Ingaba amehlo akho abomvu kwaye anamanzi? Masifunde ngesi sifo siyingozi, iTrachoma.

Ngaba amehlo akho ahlala ebomvu kwaye erhawuzelela? Ngaba kukho ukuphuma kwamanzi emehlweni akho? Mhlawumbi amehlo akho avuvukile kwaye kunzima ukuwabona? Ezi azizo iimpawu ezilungileyo. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo samehlo esibizwa ngokuba yi-trachoma, esiza kuthetha ngaso namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, masicacise ngale nto. Kuba, njengaso nasiphi na isifo, okukhona siqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukunyanga.

Yintoni i-trachoma? Kutheni iyingozi?

Ngamafutshane, i-trachoma lusulelo lwebhaktiriya emehlweni ethu. Ibangelwa yibhaktiriya ebizwa ngokuba yiChlamydia trachomatis. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela ukuba umntu angaboni kakuhle aze ekugqibeleni abe yimfama engenakuguqulwa . Khawuthelekelele indlela ebuhlungu ngayo loo nto.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwesi sifo uphezulu kwiindawo apho ucoceko lungekho semgangathweni, amanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko zinqongophele, kwaye abantu bahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo kakhulu . Khawucinge nje, ukuba abantu abaninzi bahlala kwindlu enye encinci, kwaye ukuba akukho coceko lufanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba isifo esifana nesi sidluliselwe komnye umntu siye komnye.

Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation, ngo-2020 kuphela, malunga nezigidi ezingama-32.8 zabantu banikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane e-trachoma. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-42,000 kwafuneka benze utyando ngenxa yesi sifo. Abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-1.9 baziimfama okanye ababoni kakuhle ngenxa ye-trachoma . Le yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu, akunjalo? Esi sifo sibi kakhulu kwilizwekazi laseAfrika. Kodwa i-trachoma ikwafumaneka kumazwe afana ne-Asia, i-Australia, i-Middle East, i-Central kunye ne-South America.

Zithini iimpawu ze-trachoma?

Kukho iimpawu zokuqala ze-trachoma. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Amehlo abomvu kwaye avakala ngathi ayatsha nje.
• Ukudumba kwamehlo.
• Ukungakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo, kubonakala ngathi akubonakali kakuhle.
• Ulwelo olufana namanzi (snot) luphuma emehlweni.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, impumlo evuzayo inokubakho.

Xa ubona ezi mpawu, abanye abantu banokucinga, "Owu, olu lusulelo lwamehlo nje." Kodwa oku akuyonto ilula ngolu hlobo. Kuba, ingxaki iba mandundu kuphela xa olu sulelo luphinda lubuye lubangele ukudumba ngaphakathi kwamehlo .

Kwenzeka ntoni xa esi sifo sisiya sisanda (iTrachomatous trichiasis)?

Khawuthelekelele, xa iliso lisoloko likhathazwa yile ntsholongwane, amanxeba amancinci (izicwili zesilonda) aqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kweliso, oko kukuthi, ngaphakathi kweliso . Ngenxa yezi manxeba, iliso liyancipha ngaphakathi, kwaye amanxeba akwiliso ajika ngaphakathi . Ngoku yingxaki enkulu. Amanxeba ajika ngaphakathi ngolu hlobo, ngalo lonke ixesha siqhwanyaza , akhuhla isangqa esimnyama seliso, oko kukuthi, i-cornea .

I-cornea "yifestile" ecacileyo negobileyo engaphambili kweliso lethu. Isinceda sibone ngokucacileyo.

Ngoko ke, xa amashiya eqhubeka ekhuhla i-cornea ngolo hlobo, ayakrweleka. Kufana nokukhuhla iglasi ngephepha lokusanti. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imikrwelo ibangela ukuba i-cornea iqine kancinci kancinci ize ingabonakali, ithintele ukukhanya ukuba kungadluli . Kulapho ke umbono ulahleka khona.

