Ngaba ukhathazekile ngesingqisho sentliziyo yakho? Masifunde ngeShort QT Syndrome (SQTS)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva unesizungu, isifuba sakho siyabetha, okanye uzive ngathi ulahlekelwa zingqondo ngaphandle kwesizathu? Nangona sicinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho isizathu esinzulu ngakumbi emva kwezi mpawu esingasaziyo. Namhlanje sithetha ngesifo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esinokuba sibaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yiShort QT Syndrome, okanye i-SQTS ngamafutshane.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS)?

I-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) yimeko yentliziyo engaqhelekanga kakhulu, eyenzeka ngokwemfuza. Kulapho isingqisho sentliziyo yethu singahambelaniyo. Ngamafutshane, emva kokuba intliziyo yethu ibethe kube kanye, kuthatha ikhefu elifutshane ukulungiselela isingqi esilandelayo. Kufana nebhendi yerabha etsalwayo ize ikhululwe, ize ibuyele endaweni yayo. Kumntu one-SQTS, olu qhekeko, okanye ukuchacha, lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okanye mfutshane kakhulu kunomntu oqhelekileyo.

Oku sikubiza ngokwezonyango ngokuthi "ukunciphisa ixesha le-QT" yentliziyo. Oku kukhawuleza kunokubangela iingxaki ezithile kwinkqubo yokubonisa umbane yentliziyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isigqi sentliziyo singahambelani. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"arrhythmia". Oku kunokubangela ukuba uzive unesizungu, utyhafile, kwaye ube neentlungu esifubeni. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, intliziyo inokuyeka ukubetha ngequbuliso (ukuma kwentliziyo). Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Masiqonde kakuhle ukuba yintoni i-QT interval?

Ngaba wakha wavavanywa i-ECG? Uza kubona igrafu yomgca kwingxelo enyuka ihla. Yindlela oogqirha abalinganisa ngayo umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo yethu. Cinga nge-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) njengomatshini orekhoda imiqondiso yombane yentliziyo yethu.

Intliziyo yethu ibetha sisebenzisa imiqondiso yombane. Amagumbi aphezulu (i-atria) kunye namagumbi asezantsi (i-mitra) entliziyo ayafinyela kwaye ampompa igazi ngenxa yezi miqondiso zombane. Le nkqubo imelwe ngamaza e-P, Q, R, S, kunye ne-T kwi-ECG.

• I-P wave: Oku kuvela xa amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo (atria) efinyela.
• I-QRS complex: Oku kwenzeka xa amagumbi asezantsi (iiseli) zentliziyo zifinyela.
• I-T wave: Oku kwenzeka xa ii-ventricles zibuyela kwisimo sazo esiqhelekileyo kwaye zilungiselela ukuqina okulandelayo.

"Isithuba se-QT" lixesha eliqala ekuqaleni kwe-QRS complex ukuya ekupheleni kwe-T wave. Oku kulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuba amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo anciphe aze aphumle kwakhona ukuze abuyele esiqhelweni.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ixesha le-QT lomntu ophilileyo liphakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.35 neyi-0.45. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu one-SQTS, eli xesha lingaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34. Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo ilungiselela ukubetha okulandelayo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Long QT kunye ne-Short QT?

Oku kubalulekile nakuwe. Kukho imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiShort QT kunye neLong QT Syndrome.

• I-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS): Ixesha le-QT lifutshane ngokungaqhelekanga (ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34). Intliziyo iphinda ibuyele esiqhelweni ngokukhawuleza .
• I-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS): Ixesha le-QT lide ngokungaqhelekanga (lingaphezulu kwemizuzwana eyi-0.45). Intliziyo ithatha ixesha elide ukuchacha.

Zombini ezi meko zinokubangela iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo.

Ngubani ofumana le meko? Zithini izizathu?

I-SQTS yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Akukho zibalo zichanekileyo zokuba bangaphi abantu emhlabeni abanayo. Sisifo semfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokufunyanwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Okanye sinokwenzeka kumntu ongenalo naliphi na imbali yosapho, njengotshintsho olutsha lwemfuza.

Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba ezi mpawu zihlala zibonakala kunyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana. Emva koko, iimpawu zinokuphinda zivele xa umntwana emdala, phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zoku?

Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-SQTS abaya kuba neempawu. Abanye abantu baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweempawu. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, zinokubonakala ngolu hlobo.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, abanye abantu (malunga nababini kwabahlanu) baqala ukufunyanwa bene-SQTS emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo ngequbuliso.

Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?

Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Emva koko, ukuba bacinga ukuba une-SQTS, baya kuyalela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Lulinganisa ixesha lakho le-QT. Ukuba lingaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34, kwaye ukuba unezinye iimpawu, i-SQTS isenokukrokrelwa.
• Uvavanyo lweMfuzo: Oku kunokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho utshintsho lwemfuza olubangela i-SQTS.

Iphathwa njani?

I-SQTS inyangwa ngugqirha wentliziyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.

1. I-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): Esi sisixhobo esincinci. Sifakwa ngotyando phantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba kufutshane nentliziyo. Sifana nesithinteli esincinci sentliziyo. Lo matshini uhlala ujonga isigqi sentliziyo. Ukuba kwenzeka isigqi esiyingozi nesingaqhelekanga, uyasibona aze abangele ukubetheka kombane okuncinci entliziyweni, okubuyisela isingqisho. Olu lolona nyango luthembekileyo kubantu abadala.

2. Amayeza: Kukho amayeza okulwa nokubetha kwentliziyo anikwa ukulawula isingqisho sentliziyo. Umzekelo, iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-quinidine linceda ekuqheleni ixesha le-QT. Ugqirha wakho angakunika amanye amayeza, anjenge-beta-blockers.

Le meko ibuchaphazela njani ubomi bakho?

Le yingxaki ebucayi. Abanye abantu abane-SQTS basengozini yokufa ngesiquphe ngenxa yentliziyo. Kuthiwa le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka eyi-0-1 kunye neyi-20-40. Xa usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa luchaphazeleka yile meko, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yiSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu one-SQTS unalo mngcipheko.

Uninzi lwabantu luphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusempilweni ngonyango olufanelekileyo (ingakumbi i-ICD implantation) kwaye lulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wabo. Abanye abantu basenokungaze babe nazo iimpawu. Ekubeni esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga, uphando lusaqhubeka. Ngoko ke eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho wentliziyo kwaye ulawule ubomi bakho ngendlela ehambelana nesimo sakho.

Ngaba singayiphepha le ngozi?

Ngenxa yokuba i-SQTS yimeko yemfuza, akukho ndlela yokuba siyithintele ukuba ingenzeki. Yinto engaphaya kwamandla ethu.

Kodwa ukuba ufunyaniswe une-SQTS, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho wentliziyo rhoqo kwaye ufumane uhlolo rhoqo. Uza kujonga impilo yentliziyo yakho rhoqo aze akunike iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunekayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu, ezifana nokuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso.