Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-anesthesia ngexesha le-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, okanye utyando yingxaki enkulu kubantu abaninzi. Ukungakhululeki okuzivayo ngamaxesha anje kuyabaxa. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo oluthile lwamayeza ugqirha wakho aza kukunika wona ukulawula le meko. La mayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-serotonin antagonists . Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ziyobisi, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye noko kufuneka sikuqaphele xa siwasebenzisa.
Yintoni le nto ichasene ne-serotonin?
Ngamafutshane, la liqela lamayeza amiselwe ngugqirha ukuthintela nokunyanga isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza. Ngokwezonyango, sibiza amayeza okulwa nokugabha ngokuthi ngamayeza anikwa isicaphucaphu. Ngoko ke, ii-serotonin antagonists zezinye zezo qela lamayeza.
Olu didi lwamayeza lwaziwa ngamagama amaninzi:
- Abachasi be-serotonin-receptor
- Ii-receptor antagonists ze-5HT3
- Izithinteli zeSerotonin
Nangona la magama esenokubonakala entsonkothile, onke athetha into enye. Oko kukuthi, athintela ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin emizimbeni yethu ngaxa lithile. Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto ngokucacileyo kamva.
Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zamayeza kolu didi?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza kolu didi. Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukunike enye yala mayeza. La mayeza angathathwa njengeepilisi okanye njengeenaliti.
| Igama eliqhelekileyo | Igama lophawu oluqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| I-Ondansetron | I-Zofran® |
| IGranisetron | I-Kytril® |
| I-Dolasetron | I-Anzemet® |
| I-Palonosetron | I-Aloxi® |
Phakathi kwezi , i-Ondansetron (iZofran®) yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoogqirha ukuthintela isicaphucaphu, eSri Lanka nakwihlabathi liphela.
Kuphantsi kweziphi iimeko apho eli yeza lisetyenziswa khona?
Eli yeza livunyiwe kakhulu ukuthintela isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ziindlela ezithile zonyango.
Ukusetyenziswa okuvunyiweyo kakhulu:
- Isicaphucaphu esibangelwa yi-chemotherapy: Xa amayeza okulwa nomhlaza engena emzimbeni, kukho amathuba aphezulu okucaphucaphu nokugabha. La mayeza anceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni esi sifo.
- Isicaphucaphu esibangelwa lunyango lwemitha: Isicaphucaphu sinokubakho ngexesha lonyango lwemitha ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ezi zikwanikezelwa nakwezo meko.
- Isicaphucaphu emva kotyando: Eli yeza likwasetyenziselwa ukulawula isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza okubangelwa ziziphumo ze-anesthesia emva kotyando.
Eli yeza linikwa ngokufanelekileyo kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana.
Ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa (Ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kweleyibhile):
Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha, ngokusekelwe kumava abo kwezonyango, banika la mayeza kwezinye iimeko ngaphandle kwezo zivunyiweyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'kukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kweleyibhile'.
- Ukunyanga isicaphucaphu emva kotyando: Eli yeza linikwa ukuthintela isicaphucaphu nasemva kokuba sivele.
- Ukucaphuka kwasekuseni: Abanye abantu bafumana isicaphucaphu esinzima kunye nokuhlanza ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni. Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi, eli yeza linokunikelwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha.
Lisebenza njani eli yeza? Makhe silijonge ngokwesayensi.
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuba yintoni i-'serotonin' kunye nokuba yintoni 'ii-serotonin receptors'.
Cinga ngale ndlela: i-serotonin sisithunywa, okanye i-neurotransmitter, emizimbeni yethu. Esi sithunywa sinceda ekulawuleni izinto ezininzi, kuquka isimo sethu sengqondo, ukulala, kunye nokugaya ukutya. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-90% yale serotonin ifumaneka eludongeni lwesisu sethu namathumbu (inkqubo yesisu).
Ngoku, kwenzeka njani isicaphucaphu? Ngenxa yento efana nonyango lomhlaza, iiseli emathunjini ethu zikhupha ngequbuliso inani elikhulu le-serotonin. Le serotonin igqithisileyo ibopha kwii-receptors emathunjini ize ithumele umyalezo engqondweni wokuba "kukho into engaqhelekanga eyenzekayo apha." Ingqondo itolika lo myalezo ngokuthi "isicaphucaphu."
Ngamafutshane, imbangela ephambili yesicaphucaphu kukukhululwa kakhulu kwe-serotonin emathunjini.
