Uninzi lwethu luhlala luhlangabezana neengxaki ezifana nesitshiso sentliziyo, ukungagayi kakuhle kokutya, kunye ne-gastritis, akunjalo? Sihlala sizama ukwenza iyeza lasekhaya, okanye sithathe ipilisi encinci ukuze sithomalalise iintlungu. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu, esicinga ukuba zincinci, zinokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esinzima ngakumbi, esibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesisu. Ungakhathazeki, ayizizo zonke iingxaki zesisu ezingumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sikuqaphele oku. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngomhlaza wesisu, okanye 'umhlaza wesisu'.
Kalula nje, yintoni umhlaza wesisu?
Umhlaza wesisu kuxa iiseli esiswini sethu, oko kukuthi, isisu, ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Njengokhula, ezi seli zomhlaza ziyahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisasazeke, zitshabalalisa iiseli eziphilileyo.
Lo mhlaza ungakhula naphi na esiswini. Kodwa uxhaphake kakhulu kwindawo apho ukutya esikutyayo kuhamba khona, i-esophagus, apho idibana khona nesisu. Le meko idla ngokuqala ngaphakathi kodonga lwesisu. Ikhula kancinci ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukuba ayinyangwa, la maseli omhlaza anokukhula kunye ukuze enze ithumba , akhulele nzulu eludongeni lwesisu, aze asasazeke (aqhubeke nokukhula) kumalungu akufutshane anjengesibindi kunye nepancreas.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nomhlaza wesisu, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci.
- Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65: Njengoko sikhula, iiseli zomzimba wethu zinokutshintsha ngakumbi.
- Kumadoda: Amadoda anamathuba amancinci okufumana esi sifo kunabafazi.
- Amanye amaqela eentlanga: Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, njengaseMpuma Yurophu. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yeendlela zokutya kunye nefuthe lemfuza.
Kufuneka sikhathazeke ngesi sifo kumazwe afana neSri Lanka. Umhlaza wesisu lolunye lweentlobo zomhlaza ezixhaphakileyo ehlabathini.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Ungasibona njani?
Eyona ngxaki inkulu apha kukuba umhlaza wesisu awusoloko ubonisa zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza usenokuba sele udlule ngexesha iimpawu zibonakala. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.
Khawuthelekelele uziva ugcwele emva kokutya, okanye unemvakalelo yokutsha esiswini sakho. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi "gastritis." Kodwa ukuba ezi zinto ziyaqhubeka zenzeka, kwaye ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu , musa ukuzityeshela. Ezo ziimpawu ezimbini eziphambili zokuqala zomhlaza wesisu.
Masifunde ngokucacileyo ngezi mpawu kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uphawu | Ivakalelwa njani le nto? |
|---|---|
| Umnqweno wokutya | Uphelelwa ngumnqweno wokutya. Nokuba ukutya obukade ukunandipha kuya kuba mnandi. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya | Ndiva ngathi umqala wam ubambekile xa ndiginya ukutya. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uza kunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokutshintsha indlela otya ngayo okanye owuzilolonga ngayo. |
| Intlungu yesisu | Ndiziva iintlungu ezingapheliyo kunye nokungonwabi esiswini esingaphezulu, ngaphezulu kweqhosha lesisu sam. |
| Ukuziva ugcwele nangona emva kokutya kancinci | Nokuba nditya into encinci njengerayisi encinci okanye ibhisikithi, isisu sam sivakala sigcwele kakhulu. |
| Ukudumba kwesisu kunye nokungagayi kakuhle kokutya | Ukudumba okungapheliyo okufana ne-gastritis kunye nokungagayi kakuhle kokutya. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ndihlala ndiziva ndinesicaphucaphu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndide ndihlanze. |
| Indle emnyama okanye igazi elihlanzayo | Olu luphawu olubi kakhulu.Ukuba indle yakho iba mnyama njengetha okanye uhlanza igazi, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo, ezifana ne-gastritis kunye nezilonda zesisu. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ezo mpawu.
Kutheni umhlaza wesisu uvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Umhlaza wesisu uvela xa utshintsho lwemfuza luvela kwi-DNA yeeseli zesisu. Ngamafutshane, imiyalelo exelela iiseli ukuba "ziza kwahlukana nini kwaye zife nini" iyaphazama. Emva koko ezo seli zahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo zize zibe ngumhlaza.
Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo wolu tshintsho lwemfuza ungekafunyanwa, zininzi izinto eziye zachongwa ezonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.
- *Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)* Ukosuleleka yintsholongwane: Le yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza wesisu. Le ntsholongwane ihlala esiswini sethu kwaye inokonakalisa udonga lwesisu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ibangele isifo segastritis, izilonda zesisu, kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe ngumhlaza.
- Isifo seGastritis kunye nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Isifo segastritis esihlala ixesha elide kunye neemeko ezibangela ukuba i-asidi yesisu ibuyele kwi-esophagus zinokubangela utshintsho kwiiseli zodonga lwesisu.
- Ukutya okungenampilo: Abantu abatya rhoqo ukutya okunetyuwa, okunamafutha, okutshayiweyo, nokutyiweyo basengozini enkulu. Kwakhona, ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno embalwa kwandisa umngcipheko.
- Ukutshaya notywala: Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba ziya ngqo esiswini kwaye zonakalisa iiseli. Kunjalo nangokusela utywala obuninzi.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, utata, umntakwenu okanye umntakwabo) ukhe waba nomhlaza wesisu, nawe usenokuba sengozini.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu: Utshintsho kwiihomoni kunye neemeko zokudumba ezibangelwa kukutyeba kakhulu emzimbeni kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
- Izifo ezithile zemfuza: Abantu abanezifo zemfuza ezingaqhelekanga, ezizuzwe njengelifa ezifana ne-*Lynch syndrome* kunye ne-*Li-Fraumeni syndrome* nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wesisu.
