Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba le nkqubo yamathambo engaphakathi kwentloko yakho, i-khakhayi, ibaluleke kangakanani? Ayisiyo nje inqwaba yamathambo. Ifana nenqaba ekhusela ilungu elibuthathaka kakhulu njengengqondo yethu. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa amalungu ethu aphambili eemvakalelo afana namehlo, iindlebe, kunye nempumlo nawo akwi-khakhayi. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe kancinci nzulu ngesi sakhiwo simangalisayo.
Xa sizalwa, ukhakhayi lwethu alukakhiwa ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye iindawo zalo, ngakumbi "ii-fontanelles" eziphezu kwentloko yomntwana, zithambile kakhulu. Ngokwezonyango, sizibiza ngokuba "zii-fontanelles". Oku kuthamba kuvumela ingqondo yomntwana kunye nokhakhayi ukuba kukhule ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, kukho iindawo apho amathambo okhakhayi adibana khona. Siwabiza ngokuba "zii-sutures". Ezinye zezi zixhumanisi zidityaniswa xa sisebancinci, kodwa ezinye zisenokungadibani de sibe neminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
Zeziphi iingenelo ezisinikwa zii-skulls?
Ngamafutshane, ukhakhayi lwenza imisebenzi emibini ephambili.
- Ukhuseleko: Njengesigcina-ntloko esilungileyo, amathambo aqinileyo ekhayeni lethu asebenza kunye ukukhusela amalungu ethu axabisekileyo, abuthathaka, njengengqondo yethu, amehlo, neendlebe, kwiingozi zangaphandle.
- Imo kunye nolwakhiwo: Ubuso nentloko zethu zifumana imo yazo eyahlukileyo ngenxa yentloko. Kwakhona, izihlunu ebusweni zinamathele kwintloko. Ngenxa yoko, xa sincuma, sithetha, kwaye siveza iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ngobuso bethu, intloko sisiseko sazo zonke ezo zinto.
Kukho iindawo ezimbini eziphambili zekhakayi...
Nangona ukhakhayi lwethu lufana nethambo elinye, eneneni lwenziwe ngamacandelo amabini aphambili.
1. I-cranial vault okanye i-neurocranium: Le yinxalenye ejikeleze kwaye ikhusela ubuchopho bethu. Le yinto esihlala sicinga ngayo xa sisithi "ukhakhayi."
2. Ulusu lobuso okanye i-viscerocranium: Njengoko igama lisitsho, le ndawo kulapho kwakhiwe khona ulwakhiwo lobuso bethu. La mathambo axhasa iindawo ezifana namehlo, impumlo, nomlomo.
Ngoku makhe sijonge amathambo kula macandelo mabini ngokwahlukeneyo. Nangona la magama esenokubonakala entsonkothile kancinci, kulula kakhulu ukuwaqonda xa sele uwazi apho akhoyo.
Amathambo egumbi lomqolo
Le nxalenye yeyona nto ikhuselayo ejikeleze ubuchopho.
| Igama lethambo | Kalula nje, iphi? |
|---|---|
| Ithambo langaphambili | Eli lithambo elinye elenza ibunzi lakho. |
| Ithambo le-sphenoid | Ifumaneka ngezantsi naphambi kwengqondo, kodwa ingasemva kwamathambo obuso. Ikwanceda ekwakheni icala elingaphantsi kweso lakho. |
| Ithambo le-Ethmoid | Oku kufumaneka ngaphantsi kwengqondo, ngaphambili, kuzalisa indawo engenanto ekhakhayini. |
| Amathambo exeshana | La mathambo mabini akwicala lentloko, apho kukho iindlebe. Imingxunya ekhokelela ezindlebeni ikwila mathambo. |
| Amathambo e-parietal | La mathambo mabini ayadibana ukuze enze umphezulu, umphakathi, kunye nomphezulu womqolo wentloko. |
| Ithambo le-occipital | Eli lithambo elinye ngasemva, ezantsi kwekhakayi. |
Amathambo omqolo wobuso
La mathambo xa edibene anika ubuso bethu imo kunye noxhaso.