Ngoko ke yintoni eyenziwa sisiyobisi 'serotonin antagonist' esikunika sona? Esi siyobisi sifana nesitshixo esingalunganga kwisitshixo. Singena kwisitshixo (receptor), kodwa asiyisebenzisi isitshixo. Kwakhona, kuba singaphakathi kwisitshixo, asivumeli isitshixo esifanelekileyo (serotonin) ukuba singene size siqhagamshele kwisitshixo.
Oko kukuthi, eli yeza lithintela ii-receptor ze-5-HT3 ezibotshelelwa yi-serotonin. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-serotonin engaphezulu ayinandawo yokuya nokubotshelelwa kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, umyalezo wokugabha engqondweni uyaphela, kwaye ukuziva unesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza kuncipha.
Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo?
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, la mayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci, kodwa ezi azisoloko zimbi kakhulu.
| Imiphumela | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Esi sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo esingalindelekanga kwaye sidla ngokuncipha xa amayeza eqhubeka esetyenziswa. |
| Ukudinwa/ukozela | Usenokuziva udiniwe okanye ulele. |
| Ukuqhinwa | Eli yeza linokubangela ubunzima ekuphumeni kwendle. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi nokutya ukutya okunefayibha eninzi kunokunceda koku. |
Ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziyakukhathaza kakhulu, thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ezikhethekileyo ekufuneka uziqaphele?
Nangona olu hlobo lwamayeza luhlala lukhuselekile, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka sizilumkele ngakumbi.
Iingxaki zeNtliziyo
Oogqirha balumkile kakhulu xa benika eli yeza kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo kuba linokuba nefuthe elincinci kwisingqisho sentliziyo. Ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho.
- Isifo se-Long QT
- Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (i-Ventricular arrhythmia)
- Naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo
I-Serotonin Syndrome - Oku kubaluleke kakhulu!
Le yimeko embi kakhulu, kodwa engaqhelekanga kakhulu, eyenzeka xa amanqanaba e-serotonin emizimbeni yethu eba phezulu kakhulu.
Lo mngcipheko unokwanda ukuba uthatha amanye amayeza achaphazela amanqanaba e-serotonin (afana namanye amayeza okudakumba) ngelixa uthatha ii-serotonin antagonists. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa la mayeza evala ii-serotonin receptors, ubungakanani be-serotonin ekhululekileyo egazini buyanda.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba usebenzisa la mayeza alandelayo:
- Ii-SSRI
- Ii-SNRI
- I-Mirtazapine
- Izithinteli ze-Monoamine oxidase (ii-MAOI)
Zithini iimpawu ze-serotonin syndrome? Ezi mpawu zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima.
| Iimpawu zeSerotonin Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezincinci |
|
| Iimpawu eziphakathi | |
| Iimpawu eziqatha (kufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele ngoko nangoko) | |
Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Sebenzisa ngexesha lokukhulelwa (Ukukhulelwa)
La mayeza awanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko omkhulu weziphene zokuzalwa kwimveku xa esetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kukho ukwanda okuncinci komngcipheko weziphene ezithile zentliziyo nengqondo. Ke ngoko, ukuba uyawadinga la mayeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngezibonelelo kunye neengozi ngaphambi kokuba enze isigqibo.
Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?
Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa eli yeza, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ujonge ukusebenza kakuhle kweyeza. Ukongeza, thetha nogqirha wakho kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyakukhathaza: Ukuba izinto ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu kunye nokuqhinwa zikhathaza kakhulu ukuba ungalawula.
- Ukuba isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza azipheli: Ukuba isicaphucaphu asipheli okanye siba mandundu nangona usela amayeza.
- Ukuba ufuna ukuyeka ukusebenzisa amayeza: Ungaze uyeke ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kokubuza ugqirha wakho.
Isicaphucaphu siyinto ecaphukisayo kakhulu. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho amayeza asebenzayo, anjengee-serotonin antagonists, ukuze ayilawule. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antiserotonin antagonists ludidi olusebenzayo kakhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukulawula isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangelwa lunyango lomhlaza, unyango lwemitha, kunye notyando.
- Qiniseka ukuba uyamazisa ugqirha wakho malunga nazo zonke ezinye iindlela ozithathileyo kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo (ingakumbi isifo sentliziyo).
- Qaphela iimpawu zesifo esibi esibizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin syndrome (umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuxhuzula, ukungazinzi okukhulu). Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyenzeka, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Ungaze uqale okanye uyeke ukusebenzisa eli yeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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