Ngaba unengxaki ngemiphunga yakho? Masithethe nge-pneumonia.

Ngaba nawe unengxaki yesifuba, ukukhwehlela rhoqo, kunye nomkhuhlane kule mihla? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba ezi ziingqele nje okanye umkhuhlane omncinci, kodwa kunokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia esichaphazela imiphunga yethu. Musa ukukhathazeka, ukuba sinolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga noku, sinokuzikhusela kakhulu kwaye siphile ngokukhawuleza ukuba sifike.

Yintoni i-pneumonia? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga yakho . Olu sulelo lunokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya , iintsholongwane , okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga , ifungi . Olu sulelo lubangela ukuba izicubu zemiphunga yakho zidumbe, okanye zivuvuke . Ngamanye amaxesha imiphunga ingazaliswa lulwelo okanye bubomvu.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa ziibhaktheriya idla ngokuba nzima kakhulu kune-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane. I-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane idla ngokuziphelela yodwa. I-pneumonia inokuchaphazela umphunga omnye kuphela, okanye inokuchaphazela imiphunga yomibini. Xa ichaphazela imiphunga yomibini, ibizwa ngokuba yi-bilateral okanye i-double pneumonia .

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia ye-viral kunye ne-bacterial?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Enyanisweni, zonke iinyumoniya ziquka usulelo kunye nokudumba kwemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane (ibhaktheriya, intsholongwane, okanye ifungus) ebangele oku.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yibhaktiriya lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-pneumonia, kwaye inokuba nzima kakhulu. Isenokufuna nokulaliswa esibhedlele. Oogqirha bayinyanga ngee -antibiotics .

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ihlala iphela ngaphandle konyango oluthile.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-pneumonia?

Sihlulahlula i-pneumonia ngokwe-pathogen eyibangeleyo (oko kukuthi, intsholongwane, iibhaktheriya okanye i-fungus) kunye nendlela oyifumene ngayo. Oko kukuthi, nokuba uyifumene kuluntu, esibhedlele, okanye ngelixa usebenzisa i-ventilator.

1. I-pneumonia efunyenwe kuluntu (i-CAP)

Ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia kwindawo yoluntu, njengasekhaya okanye emsebenzini, endaweni yokuba uye esibhedlele okanye kwiziko lezempilo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) . Oku kunokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane: Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiStreptococcus pneumoniae . Oku kunokubangela ukosuleleka endlebeni, ukosuleleka kwi-sinus, kunye ne-meningitis.I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane iMycoplasma pneumoniae idla ngokuba yintsholongwane encinci. Ingabangelwa naziintsholongwane ezifana neHaemophilus influenzae , iChlamydia pneumoniae , kunye neLegionella (isifo esibangelwa yile nto sibizwa ngokuba sisifo seLegionnaires).
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, i-influenza , i-COVID-19, kunye ne-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela i-pneumonia.
• Iifungi/iimolds: Iifungi ezifana neCryptococcus , iPneumocystis jirovecii , kunye neCoccidioides azifane zibangele inyumoniya. Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka badla ngokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana inyumoniya ngenxa yefungus.
• Iprotozoa: Kunqabile kakhulu, iiprotozoa ezifana neToxoplasma nazo zinokubangela inyumoniya.

2. I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele (HAP)

Ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia ngelixa usesibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye utyando, ibizwa ngokuba yi -hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) . Idla ngokuba yingozi ngakumbi kune-community-acquired pneumonia. Oku kungenxa yokuba idla ngokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Umzekelo , i-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) . Oku kuthetha ukuba i-HAP inokukwenza ugule kwaye kube nzima ukunyanga.

3. I-pneumonia enxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (HCAP)

Olu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lunokwenzeka kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide, njengezindlu zabantu abadala, okanye kwiikliniki zangaphandle apho izigulane zifumana unyango lwexesha elide. Njenge-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele, idla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

4. I-pneumonia enxulumene nomoya (VAP)

Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise umatshini wokuphefumla ukukunceda uphefumle esibhedlele (ngokuqhelekileyo kwigumbi lonyango oluphezulu (ICU), usengozini yokuhlaselwa lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia olubizwa ngokuba yi-VAP . Ingabangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezibangela i-pneumonia efunyanwa luluntu, kunye neebhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ezibangela i-pneumonia efunyanwa esibhedlele.

5. I-Aspiration pneumonia

Ukuba into efana nokutya, ulwelo, amathe, okanye ukuhlanza kungena kwi-windpipe yakho nakwimiphunga yakho, oko kukuthi, ukuba inamathela emqaleni wakho (aspiration) , kwaye awukwazi ukuyikhupha, unokufumana usulelo lwemiphunga. Oku kungenxa yokubaYintoni i-aspiration pneumonia?

