Masifunde ngokulula ngeThoracoscopy, uvavanyo olubandakanya ukufakwa kwekhamera esifubeni.

Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba wenze i-'Thoracoscopy'? Usenokuba uzive usoyika kancinci xa usiva igama. "Yintoni le?" "Ngaba lutyando olukhulu?" "Ingaba kunzima ngokwenene?" Imibuzo emininzi efana nale isenokuba ifike engqondweni. Kodwa eneneni ayoyikisi njengoko ucinga. Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ilula kakhulu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngayo ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela eya kususa yonke imibuzo kunye noloyiko onokuba nalo ngayo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Thoracoscopy?

Khawucinge nje, ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho into engalunganga esifubeni sakho, oko kukuthi, kwindawo apho kukho imiphunga. Kodwa akukho X-ray okanye i-CT scan ekwazileyo ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye. Ngexesha elinje, bekuya kuba mnandi kangakanani ukuba ungangena ngaphakathi ujonge? Yile nto le nkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiThoracoscopy isetyenziselwa yona.

Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukwenza utyando oluncinci kakhulu eluswini lwesifuba nokufaka ikhamera encinci kuyo. Le khamera ibizwa ngokuba yi-thoracoscope . Yityhubhu encinci enobukhulu obufana nepensile. Inekhamera kunye nokukhanya ekupheleni. Xa le khamera ifakiwe, ugqirha unokuyibona ngokucacileyo imiphunga yakho, indawo ejikeleze imiphunga (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-pleural space ngokwezonyango), i-diaphragm, nayo yonke into engaphakathi, njengodonga lwesifuba, kwisikrini esikhulu seTV (monitor).

Le nkqubo idla ngokwenziwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yotyando ebizwa ngokuba yiVideo-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) . Oku kuthetha ukuba ugqirha akajongi umzimba wakho, kodwa ujonga imifanekiso ekwisikrini esikhulu seTV, aze enze utyando ngobuchule, esebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci. Le yiteknoloji ephucukileyo kakhulu.

Ingaba oku kwenziwa njengovavanyo okanye njengonyango?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ithi, "Ungenza zombini." Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba wenze oku.

• I-Diagnostic Thoracoscopy: Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha ufuna nje ukubona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi. Okanye, banokufuna ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwindawo erhanelekayo ukuze balihlole. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-biopsy . Kufana nomcuphi ongena aze afune ubungqina. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yiPleuroscopy .

• Unyango (iTherapeutic Thoracoscopy): Ngamanye amaxesha, unobangela wengxaki uyaziwa. Emva koko le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukunyanga loo ngxaki. Oko kukuthi, yenziwa njengenxalenye yotyando.

Ifuneka nini i-thoracoscopy?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba ugqirha angacebisa olu hlobo lwenkqubo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Fumana ulwazi olungenakufumaneka kwiimvavanyo ezifana ne-chest X-ray, i-CT scan, kunye ne-ultrasound scan.
• Susa inxalenye yomaleko ongaphakathi wodonga lwesifuba (i-pleura).
• Susa iindawo ezonakeleyo zemiphunga (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'lung volume reduction surgery').
• Susa iipokotho zomoya ezikwimiphunga.
• Ukuba kukho umhlaza emiphungeni, susa inxalenye yomhlaza (ukususwa kwemiphunga).
• Susa ulwelo olugqithisileyo oluqokelelene emiphungeni kwaye usebenzise amayeza ukuthintela ulwelo ukuba lungaphinde luqokeleleke (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'pleurodesis').

Olu tyando lunokuba yimfuneko, ingakumbi kubantu abaneengxaki ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga okanye i-mesothelioma (umhlaza wolusu lwemiphunga). Lukwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza we-thymus gland okanye umphimbo esifubeni.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweThoracoscopy kunye neThoracotomy?

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi thoracotomy . Nangona zombini zilutyando lwesifuba, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. I-Thoracoscopy ifana "nokujonga ngesitshixo." I-Thoracotomy ifana "nokuvula ucango."

Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini ngale ndlela.

Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuqala i-thoracoscopy, ukuba ugqirha ugqiba kwelokuba utyando alunakugqityezelwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngala manxeba mancinci, banokutshintshela kwi-thoracotomy ene-incision enkulu. Oku kwenzelwa ukhuseleko lwakho.

Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kotyando?

Nangona olu tyando lungelulo olukhulu, lufuna amalungiselelo athile.

• Thetha nogqirha wakho: Xelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, kunye namayeza esintu owasebenzisayo. Ingakumbi ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi (afana ne -aspirin, i-clopidogrel, okanye i-warfarin ), buza ukuba kufuneka uyeke na ukuwasebenzisa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando lwakho.
• Ukuzila Ukutya: Ngomhla wotyando, uya kucetyiswa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli nto kangangeeyure ezininzi (ngesiqhelo iiyure ezi-6-8) ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela ukuba isisu singanyuki siye kumbhobho womoya ngexesha lotyando.

