Masifunde ngeBudd-Chiari Syndrome, imeko enzima apho imithambo yegazi esibindini ivaleka khona.

Isibindi sesinye sezitho ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Njengefektri enkulu, isibindi sinenkqubo enkulu yemithambo yegazi esusa ukungcola egazini. Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mithambo yegazi ivalekile okanye inciphile? Kwizonyango, le yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa imbi kakhulu ebangelwa kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ekhupha igazi esibindini . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Masithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iBudd-Chiari Syndrome?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuyiqonda le nto kukucinga ngento eyenzekayo xa umsele ekhayeni lethu uvalekile. Kanye njengokuba umbhobho ovalekileyo uzaliswa ngamanzi, xa imithambo yesibindi ivalekile, igazi liqala ukubuthana ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukudumba ngaphakathi komthambo, okanye uxinzelelo oluvela ngaphandle.

Xa igazi liqokelelana ngale ndlela, isibindi siyadumba size sibe sikhulu. Akupheleli apho, kodwa nespleen inokukhula ngenxa yolu xinzelelo. Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi zinokwenzeka.

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwi-Portal: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kumthambo oyintloko oluthwala igazi ukuya esibindini ('i-portal vein').
• IiVarices: Ngenxa yolu xinzelelo luphezulu, imithambo yegazi kwiindawo ezifana nomqala nesisu iyakhula kwaye ingaqhuma ize yophe igazi.
• I-Ascites: Imeko apho ulwelo olufana namanzi luzalisa isisu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba sidumbe. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"ascites."
• I-Cirrhosis: Ukonakala kwesibindi ixesha elide, okubangela ukufa kweeseli zesibindi kunye nokuqhekeka kwesibindi. Le yimeko embi kakhulu engenakuguqulwa.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesi sifo?

Ewe, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ngokusekwe kwisantya kunye nobukhali beempawu. Kwakhona, kukho iintlobo ezimbini ngokusekwe kwisizathu esiyintloko.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

1. I-Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Kwimeko enjalo, ingxaki ingaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ngokwayo. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi (i-thrombus) okanye ukudumba ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.

2. Isifo sesibini seBudd-Chiari: Apha ingxaki ivela ngaphandle komthambo wegazi. Umzekelo, ithumba elinomhlaza okanye elingengomhlaza elikufutshane nesibindi linokubangela ukuba umthambo wegazi uvaleke.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zesi sifo zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa.

Kutheni kukho iBudd-Chiari Syndrome? Zithini izizathu?

Oku kusoloko kubangelwa yimeko yempilo ebangela ukuba umzimba utyekele ekwenzeni amahlwili egazi.

• Izifo zegazi (ii-Myeloproliferative neoplasms - ii-MPN): Ezi ziintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza wegazi. Zibangela ukuba umzimba uvelise iiseli zegazi ezininzi kakhulu, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Iingxaki ezibangela ukugabha kwegazi: Iimeko apho igazi ligabha ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezizathu zemfuza okanye ezinye izifo. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana `nokungabikho kweProtein C` okanye `S`, `i-Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome`.
• Iithumba zesibindi okanye zezintso: Iithumba ezinomhlaza okanye ezingenobungozi zinokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi icinezelwe ngaphandle.
• Ukukhulelwa: Ngokwemvelo abafazi basengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Iipilisi zokulawula ukuzala: Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo zeepilisi zokulawula ukuzala kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Ezinye izifo: Izifo ezifana `neSickle cell disease` kunye `neInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)` nazo zinokubangela oku.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko apho kungafumaneki sizathu sichanekileyo . Oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-'idiopathic'.

Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uya kumamela ngenyameko iimpawu zakho, akuhlole, aze emva koko acele iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.

1. Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ukujonga amanqanaba eeenzyme zesibindi nokufumanisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.

2. Uvavanyo lomfanekiso:

• I-Doppler Ultrasound Scan: Le yi-scan yokuqala, elula, neyona ibalulekileyo. Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi yesibindi. Oku kunokunika umbono olungileyo wokuba kukho ukuvaleka na.
• I-CT Scan okanye i-MRI Scan: Olu hlobo lwe-scan lungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yesibindi kunye namalungu angqongileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ulwelo olukhethekileyo ('izinto ezichaseneyo') lunokufakwa emzimbeni ukuze imithambo yegazi ibonakale ngakumbi.
• I-Venography (i-venogram): Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba ezinye iiskeni azinaso isiqinisekiso. Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kuthathwa imifanekiso ye-X-ray ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi.

3. I-Biopsy yesibindi: Ukuze kuchongwe ukuba bungakanani na umonakalo owenziweyo kwisibindi kunye nokuba isifo sesibindi sivele na, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesibindi kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci kwaye lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango. Enye kukuvula kwakhona umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo okanye ukudala enye indlela yokuhamba kwegazi. Enye kukunyangela unobangela oyintloko.

Unyango ngamayeza

Ekuqaleni, amayeza anjenge -anticoagulants (i-blood thinners ) anikwa ukunyibilikisa amahlwili egazi nokuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili amatsha. Umzekelo, amayeza anjenge-heparin okanye i-warfarin.

Unyango olukhethekileyo olungelulo utyando

Ukuba amayeza ewodwa awakwazi ukulawula imeko, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezenziwa ngoogqirha abaziingcali.

• I-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (IINGCEBISO): Le yinkqubo enzima ngakumbi. Ngamafutshane, idala "i-bypass" ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Ityhubhu encinci (i-stent) ifakwa phakathi komthambo we-portal oxinezelekileyo ophezulu kunye nomthambo wesibindi, okhupha igazi esibindini. Oku kudala indlela entsha yokuba igazi lihambe ngaphandle kokuvaleka.
• I-Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty: Oku kuquka ukuvuthela umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo okanye oncitshisiweyo ngebhaluni. Ngamanye amaxesha kufakwa ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (i-`stent`) ukuze kuthintelwe umthambo ukuba unganciphi kwakhona.

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi

Ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumelelanga, okanye ukuba isibindi asiphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo (ukungasebenzi kwesibindi) okanye sinesifo sesibindi, indlela yokugqibela kukufakelwa isibindi esisempilweni.

Liyintoni ikamva ngesi sifo?

Isiphelo sesifo sixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kubalulekile ukuba isifo sibonwe kwangethuba kangakanani, ubungakanani bomonakalo, kunye nendlela esisabela ngayo kunyango.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, isigulana esivalekileyo ngokupheleleyo kwimithambo yegazi sinokufa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwesibindi kwiminyaka emithathu. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ingakumbi ukufakelwa isibindi, unokuphila ubomi obude. Ke ngoko, ulwazi olungcono malunga noku luvela kugqirha wakho. Uza kukuchazela ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemeko yakho.