Ndingazazi njani ukuba ndine-pneumonia, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, okanye umkhuhlane?

Kunokuba nzima ukubona umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye ne-pneumonia. Ngugqirha kuphela onokukuxelela kanye into onayo. I-pneumonia inokuba sisifo esisongela ubomi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zibalulekileyo :

• Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane ongama-38.88 degrees Celsius (102 degrees Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuphuma komfinya otyheli, oluhlaza, okanye onegazi .

Khumbula, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-pneumonia?

Usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia ukuba :

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 okanye ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Ukuba unesifo semiphunga (umz., i-cystic fibrosis , i-asthma , isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo ( COPD), i-emphysema , i-pulmonary fibrosis , i-sarcoidosis ) okanye isifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yemithambo-luvo ebangela ubunzima bokuginya (umz. i-dementia , isifo sikaParkinson , isifo sohlangothi ). Aba bantu basengozini enkulu yokuba ne -aspiration pneumonia .
• Ukuba usesibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide.
• Ukuba ungumtshayi.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe.
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka (umzekelo, ukuba ufumana i-chemotherapy , ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba, une -HIV/AIDS , okanye usela amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela).

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-pneumonia?

Nabani na unokufumana i-pneumonia. Sisifo esixhaphakileyo. E-United States kuphela, izigidi zabantu zifumana i-pneumonia minyaka le. Kwaye, malunga nabantu abangama-55,000 bayafa ngenxa ye-pneumonia minyaka le e-United States. I-pneumonia yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukufa kumazwe asakhasayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Iimpawu zingahluka ukusuka kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima. Iintsana, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantu abadala banokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia

Iimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia zinokuvela kancinci kancinci okanye ngequbuliso. Ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40.55 degrees Celsius okanye i-105 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Ukukhohlela i-phlegm etyheli, eluhlaza, okanye enegazi .
• Ukudinwa.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukubila okanye ukuziva ubanda.
• Intlungu esifubeni kunye/okanye esiswini, ingakumbi xa ukhohlela okanye uphefumla nzulu.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (iCyanosis) .
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo.

Iimpawu ze-viral pneumonia

Iimpawu ze-viral pneumonia zihlala zikhula kancinci kancinci kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Usenokuba neempawu ezifana neze-bacterial pneumonia, okanye usenokuba nazo:

• Ukukhohlela okomileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Intlungu yemisipha.
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci

Iintsana kunye neentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ze-pneumonia, okanye iimpawu zazo zinokwahluka kwezo zabantu abadala. Ezi ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukungakhululeki ngokubanzi, ukubila/ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (iTachypnea) .
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukungabikho kwamandla.
• Ukungazoli okanye ukukhala rhoqo.

Ungazibona izinto ezinje kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci:

• Isandi sokuphefumla okanye sokufutha xa uphefumla.
• Ukuchama okunciphileyo okanye iinapukeni ezimanzi ezimbalwa.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo.
• Umzimba ongenabomi.
• Ukulila ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
• Ubunzima bokusela ubisi.

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banokuba neempawu ze-pneumonia ezingembi kangako okanye ezimbalwa (ezifana nokukhwehlela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci). Basenokuba neempawu ezimbi ngakumbi zeemeko zempilo ezikhoyo. Abantu abadala banokuba nezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimeko yengqondo.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ndidiniwe.

Zithini izizathu ze-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia yenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba ilwa nosulelo olungene kwiingxowa ezincinci zomoya (ii-alveoli) emiphungeni yakho. Oku kubangela ukuba imiphunga yakho idumbe ize iqalise ukuvuza ulwelo.

Iintlobo ezininzi zeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neefungi zinokubangela i-pneumonia. Iibhaktheriya zezona zibangela i-pneumonia kubantu abadala, kwaye iintsholongwane zezona zibangela i-pneumonia kubantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo. Ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo (iRhinovirus) .
• I-Covid-19 (SARS-COV-2) .
• Umkhuhlane (intsholongwane yomkhuhlane) .
• I-Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) .
• Intsholongwane yeParainfluenza yabantu (HPIV) .
• Isifo seLegionnaires .
• Ibhaktheriya yeMycoplasma pneumonia.
• Isifo se-pneumococcal(Isifo se-pneumococcal) .
• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia.
• Intsholongwane ye-Respiratory syncytial (RSV) .

Ngaba i-pneumonia iyosulela?