Indlela olu tyando lwenziwa ngayo inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ngomhla wotyando lwakho, ukwazi into omawuyilindele kwigumbi lotyando kunokunceda ukunciphisa ixhala lakho. Utyando lungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwisiqingatha seyure ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwinto eyenziwa ngaphakathi.

1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, uza kufakwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuyi kuva nto ngexesha lotyando kwaye uza kube ulele ngokupheleleyo. Amayeza aza kunikwa ngetyhubhu encinci (i-IV cannula) ebekwe engalweni yakho.

2. Ukudibanisa ne-ventilator: Emva kokuba ulele, ityhubhu ifakwa emqaleni wakho iye kwi-windpipe yakho ize iqhagamshelwe kumatshini wokuphefumla (`i-ventilator`). Lo matshini uza kukuphefumlela de utyando luphele. Awuyi kuva nantoni na koku.

3. Ukwenza iziqwenga ezincinci:Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kwenza imingxunya emibini okanye emithathu emincinci esifubeni sakho, phakathi kweembambo zakho, kungabi ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesentimitha ubude.

4. Ukufaka ikhamera nezixhobo: Ngesiqwenga esinye, kufakwa ikhamera (i-'thoracoscope') esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Ngezinye iziqwenga, kufakwa izixhobo ezincinci nezinde ezifunekayo kutyando.

5. Uvavanyo okanye unyango: Ngoku ugqirha ujonga isikrini seTV aze ahlole ngononophelo ingaphakathi lesifuba. Ukuba kufuneka i-biopsy, iyathathwa, ukuba kukho inxalenye ekufuneka isuswe, iyasuswa, okanye kwenziwe unyango olufunekayo.

6. Ukususa izixhobo: Emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe, ikhamera kunye nazo zonke ezinye izixhobo ziyakhutshwa.

7. Ukufakwa kweThubhu yeSifuba: Okulandelayo, kufakwa ityhubhu yeplastiki (`ityhubhu yesifuba`) kwindawo engaphakathi kwesifuba ngenye yezi zithuba. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kususwe nawuphi na umoya okanye ulwelo olunokuba luqokelelene emva kotyando. Oku kuya kufuneka kushiywe endaweni yalo usuku olunye okanye ezimbini.

8. Ukuthunga amanxeba: Ekugqibeleni, amanxeba amancinci aqunyiweyo avalwa ngamanxeba.

9. Ukuvuka emva kokusebenzisa i-anesthesia: Ngoku i-anesthesia iza kukuvusa kancinci kancinci. Xa sele ukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, ityhubhu ebisemqaleni wakho iya kususwa.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kotyando?

Emva kokuba utyando luphelile, uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi lokufundela.

• Ukozela: Ngenxa yemiphumo ye-anesthetics, uya kuziva ulele kwaye ungenabomi okwethutyana.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu: Ukususela oko kwafakwa umbhobho wokuphefumla, kunokubakho ukuqaqamba okuncinci emqaleni kunye notshintsho kwilizwi kangangeentsuku ezimbini.
• Intlungu: Uza kuva iintlungu kwiindawo zokusika. Uza kunikwa iintlungu zokuphelisa iintlungu ukuze zikuncede koku.
• Umbhobho Wesifuba: Umbhobho wesifuba uza kuhlala endaweni yawo usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ude ususwe.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: I-X-reyi yesifuba iya kwenziwa kwakhona ukuze kubonwe ukuba imiphunga isebenza kakuhle na.
• Ukutya: Umphimbo wakho nomlomo wakho usenokuvakala ngathi awunanto ekuqaleni. Awuyi kuvunyelwa ukuba utye okanye usele de kube yilapho ukungabi nanto kuphelile.

Ngokwesiqhelo ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla emva kweeveki ezimbini. Kungathatha iiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba kukho umngcipheko koku?

Njengakweminye inkqubo yezonyango, kukho umngcipheko omncinci obandakanyekayo. Nangona kunjalo, yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu. Izinga lokufa liphantsi kakhulu, liyi-0.3%. Iingxaki ezinokubakho nazo ziphantsi kakhulu.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka (Iingozi)

• Ukuqukuqela.
• Ukusikwa okanye usulelo lwemiphunga.
• Ifiva.
• Ukuqokelelana komoya kufutshane nendawo yokusikwa okanye kwindawo yemiphunga.
• Umphunga owileyo.
• Ukuqokelelana kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga.

Ukuba kwenzeka into efana nale, ugqirha wakho kunye nabasebenzi besibhedlele bakulungele ukuyinyanga. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngayo.

Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kufuneka ubone ugqirha nini?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana nayiphi na ingxolo emva kokuba uphume esibhedlele. Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ezi mpawu.