Ngaba wakha wacelwa ngugqirha ukuba akunike amayeza okukunceda uphumle, okukunceda ulale, okanye okukunceda uphumle ngaphambi kotyando oluncinci? Ezi ziintlobo zamayeza esiwabiza ngokuba 'zii-sedatives'. Nangona la mayeza eluncedo kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba sonke siqaphele imiphumo yawo, iingozi, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye into yokuthomalalisa?
Ngamafutshane, ii-tranquilizers luhlobo lwamayeza athintela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo , oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo. La ngamayeza afanele afunyanwe kuphela ngomyalelo kagqirha. Amandla awo kunye nobude bexesha lokusebenza emzimbeni kuyahluka.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zihlala zenzeka xa uthatha olu hlobo lwamayeza:
- Ndiziva ndikhululekile engqondweni nasemzimbeni.
- Ixhala liyancipha .
- Ubunzulu beemvakalelo ezifana nentlungu kunye nokuchukumisa buyancipha.
- Ndiziva ndisozela .
- Ukuphefumla kuba nzima kancinci kwaye kube nzima .
- Isantya sentliziyo siyehla kancinci.
- Kusenokubakho ukuphazamiseka okwethutyana kwinkumbulo.
Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bahlukanisa ezi zinto zokuthomalalisa kunye ne-hypnotics, ngoko ungaziva zibizwa ngokuba yi-"sedative-hypnotics."
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-'Sedation' kunye ne-'Anesthesia'?
La magama mabini adla ngokubhideka, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwawo omabini.
I-sedation liyeza elikwenza uzive uzolile, ukhululekile, okanye ulele. Kodwa usazazi izinto ezenzekayo ezikungqongileyo. Ugqirha angathetha nawe aze akunike iingcebiso. Lisetyenziswa ukunciphisa ixhala kunye novalo ngaphambi kotyando oluncinci okanye ukukhutshwa kwamazinyo.
I-anesthesia eqhelekileyo yinkqubo ekwenza ungabikho zingqondweni ngokupheleleyo. Awuva ntlungu, awazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kufutshane nawe, kwaye awukhumbuli nto yenzekileyo ngelo xesha. I-anesthesia ibalulekile kwiindlela ezinkulu zotyando (umz., utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo).
Cinga ukuba kukho amanqanaba amathathu aphambili okuthomalalisa:
- Okuncinci: Uziva ngathi ukhaphukhaphu, kodwa uvukile. Ungaphendula imibuzo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo.
- Okuphakathi: Usenokuziva ulele kakhulu. Usenokude ulale. Usenokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okanye ukudideka emva kwesiganeko.
- Nzulu:Uza kulala ubuthongo obunzulu, kodwa awuyi kulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokupheleleyo njengokuba ubuya kwenza xa unesithomalalisi. Awuyi kukhumbula nto ngesi siganeko.
Ziziphi iintlobo zemithi yokuthomalalisa?
Ii-tranquilizers zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi eziphambili ezahlukeneyo. Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okulula kwezi zinto.
| Udidi lweziyobisi | Isetyenziswa kakhulu | Imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| IiBenzodiazepines | Kwiimeko ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukungalali, kunye nokuxhuzula. Ezi zezona zinto zidla ngokubonwa njengezithomalalisa umzimba. | I-Alprazolam (Xanax®), i-Diazepam (Valium®), i-Flurazepam (Dalmane®) |
| IiBarbiturates | Iyeza lakudala. Ngoku lisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwi-anesthesia kunye nokunyanga isifo sokuwa. | I-Phenobarbital, iPentobarbital (Nembutal®) |
| Iingcali ze-hypnotics | Ezi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-benzodiazepines, kodwa zahlukile ngokwesakhiwo. Zinikwa ikakhulu izigulana ezingakwaziyo ukulala. Zikwabizwa ngokuba "zii-Z-drugs". | I-Zolpidem (Ambien®), i-Eszopiclone (Lunesta®), i-Zaleplon (iSonata®) |
| Ezininzi | Amanye amayeza anamhlanje anyanga ukungalali angekho phantsi kwezi ndidi zingasentla. | I-Ramelteon (Rozerem®), iSuvorexant (iBelsomra®) |
Lisebenza njani eli yeza?