Kwi-trachoma ephucukileyo, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Iinkophe zitsalwa ngaphakathi kwaye ziqinile ngenxa yesilonda esikuyo.
• Iintshiyi zijikelwe ngaphakathi.
• Intlungu yamehlo enganyamezelekiyo ebangelwa kukukhuhlana kwamashiya kwi-cornea.
• Ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya (i-photosensitivity).
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona, ekugqibeleni ubumfama.

Yintoni ebangela i-trachoma? Idluliselwa njani?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-trachoma sisifo sebhaktiriya. Ekuqaleni, ifana kancinci "nesifo samehlo" esiqhelekileyo ``(Conjunctivitis)``. Amehlo aba bomvu, arhawuzelele, kwaye abe namaqhuqhuva. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba ubona ugqirha kwangethuba kwaye uthabathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, inokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo .

Esi sifo sisasazeka ngokunxibelelana nomntu . Oko kukuthi, ukuba ulwelo (isikhwehlela, i-mucus) oluvela emehlweni okanye empumlweni yomntu osulelekileyo lungena ezandleni, kwiimpahla, okanye kwiibhedi zabanye, lunokudluliselwa. Iimpukane nazo zingumthombo omkhulu wokudluliselwa . Xa iimpukane ziwela emehlweni okanye empumlweni yomntu osulelekileyo, zithatha iintsholongwane zize ziwele emehlweni omnye umntu. Esi sifo siyadluliselwa emva koko.

Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-12 emva kokuba intsholongwane ingenile emzimbeni. Abafazi nabantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo . Oku kungenxa yokuba oomama badla ngokuba ngabona bachitha ixesha elininzi nabantwana kwaye babakhathalele. Kwakhona, abantwana abancinci banokusuleleka lula kuba badla ngokuchukumisa amehlo neempumlo zabo kwaye abanandaba nococeko.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-trachoma?

Ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wamehlo. Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo aze abhale imbali yezonyango. Ngokukodwa, baza kukubuza ukuba ukhe waya kwindawo apho i-trachoma ixhaphake khona okanye ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho ixhaphake khona.

Emva koko kwenziwa uvavanyo lwamehlo . Ngamanye amaxesha, iliso linokuvuleka kwaye isampuli encinci yolwelo oluvela esweni ingathathwa ithunyelwe kwilebhu. Oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba usulelo lubangelwa yibhaktheriya (iChlamydia trachomatis).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-trachoma?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngee-antibiotics ezichazwe ngugqirha . Iindidi ezimbini zamayeza adla ngokumiselwa i-trachoma yipilisi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Azithromycin kunye namafutha asetyenziswa emehlweni aneTetracycline.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, okanye ukuba i-trachoma iphinda-phinda, imeko embi ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, `(Trachomatous trichiasis)` (iinkophe zijika zingene ngaphakathi), inokwenzeka. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha uya kucebisa utyando . Olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze i-inverted eyelashes ibonakale ithe tye kwakhona. Emva koko i-eyelashes iyeke ukukhuhla kwi-cornea, kwaye amanxeba angakumbi ayayeka.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-cornea yonakele kakhulu, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kufakwe i-cornea .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba wakuba uyimfama ngenxa ye-trachoma, ayinakuphiliswa. Yiyo loo nto sithi ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinesifo se-trachoma? Ngaba sinokunyangeka?

Ukuba ufumana i-trachoma kanye uze uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo, uya kuphila ngokukhawuleza, akukho nto ixhalabisayo ngayo . Ingxaki iqala xa esi sifo siphinda-phinda kwaye i-cornea iqala ukonakala.

Emva kotyando lweliso, i-cornea ayisayi konakala ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ubumfama obubangelwa yi-trachoma abunakuphiliswa .

