Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeBlack Death kwiincwadi zembali nakwiimuvi. Ngelo xesha, izigidi zabantu eYurophu naseAsia bafa ngenxa yesi sifo. Eso sifo sibi sabangela oko sikubiza ngokuba yiPlague namhlanje. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, asisaxhaphakanga ngoku njengoko sasinjalo ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo asikapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele esi sifo siyingozi.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le ngxaki?
Isifo sosulelo esibi esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Yersinia pestis' (Y. pestis) . Sisifo esinokudluliselwa sisuka kwizilwanyana siye ebantwini. Ngokuchanekileyo, esi sifo sidla ngokudluliselwa xa intakumba iluma isilwanyana, njengempuku, esinayo le ntsholongwane, kwaye loo ntakumba ifika ikulume.
Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zesifo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni sihlala phi emzimbeni. Makhe sijonge nganye ngokweenkcukacha.
Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zesifo esibulalayo
Khawuthelekelele ukuba intsholongwane (`Y. pestis`) ingene emzimbeni wakho. Apho ihamba khona emzimbeni wakho kumisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibetho osifumanayo.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Inxalenye yomzimba echaphazelekayo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo seBubonic | Ithumba | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo kwaye lolona lunethuba elihle lokuchacha ukuba lunyangiwe. I-lymph node enye okanye ezingaphezulu ziyadumba kabuhlungu. La maqhuqhuva avuvukileyo akwabizwa ngokuba yi-"bubos." |
| Ubhubhani Weentsholongwane | Inkqubo Yokujikeleza Kwegazi (Umsinga Wegazi) | Le meko yenzeka xa iintsholongwane zingena ngqo egazini. Oku kunokutshabalalisa izicwili, kubangele iimeko ezifana ne-gangrene, kwaye kukhokelele ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba. |
| Isifo sePneumonic | Imiphunga | Olu lolona hlobo lunqabileyo noluyingozi kakhulu. Luyenzeka xa iintsholongwane zifika emiphungeni. Lufana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kwaye lunokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokukhohlela nokuthimla. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ngaphandle kwesifo semiphunga, ezinye iintlobo ezimbini aziqhelekanga ukuba zidluliselwe lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, isifo semiphunga sinokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
Zithini iimpawu zesifo esibulalayo?
Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesibetho, kukwakho neempawu ezithile ezixhomekeke kuhlobo esixoxe ngalo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso
- Ukungcangcazela ngenxa yokubanda
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu kunye neentlungu zomzimba
- Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka emzimbeni
- Isiyezi
- Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo
Iimpawu ezithile kuxhomekeke kuhlobo
- Isifo se-Bubonic: I-lymph nodes enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezikufutshane nendawo yokulunywa (njengekhwapha, i-groin, okanye intamo) ziba buhlungu kakhulu kwaye zidumbe. Ezi zinokubonakala ngathi ziindunduma ezinkulu.
- Isifo seSepticemic: Intlungu yesisu, ukopha empumlweni, emlonyeni, okanye phantsi kolusu. Ngamanye amaxesha, izicwili kwiindawo ezifana neminwe, izandla, neenyawo ziyafa zize zibe mnyama (gangrene).
- Isifo se-Pneumonic: Ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, kunye ne-phlegm enegazi okanye ukukhupha amanzi.
Nangona imifanekiso yakudala ibonisa izigulane ezinezilonda emzimbeni wazo wonke, oku akulona uphawu lwesifo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba sisifo esinye, esifana ne-smallpox. Uphawu oluphambili lwesifo zii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo (ii-buboes).
Sidluliselwa njani esi sifo?
Njengoko besikhe sithethe ngayo ngaphambili, kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili ezinokuthi iintsholongwane ze-Y. pestis zidluliselwe ngazo ebantwini.
1. Kwiintakumba: Le yindlela ephambili. Intakumba eluma impuku okanye isilwanyana esinesifo njengonomatse inokukosulela ngesifo.
