Utshintsho ekukhuleni komntwana wakho? Masithethe ngePervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uyathandabuza ukuzibandakanya nokudlala nabanye abantwana? Okanye wakha waziva ngathi kunzima ukuchaza iimvakalelo zakhe? Ngamanye amaxesha, njengomama okanye utata, xa ubona izinto ezincinci ezinje, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukrokrela. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni iPervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Pervasive Developmental Disorder , edla ngokufinyezwa ngokuthi "PDD", ligama elalisetyenziswa ngaphambili ukuchaza ukulibaziseka okuhlukeneyo kokukhula okuchaphazela amandla omntwana okunxulumana, ukunxibelelana, kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye.

Kodwa, kulungile ukwazi. Oogqirha ngoku babiza le meko ngokuthi yi-Autism Spectrum Disorder , okanye i-ASD ngamafutshane. Igama latshintshwa ngo-2013. I-American Psychiatric Association (i-American Psychiatric Association) yazisa iimeko ezine ezahlulwe ngaphambili phantsi kwesambulela esinye kwincwadi yabo yokuxilonga, i-DSM-5. Ezi meko zine zezi:

• Isifo se-Autistic
• Isifo sika-Asperger
• Ingxaki yokuqhekeka komntwana
• Ingxaki yophuhliso eqhubekayo engachazwanga ngenye indlela (PDD-NOS)

Ngoko ke, ungabona ukuba `(PDD)` ngoku yinxalenye yodidi olubanzi `(ASD)`. Nangona kunjalo, kulo lonke eli nqaku, siza kusebenzisa zombini `(PDD)` kunye `(ASD)` ukuze kube lula kuwe ukuqonda.

Abantwana abanale ``(PDD)`` banokujamelana nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• Ukufika kade ekuqaleni ukuthetha, okanye ukuba nobunzima bokuveza izimvo.
• Ukuba kukho utshintsho oluncinci kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla, nokuba kukwimisebenzi yabo okanye kwindawo abahlala kuyo, kunokuba nzima ukuba baqhelane nayo. Khawucinge nje, ukuba ubathatha ubayise esikolweni ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunendlela abaqhele ukuhamba ngayo, basenokucaphuka.
• Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye nokuqonda iimvakalelo zabo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ye-PDD?

Enyanisweni, i-PDD yenye yezona zifo zixhaphakileyo kudidi lwe-ASD. Kuphela yi-47% yabo bafunyaniswe bene-ASD ekuthiwa bawela kolu didi.

Zithini iimpawu zePDD?

Iimpawu eziphambili zabantwana abane-PDD kubunzima bokunxibelelana nokunxulumana nabanye abantu . Basenokuhlangabezana nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukwenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo: Izinto ezifana nokushukumisa iingalo zakho, ukushukumisa umzimba wakho ngasemva nangaphambili, okanye ukudlala ngethoyi efanayo ngendlela efanayo.
• Ubunzima bokuvakalisa izimvo ngolwimi:Abanye abantwana banengxaki yokubhala amagama, ngelixa abanye bethatha ixesha elide ukuqala ukuthetha.
• Kunokuba nzima ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwimikhwa yemihla ngemihla: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, notshintsho oluncinci lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubo.
• Ukuphepha ukujongana namehlo: Ukujonga ecaleni okanye ukungajongani namehlo xa uthetha.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha: Ukucotha ukuphendula xa umntu ebuza umbuzo, okanye ukuba nobunzima bokuqalisa okanye ukuqhubeka nencoko.
• Ubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo zomntu: ukucaphuka msinya, okanye ukuziva ulusizi okanye uxhalabile.
• Ukutshintsha kwethoni yelizwi: Ngamanye amaxesha ukuthetha ngethoni efanayo ('ilizwi elithe tyaba'), okanye ukuthetha ngelizwi eliphezulu kakhulu.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-PDD abafanayo. Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu luwela phakathi kwezi mpawu.

Zithini izizathu zePDD?

Inyaniso kukuba, abaphandi abakafumani sizathu sithile se-PDD. Kodwa bakholelwa ukuba ibangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-Genetics: Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ii-genes zidlala indima ekuphuhlisweni kwe-PDD. Kodwa zisazama ukufumanisa ukuba njani kanye kanye. Abantu abaninzi abane-PDD banotshintsho oluthile kwii-gene zabo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi -gene mutations . Enyanisweni, izazinzulu zichonge ii-genes ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwii-chromosomes ezahlukeneyo ezidibene ne-ASD ngandlela thile. Kodwa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ayinguye wonke umntu one-PDD one-genes ezifanayo kuzo zonke ii-genes zabo. Kwakhona, ezinye zezi nguqu zinokufumaneka kubantu abangenayo i-PDD. Uninzi lwabaphandi ngoku bayavuma ukuba ezinye ii-genes mutations zinokubangela iimpawu ezithile okanye zilawule ukuba ezo mpawu zinzima kangakanani. Ubuncinane, ezi nguqu zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-PDD.

• Izinto ezikwimo yendalo: Masithi unesifo se-PDD. Emva koko, ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile ezikwimo yendalo kunokunyusa lo mngcipheko. Umzekelo, ukuba une-genetic change ethile, unosulelo, okanye uchaphazeleke yityhefu, unokuba ne-PDD.

• Ibhayoloji: Abaphandi basajonga izinto zebhayoloji ezinokunyusa umngcipheko we-PDD. Ezi zinokubandakanya iimeko ezichaphazela imetabolism yakho, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, okanye iindawo ezithile zobuchopho.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-PDD?

Into ebeka emngciphekweni yinto eyonyusa amathuba okuba nesifo. Iingcali zichonge izinto ezininzi ezibeka emngciphekweni i-PDD:

• Ukuba nomnakwenu okanye udadewenu one-PDD okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-ASD.
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza, ezifana ne -fragile X syndrome okanye i-Down syndrome .
• Ubudala babazali ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 (ingakumbi ubudala bomama - `ubudala obuphezulu bomama`).
• Ukuzalwa unobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zePDD?

Nangona wonke umntu one-PDD eneengxaki zakhe ezizodwa, ubukhali beempawu bunokwahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantwana abane-PDD banokuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, ngelixa abanye besenokungathethi nelimdaka. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ubone ukuba loluphi uhlobo loncedo umntwana wakho aludingayo. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zomntwana wakho.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-PDD?

Akukho vavanyo lwelabhoratri okanye uvavanyo lwezonyango olunokuthi luxilonge i-PDD. Endaweni yoko, oogqirha bajonga indlela umntu aziphethe ngayo baze bajonge imbali yokukhula kwakhe.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics icebisa ukuba bonke abantwana bahlolwe i-ASD phakathi kweenyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-24 ubudala. Oogqirha abaninzi benza olu vavanyo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwabo rhoqo kokukhula kunye nempilo-ntle. Ngeli xesha, ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha aze adlale nomntwana wakho. Baza kukubuza nemibuzo malunga nendlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo, athetha ngayo, kwaye ahambahamba ngayo ekhaya.

Nangona ezi zifo zihlala zenziwa ebuntwaneni, oogqirha banokuxilonga i-PDD kunye ne-ASD kubantwana abadala, abantu abaselula, kunye nabantu abadala. Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuba ne-PDD okanye imeko enxulumene nayo, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angakuvavanya okanye akuthumele kwingcali ye-ASD.

Iphathwa njani i-PDD?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukulawula i-PDD. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Unyango oluxhasayo
• Amayeza
• Amayeza ancedisayo

Iindlela zonyango zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Oko kusebenza komnye umntu kusenokungasebenzi komnye. Iimfuno zomntu wonke zahlukile. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba afumane uncedo abaludingayo kakhulu.