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo se-trachoma?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-trachoma, kubalulekile ukuphucula ukufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko . Oko kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka abe namanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile nokunciphisa ukuxinana kwabantu kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki ezibangelwa ziimpukane. Abasemagunyeni kwihlabathi liphela baqalisa la manyathelo ukuzama ukuphelisa i-trachoma kunye nobumfama obuyibangelayo. Isifinyezo esithi SAFE sisetyenziselwa oku:

• S - `(Utyando)`: Utyando lokunyanga isifo esiqhubele phambili.
• A - `(Antibiotics)`: Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
• F - `(Ukucoca ubuso)`: Ukugcina ubuso bucocekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kwezifo.
• E - `(Utshintsho lwendalo)`: Utshintsho lwendalo olufana namanzi acocekileyo kunye neenkonzo zococeko.

Kwezinye iindawo, abantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 ukuya kweli-9 ubudala banikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"blanket therapy" okanye "blanket antibiotic therapy." Nangona kunjalo , kukho inkxalabo yokuba xa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane enikwa rhoqo ngale ndlela, iintsholongwane zinokukhula zikwazi ukumelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .

Kukho izinto onokuzenza wena ngokwakho, ingakumbi ukuba uhlala okanye uhamba kwindawo apho i-trachoma ixhaphake khona:

• Lumka kakhulu ucoceko lwakho . Hlamba ubuso bakho kakuhle kwaye ususe naluphi na ulwelo emehlweni nasempumlweni yakho.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle rhoqo.Oku kuyimfuneko, ingakumbi xa usebenza nabantwana abancinci.
• Musa ukwabelana ngeetawuli zakho neebhedi zakho ezisetyenzisiweyo nabanye .
• Ziphephe iindawo apho kukho iimpukane khona kangangoko.

Sifanele siye kugqirha nini?

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo ene-trachoma, okanye ukhe waya kuyo, kwaye uphuma ulwelo emehlweni okanye empumlweni, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha . Ingakumbi ukuba uneentlungu zamehlo, musa ukuzityeshela . Kungcono ukuxelela ugqirha ngeentlungu zamehlo, okanye naziphi na iimpawu ozikrokrelayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-chlamydial conjunctivitis kunye ne-trachoma?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. I-Chlamydial conjunctivitis lusulelo lwamehlo olubangelwa lusulelo oludluliselwa ngocansi (STI) i-Chlamydia. Iibhaktheriya ezibangela oku ziyafana neebhaktheriya ezibangela i-trachoma, i-Chlamydia trachomatis, kodwa iintlobo zentsholongwane zahlukile . Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-trachoma ayilosulelo oludluliselwa ngocansi .

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho i-trachoma ixhaphake khona, okanye ukuba uya kuyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Ungazikhusela ngokuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle nokugcina ubuso bakho bucocekile. Ukuba amehlo akho aba bomvu okanye ayarhawuzelela, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Banokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga iimpawu kunye nosulelo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-trachoma namhlanje, akunjalo? Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Trachoma sisifo samehlo esibi esibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinokubangela nokuba yimfama.
• Ucoceko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle, ukugcina ubuso bakho bucocekile, nokusebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukuba uzibona iimpawu kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango, ungazinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke ukuba uneempawu ezifana namehlo abomvu, arhawuzelelwayo, okanye anamaqhuqhuva, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Lumka kwiimpukane. Iimpukane zezona ziphambili ezinceda ekusasazeni esi sifo.
• Ukuba ayinyangwa, iliso lingajika lingene ngaphakathi, lonakalise i-cornea kwaye libangele ukulahleka kokubona.
• Indlela ye-SAFE ye-World Health Organisation (utyando, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ukucoca ubuso, utshintsho kwindalo) ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni esi sifo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba siyawanyamekela la manqaku, sinokuzikhusela kolu tshaba luthuleyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-trachoma. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu ngale nto, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha. Amehlo amabini aphilileyo axabiseke kakhulu ebomini!

"I-Trachoma, izifo zamehlo, usulelo lwamehlo, i-Chlamydia trachomatis, ubumfama, impilo yamehlo, uthintelo