- Uhlobo lwegazi: Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi A bafunyenwe benomngcipheko ophezulu kancinci wokuba nalo mhlaza, kodwa isizathu soku asikacaci.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa isifo?
Ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola aze akuthumelele ezi mvavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- I-Endoscopy (I-Endoscopy Ephezulu):Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo lokufumanisa umhlaza wesisu. Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo ngomlomo kwaye kuhlolwa i-esophagus, isisu, kwaye inxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci iyahlolwa. Ukuba kukho indawo ekrokrisayo, isixhobo esincinci sidluliselwa kwityhubhu kwaye kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu (i-biopsy) lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza.
- I-Endoscopic Ultrasound: Oku kufana ne-endoscopy, kodwa kusetyenziswa ne-ultrasound scanner kunye nekhamera. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani eludongeni lwesisu.
- Uvavanyo lweRadiologic:
- I-CT Scan: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yomzimba ukuze kuchongwe ubungakanani bomhlaza kunye nokuba usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
- Ukuginya kweBarium: Kolu vavanyo, kuginywa ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-barium. Xa olu lwelo lusetyenziswa eludongeni lwesisu, i-X-ray ingathathwa ukuze kubonwe ngokucacileyo imo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwesisu.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ukuba umhlaza uchaphazele ezinye izitho zomzimba, ezifana nesibindi, okanye ukuba kukho i-anemia.
- I-Laparoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba iiskeni azikwazi ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani na, olu tyando lwenziwa. Kule nkqubo, kwenziwa imingxunya emininzi emincinci esiswini, kufakwa ikhamera, kwaye amalungu omzimba ahlolwe ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukuba ezi mvavanyo ziqinisekisa ukuba kukho umhlaza, ugqirha uya kuchonga inqanaba lawo. Kukho izigaba ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-IV (ezine). Kwinqanaba lokuqala (iSigaba 0), umhlaza ukwindawo engaphezulu yodonga lwesisu. Inqanaba lesi-4 lithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizitho ezikude. Unyango lumiselwa ngokusekelwe kweli nqanaba.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lomhlaza wesisu?
Isicwangciso sonyango sixhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nezinto ozithandayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ingcali yomhlaza kunye nengcali yesisu basebenzisana ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Utyando
Unyango oluphambili lomhlaza wesisu kukususa umhlaza ngotyando.
- I-Endoscopy: Ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba lokuqala, oko kukuthi, phezu kodonga lwesisu, inxalenye yomhlaza inokusikwa ize isuswe ngexesha le-endoscopy.
- Ukususwa kwenxalenye okanye sonke isisu (iGastrectomy): Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke nzulu eludongeni lwesisu, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe inxalenye yesisu equlethe umhlaza (i-subtotal gastrectomy) okanye isisu sonke (i-total gastrectomy). Ukuba isisu sonke sisusiwe, ugqirha uza kudibanisa umminzo wakho ngqo emathunjini amancinci.Musa ukukhathazeka, nokuba isisu sakho sisusiwe ngokupheleleyo, usenokutya ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa awunakutya kakhulu ngaxeshanye, kufuneka utye kancinci amaxesha amaninzi ngemini.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Olu nyango lusetyenziswa ukongeza okanye kunye notyando.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lunikezelwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando, okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- Unyango ngemitha: Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kunye ne-chemotherapy.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kumayeza: La mayeza ajolise kwaye ahlasele ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziqhelekileyo.
- Unyango lwe-immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba wethu ukuze aqaphele kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Lokuthomalalisa Intlungu: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayiqondi kakuhle. Unyango lokuthomalalisa intlungu aluyonto enikwa ekupheleni konyango. Yinkonzo ekhethekileyo yezonyango enikezelwa ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulana ngokulawula ukungakhululeki okufana neentlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya okubangelwa sisifo ngelixa umhlaza unyangwa.
Ngaba umhlaza wesisu unganyangeka? Ungathintelwa njani?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka! Umhlaza wesisu unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba . Yiyo loo nto sithi musa ukungazihoyi neempawu ezincinci. Okukhona umhlaza usiya usiba mkhulu, kokukhona kuba nzima ukuwunyanga. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho.
Nangona umhlaza ungenakuthintelwa nge-100%, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Nyanga usulelo lwe-H. pylori: Ukuba unesifo se-gastritis, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuvavanyele usulelo lwe-H. pylori. Ukuba kunjalo, nyanga usulelo ngee-antibiotics ezifanelekileyo.
- Ukutya okunempilo:
- Faka iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha ekutyeni kwakho kwemihla ngemihla. Iiorenji, iigrapefruit, kunye nemifuno eluhlaza, etyebileyo kwi-vitamin C, zilungile kakhulu.
- Nciphisa ukutya okunetyuwa, okunamafutha, okugciniweyo, okutshayiweyo (okufana neesoseji, ibhekoni) kunye nenyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu).
- Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka namhlanje. Lolona ncedo lukhulu onokulwenza.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Zama ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obuhambelana nobude bakho. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba uqhubeka uneempawu ezifana nokudumba kwesisu, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla ocinga ukuba yi-gastritis eqhelekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu, musa ukuchitha ixesha uye kugqirha.
- Unyango olufanelekileyo losulelo lwebhaktiriya i- H. pylori , oluyimbangela ephambili yomhlaza wesisu, lunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko.
- Ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukulandela ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunceda ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko womhlaza.
- Umhlaza wesisu sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika, kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba unamathandabuzo.
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