I-pneumonia ayisuleli ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela yona ziyasulela . Umzekelo, umkhuhlane uyasulela, kwaye loo mkhuhlane unokubangela i-pneumonia. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana umkhuhlane ofumana i-pneumonia.

Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-pneumonia , iStreptococcus pneumoniae , inokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezinentsholongwane okanye ngamathontsi akhutshwa xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

I-pneumonia yefungus ayosuleli. Ngokungafaniyo nosulelo lwefungus, iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-pneumonia?

Ukuze kufunyaniswe i-pneumonia, ugqirha uza kubuza ngembali yakho yempilo aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Uza kumamela imiphunga yakho nge -stethoscope . Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zingenziwa okanye ziyalelwe. Ezi zinokubandakanya iimvavanyo zomfanekiso ezifana ne -X-ray yesifuba , ukujonga amanqanaba akho eoksijini nge-pulse oximetry (umlinganiselo wenqanaba leoksijini egazini) , iimvavanyo zegazi, okanye iimvavanyo ze-sputum .

Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ugqirha wakho uqinisekisa ukuba une-pneumonia, usenokungakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-pneumonia?

Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lokujonga imiphunga yakho ukuze abone iimpawu zosulelo, alinganise ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, aze ahlole igazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba ukuze afumane unobangela we-pneumonia yakho, efana nale:

• Imifanekiso: I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ingasetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yemiphunga yakho nokukhangela iimpawu zosulelo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba loluphi uhlobo losulelo olubangela inyumoniya yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwe-sputum: Uza kucelwa ukuba ukhohlele uze ufake i-sputum kwisitya. Iya kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe iimpawu zosulelo kwaye kuchongwe ukuba yintoni ebangela oko.
• I-pulse oximetry: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini egazini lakho kwaye lunokunika ugqirha wakho umbono wokuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• Inkcubeko yolwelo lwe-Pleural: Ugqirha wakho usebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga yakho. Isampuli ithunyelwa kwilebhu ukunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wosulelo.
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi olusebenzisa imithambo yegazi: Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, kuthathwa isampuli yegazi esihlahleni sakho, engalweni, okanye emqolo kwaye kulinganiswa inqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa ityhubhu ebhityileyo nekhanyisiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope ukujonga ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho. Angathatha neesampuli zezicubu okanye ulwelo ukuze aluvavanye kwilebhu.

Inyangwa njani i-pneumonia?

Unyango lwe-pneumonia luxhomekeke kwisizathu (seentsholongwane, intsholongwane, okanye ifungus) kunye nokuba imeko yakho imbi kangakanani. Ekubeni isizathu singaziwa rhoqo, unyango lugxile ekulawuleni iimpawu kunye nokugcina imeko yakho ingabi mandundu.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Ii-antibiotics: I-bacterial pneumonia inyangwa ngee-antibiotics. Ayinyangi intsholongwane, kodwa ugqirha wakho unokukunika imiyalelo ukuba unosulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane.
• Amayeza okulwa nefungus: I-pneumonia ebangelwa lusulelo lwefungus inokunyangeka ngamayeza okulwa nefungus.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: I-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane ayinyangwa ngamayeza, kwaye isenokuphela yodwa. Ukunciphisa ubude nobunzima besifo sakho esibangelwa yintsholongwane, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane afana ne -Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) , i-Zanamivir (Relenza®) , okanye i-Peramivir (Rapivab®) .
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba awufumani oksijini eyaneleyo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika oksijini eyongezelelweyo ngetyhubhu efakwe empumlweni yakho okanye ngemaski enxitywe ebusweni bakho.
• Ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (ii-IV fluids): Ulwelo olufakwa ngqo emthanjeni (IV) lusetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ukunyanga ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ukuba kuyenzeka.
• Ukususwa kolwelo: Ukuba ulwelo oluninzi luqokelelene phakathi kwemiphunga yakho nodonga lwesifuba ( i-pleural effusion ), ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukulususa. Oku kungenziwa nge-catheter okanye ngotyando.

Ingaba i-pneumonia iyaphela yodwa?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuziphelela. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlale ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuze unyange iimpawu zakho kwaye unciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu.

Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Amayeza afumaneka ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kunye nezinto onokuzenza ekhaya zinokukunceda uzive ungcono kwaye ulawule iimpawu ze-pneumonia:

• Izithomalalisi zentlungu kunye nezithomalalisi zomkhuhlane: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjenge -ibuprofen (Advil®) kunye ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol®) kwiintlungu zomzimba kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Izinto zokunciphisa ukukhwehlela:Buza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza okunciphisa ukukhwehlela kwi-pneumonia. Ukukhwehlela kubalulekile ekucoceni imiphunga yakho.
• Unyango kunye nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla: Ugqirha wakho angakunika olu nyango ukuze ukhulule ulwelo kwaye akuncede uphefumle.
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ugcine i-humidifier encinci kufutshane nebhedi yakho okanye uthathe ishawa okanye uhlambe ngomphunga. Oku kunokunceda ukwenza ukuphefumla kube lula.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva konyango lwe-pneumonia?