Eli libali lesayensi kancinci, kodwa lilula. Iingqondo zethu zithumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo. Oko kwenziwa ngala mayeza kukwandisa umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-GABA (i-Gamma-aminobutyric acid) engqondweni yethu. I-GABA yikhemikhali yokuthintela elawula umsebenzi wobuchopho kwaye isebenza njengekhemikhali "yokuqhobosha" (inhibitory). Ngoko ke xa umsebenzi we-GABA usanda, ingqondo iyacotha, size sizive sizolile, sikhululekile, kwaye silele.
Zithini iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi?
Ii-tranquilizer luhlobo lwamayeza ekufuneka asetyenziswe ngononophelo olukhulu, njengoko enemingcipheko ethile kunye nemiphumo emibi.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane
- Ukudinwa kunye nokozela
- Ubunzima bokugxila
- Umbono ofipheleyo
- Ixesha lokuphendula elandisiweyo
Iingozi zokusetyenziswa ixesha elide
- Ndisoloko ndilibala izinto.
- Iingxaki zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba.
- Umonakalo wesibindi.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi.
Umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka kwaye ungawuthintela njani?
Le yeyona ngozi iphambili enxulumene nala mayeza. Ezinye izinto ezithomalalisayo zinokubangela uvuyo olukhulu kunye nokuphumla (uvuyo). Imizamo ephindaphindiweyo yokufezekisa olu luvo inokukhokelela ekuxhomekekeni ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukuze uphephe umlutha:
- Musa ukuthatha ngaphezu kwedosi echazwe ngugqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu.
- Musa ukwabelana namayeza owanikiweyo nabanye abantu.
- Gcina amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude nabantwana.
- Xa unyango lugqityiwe, lahla ngokukhuselekileyo naliphi na iyeza eliseleyo.
Ukugqithisa kunye nobutyhefu
Ukuthatha amayeza angaphezu kwalawo amiselwe ngugqirha okanye ukuwasebenzisa kunye notywala okanye ezinye iziyobisi kunokukhokelela ekugqithiseni amayeza. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini .
Iimpawu zokusebenzisa i-overdose:
- Ukulala ubuthongo obunzulu kakhulu, kunzima ukuvuka
- Intetho engacacanga
- Ukungazinzi okungalawulekiyo xa uhamba (i-Ataxia)
- Ukuphefumla kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kube nzima (ukudakumba kokuphefumla)
- Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo yingqondo (i-Coma)
Ukuba ubona umntu onezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa! Mse kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Iimpawu zokurhoxa
Ukuba uyeka ukusebenzisa eli yeza ngequbuliso emva kwexesha elide, unokufumana "iimpawu zokurhoxa". Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ke ngoko,Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha eli yeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
Izinto ekufuneka uzixelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-sedative
Ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha akunike iyeza lokuthomalalisa, qiniseka ukuba umxelele ezi zinto.
- Imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango .
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unembali yokulutha iziyobisi.
- Malunga nayo nayiphi na eminye imithi, iivithamini, okanye izongezo ozisebenzisayo ngoku.
- Oko kukuthi, ukuba usebenzisa utywala .
- Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unethemba lokukhulelwa .
- Ukuba usebenzisa naziphi na ezinye iziyobisi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-sedative luhlobo lwamayeza afanele athathwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha, ngomlinganiselo omiselweyo nangexesha elimiselweyo.
- Musa ukwabelana ngamayeza owanikwe ngugqirha nomnye umntu nangasiphi na isizathu. Asemthethweni kwaye ayingozi kakhulu.
- Kuphephe ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo ngelixa usebenzisa la mayeza. Ukudibana kwezi zinto zimbini kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokoyika okanye ukuthandabuza malunga namayeza, iziphumo zawo ezingalindelekanga, okanye umlutha wawo, thetha ngawo ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yenza njalo ngokunciphisa kancinci kancinci umthamo phantsi kweliso likagqirha wakho.
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