ropinirole (Requip®)
- I-Rotigotine (Neupro®)
3. Izithinteli zee-enzyme
Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Kulula kakhulu. Besitshilo ngaphambili ukuba kukho ii-enzymes emzimbeni wethu eziqhekeza i-dopamine. Oko kwenziwa ngala mayeza kukuyekisa ukusebenza kwezo enzymes. Emva koko i-dopamine engqondweni ayitshatyalaliswa ixesha elide.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi:
- Ii-MAO-B Inhibitors: Ezi zithintela ukusebenza kwe-`MAO-B`, i-enzyme enkulu eqhekeza i-dopamine engqondweni. Imizekelo: `Selegiline`, `Rasagiline`.
- Ii-COMT Inhibitors: Ezi zithintela i-enzyme ethi `COMT` eqhekeza i-dopamine, eyenziwe yi-levodopa. Ngenxa yoku, isiphumo se-levodopa sihlala ixesha elide. Imizekelo: `Entacapone`, `Opicapone`.
4. I-Amantadine
Ezinye izigulana ezithatha amayeza afana ne-levodopa ixesha elide zinokuba neentshukumo ezizenzekelayo nezishukumisayo (i-dyskinesia). I-Amantadine isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunyanga ezi meko. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ekuqaleni yayiyeyeyeza lokulwa neentsholongwane. Kodwa kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba ikwanceda kwiimpawu zikaParkinson.
5. Amayeza e-Anticholinergic
Eli yeza linceda kakhulu ekungcangcazeleni nasekuqineni .Ulawulo. Xa i-dopamine engqondweni yethu incipha, isiphumo senye i-'neurotransmitter' ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine siyanda. La mayeza athintela isiphumo se-acetylcholine. Imizekelo: `Benztropine`, `Trihexyphenidyl`.
Amayeza ezinye iimpawu ezingahambelaniyo nokuhambahamba
Isifo sikaParkinson asichaphazeli nje kuphela intshukumo. Sinokubangela nezinye iingxaki, ezinje ngokuqhinwa, iingxaki zokulala, ukudakumba, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza nganye kwezi zinto.
| Uphawu | Iintlobo zamayeza anokumiselwa |
|---|---|
| Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile | Amayeza anjengeSildenafil (Viagra®) |
| Ukulala kakhulu emini (i-Hypersomnia) | I-Modafinil (i-Provigil®) |
| Ukuqhinwa | Izinto zokuthambisa indle, ezifana ne-polyethylene glycol (MiraLax®) |
| Ukudinwa | I-Methylphenidate (iRitalin®) |
| Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo | Izithinteli zeCholinesterase |
| Uxinzelelo/Ukuxhalaba | Ii-SSRI (ii-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) |
| Ingqondo/Imibono Engekhoyo | Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo afana ne-pimavanserin |
Masifunde nangeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zala mayeza.
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, amayeza kaParkinson anokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana le miphumo emibi. Kwakhona, ezinye zezi zinto ziyaphela njengoko amayeza eqhubeka esetyenziswa.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| I-Levodopa | Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, ukozela emini, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwegazi emzimbeni. Ukudideka kwengqondo kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunokwenzeka kubantu abadala. |
| Iingcali zeDopamine Agonists | Ukungaboni kakuhle, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukozela, isicaphucaphu, umlomo owomileyo, isiyezi. Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka rhoqo kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuqala ukusebenzisa amayeza zize zinciphe. |
| Izithinteli ze-Enzyme | (Ii-COMT inhibitors): urhudo, iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo (i-dyskinesia). (Ii-MAO-B inhibitors): Intlungu yesifuba, isicaphucaphu, umlomo owomileyo, isiyezi. |
| I-Amantadine | Ubunzima bokugxila, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukungakwazi ukulala, amaphupha amabi, imilenze evuvukileyo. |
| I-Anticholinergics | Umlomo owomileyo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukozela, ukuqhina, ubunzima bokuchama, iingxaki zokukhumbula. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha iLevodopa okanye wehlise umthamo ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela imeko enzima, esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome'.
Ingaba amayeza awonelanga? Yintoni enye enokwenziwa?
Amayeza yinxalenye enye nje yedabi. Ukuba wenza ezinye izinto ezimbalwa kunye namayeza, ungazilawula ngcono iimpawu zakho kwaye uhlale wonwabile.
Ulungiso lwenyama
Oku ngokuqinisekileyo yinto ekufuneka yenziwe. Kukho iinkqubo zonyango lomzimba ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa izigulana zeParkinson. Ezi ziya kukunceda,
- Ungayiphucula ibhalansi kunye nokuhamba komzimba wakho.
- Inganyusa uzinzo lomzimba.
- Kunceda kakhulu ukugcina ubomi obusebenzayo.
Ukuzilolonga
Ukuzilolonga yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula isifo sikaParkinson. Ukuzilolonga yeyona nto ingqinwe ngokwesayensi ukuba iyacothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Kungcono ukwenza ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga ngentliziyo ngeveki. Izinto ezifana nokukhwela ibhayisekile, ibhoksi, kunye nokuzilolonga kumculo ziluncedo kakhulu.
Ukunyamekela impilo yengqondo
Xa uphila nesifo esihlala ixesha elide esifana nesikaParkinson, kuqhelekile ukuba uzive udandathekile, uxhalabile, kwaye uxhalabile. Ngoko ke, ukuba uziva ngolu hlobo, kubalulekile ukuba ungabi nazintloni ngaso kwaye ufune uncedo kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, njengogqirha wengqondo .
Ufanele uphinde uye kugqirha wakho kwakhona nini?
Xa usebenzisa amayeza kaParkinson, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ujonge ukuba amayeza ayasebenza na kwaye ukuba kukho iimpawu ezintsha ezivele. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ingakumbi kwezi meko.
- Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ongenakukwazi ukuzinyamezela .
- Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki okanye azibi mandundu .
- Ukuba uziva ufuna ukuyeka amayeza akho . (Ungaze wenze esi sigqibo wedwa!)
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amayeza esifo sikaParkinson awanakunyanga ngokupheleleyo esi sifo, kodwa anokulawula iimpawu aze aphucule umgangatho wobomi.
- I-Levodopa yeyona nyango iphambili nelisebenzayo koku.
- Njengazo zonke iziyobisi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngazo.
- Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu. Kunokuba yingozi.
- Ukongeza kumayeza, unyango lomzimba kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni esi sifo.
- Nyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo ngeli xesha lohambo. Funa uncedo lweengcali ukuba kuyimfuneko.
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