Ngaba i-X-ray yakho ibonakalise 'iqhuqhuva' emiphungeni yakho? (Iqhuqhuva lePulmonary) - Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto!

Usenokuba ukhe wajongwa i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ngenxa yesifo esahlukileyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yento efana nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uloyiko olukhulu kunye nexhala xa ubona "i-pulmonary nodule" kwingxelo. Usenokucinga ngoko nangoko, "Owu Thixo wam, ingaba ngumhlaza lo?" Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka ndikuxelele yona kukuba uninzi lwala maqhuqhuva alungomhlaza . Ngoko ke masingaphakuzeli, kodwa masingene ngqo kwingongoma.

Yintoni iqhubu lemiphunga?

Ngamafutshane, eli libala elincinci okanye 'iqhubu' emiphungeni yakho. Xa lijongwa kwi-X-ray okanye kwi-CT scan, eli qhubu libonakala ngokucacileyo kwizicubu zemiphunga eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Lifana nebala elincinci kwihempe emhlophe. Kungokwemvelo ukuba nexhala xa ingxelo ikhankanya iqhubu, kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwazo alunabungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho izifo ezingezizo zomhlaza.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ubona amagama athi "i-ground glass opacity" kwingxelo yakho, ungoyiki. Oku kubhekisa kwimbonakalo yeqhuma. Kuthetha ukuba iqhuma lifana neglasi etshayiweyo, kwaye awukwazi ukubona ngaphaya kwalo. Amanye amaqhuma aqinile, kwaye akukho nto inokubonwa ngawo. Oku kubonakala kunokunika ugqirha umbono othile ngohlobo lweqhuma.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi ziqhuma?

Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Enyanisweni, malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu abane-CT scan yesifuba baya kuba neqhuma elincinci elifana neli kwingxelo yabo. Yiyo loo nto le meko ixhaphake kangaka. Ngoko ke akuwedwa, ngabantu abaninzi abaza kuba nalo kwingxelo yabo.

Ngaba ezi zinto zibangela naziphi na iimpawu?

Amaqhuqhuva amancinci emiphungeni adla ngokungabangeli zimpawu. Adla ngokufunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo ngesinye isizathu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iqhuqhuva likhulu kwaye licinezela indawo efana nombhobho womoya, okanye ukuba linesifo somhlaza, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela.

Kutheni la maqhuqhuva esenzeka emiphungeni?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba iindunduma zemiphunga zingenzeke. Zinokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka usulelo, amasuntswana amancinci angena emzimbeni, izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, amanxeba emiphungeni, kunye nomhlaza.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:

• IiGranulomas Ezisulelayo: Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zamaqhuqhuva angengomhlaza. La maqhuqhuva anokwakheka emiphungeni ngenxa yosulelo lweebhaktheriya ezifana nesifo sephepha, esixhaphakileyo kwilizwe lethu, okanye ezinye izifo zefungus. La maqhuqhuva (iiGranulomas) akhiwa xa iiseli zomzimba zomzimba zidibana ukuze zilwe nosulelo.
• IiGranulomas ezingezizo ezosulelayo: Ezi ntlobo zamaqhuqhuva zinokuvela ngenxa yezifo ezihlasela amajoni omzimba, ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis kunye ne-sarcoidosis.
• IiTumors eziNgenabungozi: Ezi qhuma zinokubangelwa ziithumba ezingenobungozi (umz., iiHamartomas, iiLipomas).
• Ii-Tumors ezibangelwa ngumhlaza: Kwezinye iimeko, eli qhuma linokuba sisiqalo somhlaza wemiphunga. Kodwa khumbula, oku akunakwenzeka kangako kunezinye izizathu.
• Amanxeba/I-Fibrosis:Ukutshaya, ukuphefumla iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, okanye uthuli kunokonakalisa imiphunga kwaye kubangele ukuba kubekho amabala (amabala) kwezo ndawo. Ezi zinokubonwa nakwii-X-ray njengeziqhushumbisi.

Gqirha, wazi njani ukuba lo ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo?

Ugqirha akayi kwenza isigqibo kwangoko emva kokubona ingxelo yakho. I-CT scan yodwa ayinakukuxelela ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, inokukunika izikhokelo ezibalulekileyo.

Ugqirha utsalela ingqalelo kwezi ngongoma:

• Ubungakanani beqhuma: Ngokubanzi, amaqhuma angaphantsi kwe-0.6 centimeters (6 millimeters) anobungozi obuphantsi kakhulu bokuba nomhlaza.
• Imilo yeqhuma: Amaqhuma anemiphetho egudileyo nengqukuva adla ngokuba yingozi. Nangona kunjalo, amaqhuma anemiphetho engangqalanga nengqukuva kufuneka ahlolwe ngakumbi.
• Ukukhula kweqhuma: Thelekisa ne-X-ray okanye i-CT scan yangaphambili ukuze ubone ukuba iqhuma likhulile na.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi zikhokelo, ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba enze ntoni ngokulandelayo. Usenokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo.

• Ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-CT scan okanye i-PET scan.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lwesikhohlela ukuze kuhlolwe usulelo.
• Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci leqhubu ukuze lihlolwe (iBiopsy) .

Kukweziphi iimeko apho kufuneka khona i-biopsy?

Ayizizo zonke iindunduma ezifuna i-biopsy. Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy kuphela xa ecinga ukuba indunduma inomhlaza. Izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:

• Ukuba utshaya okanye ukhe watshaya ngaphambili.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza ngaphambili.
• Ukuba ufumene unyango lwe-radiation kwindawo yesifuba.
• Ukuba ukhe wadibana nezinto ezifana ne-asbestos kunye ne-radon.
• Ukuba iqhuma likhulu kuneemilimitha ezili-9 ngobukhulu.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza i-biopsy. I-Bronchoscopy ibandakanya ukufaka ityhubhu encinci efakwe ikhamera ngomlomo okanye empumlweni ukuze ijonge emiphungeni kwaye ithathe isampuli. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-biopsy yenaliti ikwayenziwa ngokwenza umngxuma omncinci esifubeni.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva amancinci angengomhlaza awadingi naluphi na unyango.

Ugqirha udla ngokucebisa "Uvavanyo Olusebenzayo"Oko kukuthi, ukujonga iqhuma ngaphandle konyango.

• Ukuba unobangela wesiqhuma sisifo, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane.
• Ukuba iqhuma liyakhula ngexesha lokujonga, libangela iimpawu, okanye liqinisekisiwe ukuba linomhlaza nge-biopsy, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe iqhuma.

Kuphantsi kweziphi iimeko ekufuneka ndikhathazeke ngazo?

Ukuba ingxelo yakho ikhankanya iqhuma, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo nto kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Musa ukulibazisa kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esinzulu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokoyisa uloyiko lwakho kunye namathandabuzo kukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo uze ufumane ukuqonda okucacileyo. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Gqirha, ingaba yintoni imbangela yale qhuma?"
• "Xa sijonga ubungakanani bayo kunye nenkangeleko yayo, ingakanani amathuba okuba ibe yingozi?"
• "Ingaba kukho enye into ekufuneka ndiyivavanye?"
• "Siza kwenza ntoni emva koko? Ngaba kufuneka siphinde siskene? Kunini oko?"
• "Zeziphi iimpawu ezithile ekufuneka ndizijonge?"