Ukuba uziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwezi zinto:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Unobangela we-pneumonia yakho.
• Ubunzima be-pneumonia yakho.
• Nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo okanye iingxaki.

Ukuba ungumntu ophilileyo ongenazo ezinye izifo, uninzi lweempawu ze-bacterial pneumonia zihlala ziqala ukuphucuka kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 emva kokuqala unyango. Kwi-viral pneumonia, unokuqala ukuziva ungcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango. Ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngokukhwehlela nokudinwa, zinokuhlala iiveki ezininzi.

Ndiza kusuleleka ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndine-pneumonia?

Ukuba une-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, awusathathwa njengosulelayo emva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uphelile kwaye ubusoloko uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini. Ukuba une-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, usathathwa njengosulelayo de uzive ungcono kwaye ube ungenawo umkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndine-pneumonia?

Ukuba ungumntu ophilileyo ongenazo ezinye izifo, ungaphila kwi-pneumonia ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunyangwa, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, i-pneumonia inokuba yingozi ebomini.

Kwanabantu abaye banyanga ngempumelelo baza baphila ngokupheleleyo ngamanye amaxesha banokuba neengxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide. Emva kokuchacha kwi-pneumonia, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuncipha kwamandla okwenza umthambo.
• Ukuwohloka kwesifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuhla ngokubanzi komgangatho wobomi.

Abantwana abaphulukene nesifo semiphunga basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo semiphunga esingapheliyo.

Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuba neengxaki zempilo emva kokuchacha kwi-pneumonia, bonana nogqirha wakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifune ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kuquka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: I-pneumonia inokubangela ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla okanye i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) .
• Ukuqokelelana kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (i-pleural effusion).
• Usulelo lwegazi olubangelwa yibhaktheriya (iBacteremia) , okanye i-sepsis:Iibhaktheriya ezibangela i-pneumonia zinokungena egazini lakho, zisasaze usulelo kwamanye amalungu omzimba zize zibangele i-sepsis (njengokutyhefwa ligazi) okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba.
• Ithumba lemiphunga: I-pneumonia inokubangela imingxunya egcwele ubovu (amathumba) emiphungeni yakho.

Kufuneka ulaliswe nini esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

Ukuba une-pneumonia enzima okanye iingxaki, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Usethubeni elikhulu lokulaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia ukuba :

• Kulungile ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala okanye ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezichaphazela intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga.

Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kungathatha malunga neeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ukubuyela esiqhelweni.

Ungayithintela njani i-pneumonia?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-pneumonia kukugonyelwa iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela loo nto. Kukwakho nemikhwa yemihla ngemihla yempilo onokuyilandela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-pneumonia.

Amayeza okugonya i-pneumonia

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zemithi yokugonya ethintela i-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal. Njengemithi yokugonya yomkhuhlane, le mithi yokugonya ayikhuseli kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-pneumonia. Kodwa ukuba uyagula, akunakwenzeka ukuba ibe yingozi kakhulu.

• Iigonyo zePneumococcal: I-Pneumovax23® kunye nePrevnar13® zikhusela kwiibhaktheriya ze-pneumonia. Ziyacetyiswa kumaqela athile eminyaka okanye abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-pneumonia. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba loluphi ugonyo olulungele wena okanye abantu obathandayo.
• Amayeza okugonya iintsholongwane: Ekubeni ezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela inyumoniya, ukugonyelwa i-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nenyumoniya.
• Ukugonywa kwabantwana: Ukuba unabantwana, buza ugqirha wabo ukuba zeziphi ezinye izitofu abafanele bazifumane. Iitofu ezininzi zabantwana zinceda ekuthinteleni usulelo olubangelwa ziibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezinokubangela i-pneumonia.

Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko we-pneumonia

Ukongeza ekugonyweni, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana nokusasaza i-pneumonia ngokulandela le mikhwa yempilo:

• Yeka ukutshaya kwaye uphephe ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu. Ukutshaya konakalisa imiphunga yakho kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokosuleleka.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi phambi kokutya, ngaphambi kokuphatha ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ukuba isepha ayifumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unesifo esosulelayo esifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye i-COVID-19, kuphephe ukusondelana naye okanye ukwabelana ngezinto.
• Ukuba kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele okanye kwenye indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo, ungoyiki ukubuza oogqirha bakho indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo, qhelisa umzimba, kwaye uphumle ngokwaneleyo.
• Fumana unyango lwazo naziphi na ezinye izifo okanye iimeko zempilo onazo. Ezi meko zinokwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-pneumonia.
• Kuphephe ukusela utywala kakhulu.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndizive ngcono xa ndine-pneumonia?