2. Ukusuka ngqo kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane: Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ukuba ulwelo okanye izicubu zomzimba zesilwanyana esineentsholongwane (esiphilayo okanye esifileyo) zingena emzimbeni wakho ngenxeba okanye inxeba eluswini lwakho.
3. Ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiPneumonic Plague.Kuphela kumntu onayo. Omnye umntu angayifumana le sifo ngokuphefumla amathontsi aphumayo xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
Khumbula, ayizozodwa iimpuku, kodwa neempuku ezifana neesquirrels, iiGuinea Pigs, izinja, iikati, iinyamakazi kunye neenkamela zinokusuleleka kwaye zisasaze esi sifo.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto? Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sobhubhani, ingakumbi ukuba ubukwindawo apho iintakumba zinokuluma khona, okanye ukuba une-lymph node evuvukileyo (bubo), kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Xelela ugqirha wakho oku kulandelayo:
- Ngaba ukhe waya kwindawo apho kuye kwabikwa khona ukuba kukho ubhubhani?
- Ngaba ukrokrela ukuba uneentshulube?
- Ngaba ukhe wachukumisa isilwanyana esinokuba sinesifo?
Ukuqinisekisa esi sifo, ugqirha wakho uza kuthumela isampuli yegazi lakho, i-sputum, okanye ulwelo oluvela kwi-lymph node evuvukileyo kwilebhu ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba ikhona na intsholongwane ye-Y. pestis.
Unyango
Isifo sePlague sisifo esifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukuba unyango lunokuqaliswa kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu kakhulu.
Kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane koku. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni aqale unyango ngaphandle kokulinda iziphumo zovavanyo. La mayeza anokunikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) okanye njengeepilisi. Amayeza asetyenziswa rhoqo aquka i-`Ciprofloxacin`,` Doxycycline( Doxycycline(Doxycycline ) `,` Gentamicin`.
Ukuba uthatha unyango, uza kuqala ukuziva ungcono kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo (ii-buboes) ziphiliswe. Ungaze uthathe olu hlobo lwamayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Ungazikhusela njani kwisifo esibulalayo?
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuphepha oku kukuphepha iintakumba kunye nezilwanyana ezinokuba nesi sifo.
- Gcina okusingqongileyo kucocekile: Susa iimfumba zeenkuni kunye neemfumba zenkunkuma apho izilwanyana ezifana neempuku kunye neengwane zinokuzimela khona.
- Musa ukuzondla izilwanyana zasendle: Musa ukushiya ukutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya phandle. Kunokutsala izilwanyana zasendle.
- Zikhusele kwiintakumba: Ukuba uya kwiindawo zasendle, sebenzisa isitshizi sezinambuzane esine-DEET.
- Khathalela izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya: Buza ugqirha wezilwanyana malunga nonyango lweentakumba zenja okanye ikati yakho.
- Lumka xa uphatha izilwanyana:Ukuba kufuneka uphathe isilwanyana esigulayo okanye esifileyo, qiniseka ukuba unxibe iiglavu.
- Musa ukuvumela izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya zikhululeke: Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho kuxelwe khona ukuba kukho ubhubhane, musa ukuvumela izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya zikhululeke ngaphandle.
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka sesi sifo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko uze ucele icebiso lokuba ngaba kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singabikho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sobhubhani sisifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa ngoku esingaqhelekanga, esibangelwa yintsholongwane iYersinia pestis .
- Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zesifo: i-bubonic, i-septic, kunye ne-pneumonic. Kwezi, isifo se-pneumonic sinokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
- Iimpawu eziphambili ngumkhuhlane okhawulezileyo, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nee-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo nezibuhlungu.
- Ekubeni esi sisifo esiyingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu. Kucetyiswa ukuba uye kwiCandelo loNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ii-antibiotics zinganyanga esi sifo ngempumelelo, kodwa unyango kufuneka luqalwe ngokukhawuleza.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela oku kukuzikhusela kwiintakumba nakwizilwanyana ezinokuthwala esi sifo.
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