Unyango oluxhasayo

Unyango oluphambili lwe-PDD kukunyamekela ngenkxaso. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda ekuphuhliseni ubuchule bokunxibelelana nokuqonda amagama.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Lunceda ekuqiniseni ukulungelelaniswa komzimba nokufunda imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, efana nokuhlamba, ukunxiba, kunye nokuxukuxa amazinyo.
• Unyango lomzimba: Lunceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zomzimba, lufunde indlela yokuzilolonga, kwaye lonyuse amandla.
• Uhlalutyo lokuziphatha olusetyenzisiweyo (i-ABA): Olu lunyango lokuziphatha oluzama ukwandisa ukuziphatha okuhle nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi.

Amayeza

Akukho mayeza anokunyanga i-PDD ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abane-PDD banezinye iimeko, ezifana nokunqongophala kwengqwalasela/ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD) , ixhala , kunye nokudakumba . Kwiimeko ezinjalo, amayeza anokunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo bonke.

Amayeza ancedisayo

Amayeza ancedisayo kukusebenzisa iindlela ezingezizo ezemveli kunye nonyango oluqhelekileyo. Oku kungabandakanya izinto ezininzi, ezinje:

• Unyango lobugcisa
• Unyango lomculo
• Ukuphulula umzimba
• Unyango lwe-Acupuncture
• I-yoga
• Ukucamngca

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane unyango olongezelelweyo olunokuphucula impilo yakho iyonke kunye nempilo-ntle yakho.

Ngaba i-PDD ingathintelwa?

Hayi. Akukho nto unokuyenza ukuthintela i-PDD okanye nayiphi na enye imeko ewela phantsi kodidi lwe-ASD. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unayo akuthethi ukuba wenze into engalunganga. Zininzi izizathu zokuba abantu babe ne-PDD, akukho nanye kuzo elawulwa nguwe. Kwakhona, akukho bungqina besayensi bokuba ukugonywa kwabantwana kubangela i-PDD okanye i-ASD.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula i-PDD kukuxilonga isifo kwangethuba uze uqale unyango kwangethuba . Kodwa akukabi lixesha lokuqala unyango, njengoko unyango lunokuba luncedo nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-PDD okanye imeko efanayo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa kokukhula. Uza kukuxelela ukuba ukuvavanywa komntwana wakho kuqhelekile na kwaye ukuba ufuna ukubona ingcali ukuze avavanywe ngakumbi.

Ukuba ungumntu omdala kwaye ucinga ukuba unokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-PDD okanye i-ASD, cela uncedo kugqirha wakho wosapho okanye kugqirha oyintloko. Ngenxa yolwazi olukhulayo nge-ASD, kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye nenkxaso ekhoyo namhlanje kunokuba kwakunjalo kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Akukaze kube kudala ukufumana inkxaso oyifunayo.

Nokuba nguwe okanye umntwana wakho, ukufumana uxilongo lwengxaki yokukhula kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo—njengokungena kwihlabathi elitsha. Okanye kunokuba luncedo ukuba ekugqibeleni ufumane impendulo yombuzo obuzibuza wona ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho ukhona ukuze akuncede. Iingcali ziyazi okuninzi nge-ASD namhlanje kunokuba zazinjalo kwiminyaka elishumi okanye emibini eyadlulayo.

Ngamafutshane, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Abantu abane-ASD babona ihlabathi ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci – kodwa loo nto ayiyonto imbi. Ukudala ulwakhiwo oluthile, okanye ucwangco, ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla yindlela entle yokuzixhasa. Kwakhona yindlela entle yokubonisa umntwana wakho ukuba uyamthanda ngendlela abanjalo ngayo.

Ungakhathazeki. Awuwedwa. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-PDD okanye i-ASD, qiniseka ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ukungenelela kwangoko kunokunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni ikamva lomntwana wakho. Khumbula, wonke umntwana uxabisekile, kwaye singamnceda wonke umntwana afikelele kwisakhono sakhe esipheleleyo.

Ingxaki Yophuhliso Exhaphakileyo, i-PDD, Ingxaki Yokubona I-Autism Spectrum, i-ASD, Uphuhliso Lomntwana, Uphuhliso Lobuchopho, Izakhono Zoluntu, Ubunzima Bokunxibelelana, Iimpembelelo Zemfuza, Unyango Lokuziphatha