| Igama lethambo | Kalula nje, iphi? |
|---|---|
| Amathambo empumlo | Ibhuloho yempumlo yakho yenziwe ngala mathambo. |
| Ukuhlafuna | Oku kufana nomgangatho wempumlo emva kwempumlo. |
| Amathambo e-lacrimal | La mathambo enza inxalenye engaphakathi, ephakathi, nesezantsi yeso. |
| Amathambo ePalatine | Inxalenye encinci yecala elingaphakathi lesokisi yeliso. |
| Amathambo e-Zygomatic | La ngamathambo akho ezihlathi. Akwadala umphetho ongaphandle, ongezantsi weso lakho. |
| IMaxilla | Eli thambo linye lenza umhlathi wakho ongaphezulu kunye nenxalenye ephakathi yezidlele zakho. |
| I-Mandible | Lo ngumhlathi wakho ongezantsi. Lo kuphela kwethambo elishukumayo ekhayeni lakho . Lona lithambo elishukumayo xa usitya naxa uthetha. |
Izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela ukhakhayi
Zininzi izifo kunye neemeko ezinokuchaphazela ukhakhayi lwethu. Ezinye zizalwa nazo. Oku kuthetha ukuba sizalwa nazo ezo meko.
Eminye imizekelo yeemeko zokuzalwa yi-'Anencephaly', 'Apert syndrome', 'Craniosynostosis', 'Encephalocele' kunye ne-'Microcephaly'. Ezi zihlala zichongwa ngoogqirha xa bezalwa.
Kwakhona, kukho iimeko neengozi ezinokuvela nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini.
- Iingxaki zamalungu e-temporomandibular
- Iithumba zomhlathi kunye nomhlaza
- Ukwenzakala emhlathini, umzekelo, umhlathi owaphukileyo okanye ophumileyo
- Ukuqhekeka kwentloko kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okunxulumene noko (iiTBI)
Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yolusu?
Iimpawu zingahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwingxaki ekwikhakayi.
Kwiimeko zokuzalwa, utshintsho kwinkangeleko yekhakhayi okanye ubuso zezona zibalulekileyo zibonwayo.
Kwiimeko ezilandelayo, iimpawu ezinjalo zinokubonakala:
- Intloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi iintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo
- Isandi "sokunqakraza" okanye intlungu kumhlathi xa uvula okanye uvala umlomo
- Ukuba ingqondo ichaphazelekile, iimeko ezinje ngokudideka okanye i-coma zinokwenzeka.
- Ukugruzuka, ingakumbi kufutshane namehlo (oku kungaba luphawu oluphambili lokuqhekeka kwentloko)
Uvavanyo lokufumanisa iingxaki ezinjalo
Uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwemifanekiso lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuxilonga iingxaki zesikhumba.
- Ii-X-ray, kuquka ii-X-ray zamazinyo
- Iiskeni ze-CT
- Iskeni se-MRI `(MRI)`
Ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kwengxaki yokuzalwa, oogqirha banokukuthumela kuvavanyo lwemfuza. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olukulungeleyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye nemeko yakho.
Singayinyamekela njani i-skull yethu?
Eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza kukukhusela eli krele elixabisekileyo elikhusela ingqondo yethu ekonzakaleni.
- Nxiba amabhanti esihlalo rhoqo xa ukhwela izithuthi. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukwenzakala entloko kwingozi yemoto.
- Nxiba iihelmethi kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuzikhusela. Ukunxiba ihelmethi kubalulekile xa ukhwela iibhayisekile, iibhayisekile, nakweminye imisebenzi.
- Bona ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo. Ekubeni amazinyo kunye nomhlathi zidibene ngqo nekhakayi, naziphi na iingxaki ngamazinyo okanye umhlathi zinokubonwa ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzulu.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezingapheliyo. Ukuba unengxaki ngentloko yakho, amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, okanye umlomo ekudala iqhubeka, musa ukuyityeshela. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lwesifo esichaphazela ukhakhayi okanye ingqondo. Ngoko ke bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ikhaka lakho aliloqela nje lamathambo; liqokobhe lendalo elikhusela ingqondo yakho kunye namalungu omzimba abalulekileyo eemvakalelo.
- Ikhakayi lenziwe ngamathambo amaninzi ahlukeneyo adibeneyo. Ithambo elilodwa elikulo elinokunyakaza ngumhlathi ongezantsi (i-mandible).
- Nakuphi na ukwenzakala entloko kufuneka kuphathwe nzulu. Ukuba wenzakele entloko, ingakumbi ukuba awukho zingqondweni okanye uyahlanza, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukhuseleko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Nxiba ibhanti xa uqhuba, isigcina-ntloko xa uqhuba ibhayisekile. Ezi zinto zilula zingasindisa ubomi bakho.
- Ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo okanye intlungu yomhlathi, musa ukuyityeshela uze ubone ugqirha.
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