Sonke sisebenzisa igama elithi 'ukothuka' xa simangalisiwe okanye sisoyika. Kodwa kwezonyango, 'ukothuka' yimeko engxamisekileyo enzulu kakhulu, esongela ubomi. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubuhamba esitratweni uze ubone umntu elele phantsi engozini, okanye ukuba umntu ekhaya ngequbuliso wawa engqondweni, ubuya kwenza ntoni? Kwimeko enjalo, ukungoyiki nokwazi kakuhle into omawuyenze kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi bomntu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba 'kukothuka' kunye noncedo lokuqala esifanele silunike ngexesha elinjalo.
Yintoni kanye kanye le 'shock'?
Ngamafutshane, ukothuka kwenzeka xa iiseli emzimbeni wethu zingafumani umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weoksijini. Kanye njengokuba injini yemoto ima xa iphelelwa yipetroli, xa amalungu omzimba wethu ephelelwa yioksijini, aqala kancinci ukuphelelwa kukusebenza. Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, iiseli ziqala ukufa. Oku kunokukhokelela kumonakalo ongunaphakade kumalungu amakhulu anje ngengqondo, intliziyo, nezintso, kwanokufa.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukothuka yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango esongela ubomi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu ukule meko, fowunela i-1990 Suwaseriya Ambulance Service ngoko nangoko okanye umse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomothuko?
Ukothuka kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezine eziphambili ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Ngamanye amaxesha, uncedo lokuqala esilunikayo lunokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kolu hlobo.
| Uhlobo loMngcipheko | Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzekayo... |
|---|---|
| Ukothuka kwentliziyo | Intliziyo iyayeka ukupompa igazi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. |
| Umothuko wokusasaza | Ukungakwazi kwemithambo yegazi yethu ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Oku kunokwenzeka kwiimeko zosulelo olunzima (sepsis) okanye i-allergy enzima (anaphylaxis). |
| Ukwehla komthamo wegazi (iHypovolemic Shock) | Ukulahleka kwegazi okanye ulwelo olwaneleyo ukugcina umzimba ushukuma. Oku kunokwenzeka xa kukho ukopha okugqithisileyo ngenxa yokwenzakala okukhulu okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. |
| Umothuko Othintelayo | Into ecinezela intliziyo okanye umthambo omkhulu wegazi, ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi. |
Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokuba nezi ntlobo zingaphezulu kwenye ngaxeshanye.
Zithini iimpawu zokothuka? Ukubona njani oko?
Ukuba umntu ungena kwimeko 'yokukhwankqiswa', unokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi.
- Ukuziva unesizungu, udidekile, kwaye udidekile.
- Ukuquleka.
- Ukubila okugqithisileyo.
- Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo kunye nobuthathaka bentliziyo (mhlawumbi nokungabikho kwentliziyo konke konke).
- Ulusu luba mhlophe, lubanda, kwaye lube mdaka.
- Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla kunye nokuphefumla kancinci (mhlawumbi nokuyekisa ukuphefumla).
- Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye nokungcangcazela.
Ukuba umntu ukhathazekile, zeziphi izinto zokuqala esifanele sizenze?
Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba yintoni ekufuneka siyenze inyathelo ngenyathelo kwimeko efana nale.
1. Okokuqala qinisekisa ukhuseleko lwakho nolwesigulana.
Ngaphambi kokuba uncede, qiniseka ukuba nobabini nikwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ingozi yenzeke phakathi kwendlela exakekileyo, nizise nobabini kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ukuba kunokwenzeka.
2. Cela uncedo ngoko nangoko!
Nje ukuba kukhuselekile, fowunela ku-1990. Okanye ubize umntu okufutshane. Ukuba akukho mntu ufumanekayo, zinzisa ixhoba kangangoko unako kwaye kuphela njengesisombululo sokugqibela, shiya loo ndawo ubize uncedo.
Akukaze kube kudala ukucela uncedo. Khumbula ukuba umntu othukile unokuba mandundu nangaliphi na ixesha.
3. Musa ukwenza ezi mpazamo!
- Musa ukunika umntu ongazi nto ukutya okanye ukusela, ingakumbi ukuba ungamniki nto ngomlomo.
- Ukuba kukho nantoni na erhanelekayo yokwenzakala entloko, entanyeni, okanye emqolo, musa ukuyishukumisa isigulane (kodwa yisuse ngononophelo kuphela xa isengozini yokwenzakala ngakumbi).
- Ukuba ubona ithambo elaphukileyo, musa ukuyishukumisa loo ndawo. Zama ukugcina isigulane singashukumi kangangoko.
4. Jonga indlela ye-ABC
Ukuba umntu akakho zingqondweni, kufuneka siqale sijonge ii-ABC kuqala.
- A - Indlela yomoya: Jonga ukuba indlela yakhe yomoya (umlomo, impumlo, umphimbo) ivulekile na kwaye kukho into evalekileyo. Phakamisa isilevu sakhe kancinci ukuze kube lula ukuphefumla.
- B - Ukuphefumla: Jonga ukuba uyaphefumla na. Jonga ukuba isifuba sakhe siyaphakama okanye siyawa na, kwaye nokuba umoya uyaphuma na empumlweni yakhe.
- C - Ukujikeleza kwegazi: Jonga ukuba igazi liyajikeleza na.
Kubalulekile ukujonga ezi zinto ngolu hlobo, kuba ukuba indlela yomoya ivaliwe, awukwazi ukuphefumla, kwaye ukuba awuphefumli, ubomi bakho bunokuba semngciphekweni kwimizuzu embalwa.
Ukuba uyaphefumla...
Ukuba isigulana siyaphefumla, qaphela nayiphi na ingozi enokubakho ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Ukuyeka ukopha yeyona nto iphambili, ingakumbi ukuba kukho inxeba elopha kakhulu.
- Faka uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo enxebeni: Beka ilaphu elicocekileyo okanye ibhandishi phezu kwenxeba uze ucinezele ngamandla ngesandla sakho. Cinezela ngokuqinileyo, nokuba kubuhlungu. Qhubeka usebenzisa olu xinzelelo ide ifike i-ambulensi.
- Ukupakisha: Gcwalisa inxeba nge-gauze okanye ngelaphu elicocekileyo. Emva koko faka uxinzelelo oluqinileyo phezulu. Kule ndawo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukopha kunokuxhalabela usulelo.
- I-Tourniquet (yeenxeba zengalo okanye zemilenze kuphela): Le nto mayisetyenziswe kuphela njengesisombululo sokugqibela. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukopha kakhulu ngokukhawuleza okanye ukubonelela nge-CPR.
Ukuba akaphefumli...
Ukuba isigulana asiphefumli, i-CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) kufuneka iqalwe ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho inxeba elibi kakhulu elophayo, kufuneka limiswe kuqala ngaphambi kokuba i-CPR iqalwe.
Qhubeka ne-CPR ide ifike i-ambulensi okanye ifumaneke i-AED (Automated External Defibrillator). Ukwenza i-CPR kuyadinisa kakhulu, ngoko tshintshanani ngokuyenza nomnye umntu ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda umntu othukile
- Gcina umzimba ufudumele: Gquma isigulana ngengubo okanye ijakethi.
- Phakamisa imilenze yakho malunga ne-intshi ezili-12: Kodwa musa ukwenza oku ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho ukwenzakala entloko , entanyeni , emqolo, esinqeni, okanye emlenzeni . Ukuphakamisa imilenze yakho kunceda ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nengqondo nesifuba. Musa ukuphakamisa intloko yakho .
- Nyanga izizathu ezithile: Ukuba umntu wothukile ngenxa ye-allergy enzima (i-anaphylaxis), jonga ukuba unayo na i-epinephrine auto-injector (efana ne-EpiPen) kwaye uyisebenzise ukuba unayo.
- Indawo yokuchacha: Ukuba isigulana siyahlanza, sine-mucus okanye igazi eliphuma emlonyeni, sijike ngononophelo siye ecaleni, ugcine umqolo waso, intamo kunye nentloko zithe tye. Xhasa intloko yaso ngengalo esezantsi, yoluliwe.
Kwimeko enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungoyiki. Uxanduva lwakho lokuqala kukujonga indawo engqongileyo ukuze ubone ukuba ikhuselekile na uze ucele uncedo ngoko nangoko. Ezi zinto zincinci ozenzayo zinethuba elikhulu lokusindisa ubomi bomntu. Hlala ukhumbula, emva kokunika uncedo lokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubonise isigulana kugqirha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu uphazamisekile, qala uqinisekise ukhuseleko lwakho kwaye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane uncedo.
- Jonga indlela yomoya, ukuphefumla, kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi kwesigulana ngolandelelwano lwe-ABC.
- Ukuba kukho inxeba elopha kakhulu, zama ukulimisa ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na.
- Musa ukunika umntu into yokutya okanye yokusela nangasiphi na isizathu.
- Gcina isigulane sifudumele kwaye sikhululekile ide ifike i-ambulensi. Ukuba akukho mngcipheko emqolo okanye entloko, gcina imilenze iphakanyisiwe kancinci.
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