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzive ungcono xa une-pneumonia:

• Lawula iimpawu zakho njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Gqiba onke amayeza kunye nonyango oluchazwe ngugqirha wakho. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuba nje uzive ungcono. Qhubeka uwathatha ude uwagqibe onke amayeza. Ukuba awuwagqibi onke amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, inyumoniya yakho inokubuya.
• Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (i-aspirin, i-acetaminophen, i-ibuprofen, ne-naproxen), wathathe njengoko kuyalelwe kwileyibhile. Ungaze unike abantwana i-aspirin.
• Phumla kakuhle.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba uziva ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu nangaliphi na ixesha, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuba i-pneumonia iya isiba ngcono?

Njengoko uqala ukuchacha kwi-pneumonia, umkhuhlane wakho uya kuba ngowokuqala ukubuyela esiqhelweni. Emva koko, ungaphawula ukuba ubungakanani bomhluzi owukhohlelayo buyancipha. Ukuziva ngathi ungenza eminye yemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kukwaluphawu oluhle lokuba uyachacha.

Ukuba ndine-pneumonia, ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo?

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziphelile, zincinci okanye ziyaphucuka, kwaye awunazo naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu, ungabuyela kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo:

• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ukudinwa (ukungabi namandla).
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Isikhwehlela, umkhuhlane, okanye ukukhwehlela.

Ukuba usempilweni ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu luziva luphilile ngokwaneleyo ukuba lubuyele kwimisebenzi yalo yangaphambili kwisithuba seveki. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha ukuya kwinyanga ukuba luphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Thetha nogqirha wakho, ingakumbi ukuba sele ugula, unengxaki yempilo engabonakaliyo, okanye unezinye zeempawu ezintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu ezilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ukudinwa.
• Tshintsha umnqweno wokutya (ukuba uziva ngathi unomdla omncinci wokutya).

Ndingaya nini kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko?

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi:

• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba umile nje, kulungile.
• Ukuba unentlungu entsha okanye eyandayo esifubeni.
• Kulungile ukuba udidekile okanye awukwazi ukucinga kakuhle.

Ngaba ungayifumana i-pneumonia ngaphandle komkhuhlane?

Ewe, nangona umkhuhlane luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-pneumonia, i-pneumonia inokwenzeka nokuba nomkhuhlane ophantsi okanye ungekho. Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu, ngesizathu esithile :

• Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 (ingakumbi iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye neentsana).
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.

Ngaba i-pneumonia inyangwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo ebantwaneni?

Isifo semiphunga ebantwaneni asisoloko sinyangwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu yi-pneumonia kwaye banamathuba amaninzi okulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze bafumane unyango kunabantu abadala.

Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo, i-pneumonia inokubonakala idida kancinci. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ukhathazekile xa uzibuza ukuba iimpawu zakho zibonisa into enzulu na. Umkhuhlane ophezulu, i-phlegm enegazi okanye engaqhelekanga, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zonke ziimpawu ekufuneka ungaze uzityeshele. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba umzimba wakho ukuxelela ukuba kukho into engalunganga.

Masikhumbule ezona zinto zibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masiphinde sikukhumbuze ngezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo esizithethileyo malunga ne-pneumonia:

• I-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga. Ingabangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, iifungi.
• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhohlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye iintlungu zesifuba, musa ukucinga nje ukuba ngumkhuhlane uze ubone ugqirha.
• Ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, kunye nabo banezinye izifo zemiphunga/zentliziyo kufuneka baxhalabele ngakumbi i-pneumonia.
• Ukufumana imigonyo, efana neyogonyo ye-pneumococcal kunye neyogonyo yomkhuhlane, kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-pneumonia.
• Ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukuhlamba izandla kakuhle, nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni nako kunceda ekukhuseleni kwi-pneumonia.
• Sela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho kanye ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, gqiba yonke idosi, nokuba uzive ungcono.

Khumbula, uyazi kakuhle impilo yakho. Ukuba ubona nantoni na engaqhelekanga okanye engaqhelekanga, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ungakhathazeki, i-pneumonia inokuhlala inyangeka ngonyango olukhawulezileyo!

I - pneumonia, usulelo lwemiphunga, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iimpawu ze-pneumonia, unyango lwe-pneumonia