Ngaba ukhe waqaphela ukuba umama, utata, okanye umakhulu okanye utatomkhulu wakho uyalibala izinto ezincinci kule mihla? Nangona sicinga ukuba ukulibala izinto ezifana nokuba zikuphi izitshixo zakho, igama lomntu, okanye into obuza kuyenza kuyinto eqhelekileyo njengoko sikhula, ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esinzima ngakumbi, njenge-Alzheimer's. Musa ukoyika xa usiva oku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngokupheleleyo oku. Namhlanje, masithethe ngesifo se-Alzheimer's.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esitshabalalisa inkumbulo yakho kancinci kancinci. Sisifo esichaphazela ingqondo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, unokuba nobunzima bokukhumbula iziganeko zakutshanje, kodwa unokukwazi ukukhumbula iziganeko ezenzeke kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ezinye iimpawu ziyaqala ukubonakala.
- Ubunzima bokugxila kwinto enye.
- Nemisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla, efana nokwenza iti, kunzima ukuyenza.
- Ukuziva uxhalabile, udidekile, kwaye udanile, ingakumbi ebusuku.
- Utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha. Ukuba nomsindo ngequbuliso, ukuhlala uxhalabile, okanye udandathekile.
- Ukulahlekelwa yindawo yakho nokulahleka.
- Iingxaki zomzimba. Izinto ezifana notshintsho kwindlela ohamba ngayo, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
- Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nokutshintshiselana ngezimvo nabanye.
Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, usenokulibala nabantu obathandayo. Usenokungakwazi nokwenza izinto ezisisiseko ezifana nokunxiba, ukutya, okanye ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela wedwa. Esi sifo sitshabalalisa kancinci kancinci izicubu zobuchopho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Esi sifo sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Dementia?
Abantu abaninzi bayawabhidanisa la magama mabini, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwawo.
I-Dementia ayilogama lesifo esithile. Ligama eliqhelekileyo elithetha uluhlu lweemeko ezibangela iingxaki ngenkumbulo, ukucinga, kunye nokuziphatha. Lifana negama elithi "imoto."
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo kudidi oluqhelekileyo lwe-dementia. Kufana nokuthi "imoto." Oko kukuthi, wonke umntu one-Alzheimer's unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu one-dementia onesifo sika-Alzheimer's.
Zithini izigaba zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo sika-Alzheimer siqhubeka kancinci kancinci ngezigaba ezintathu eziphambili.
| Inqanaba lesifo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqala (Eliphantsi) | Kule nqanaba, kunzima ukubona iimpawu ezichanekileyo. Ngabo basondeleyo kwisigulana kuphela abaya kubona utshintsho oluncinci. Banokuqhuba imoto baze bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu. Kodwa banokulibala iinkcukacha ezincinci, babe nobunzima bokugqiba imisebenzi ethile, kwaye babe nobunzima bokucwangcisa izinto. |
| Iphakathi | Eli linqanaba elihlala ixesha elide. Linokuhlala iminyaka. Iimpawu ziya zicaca ngakumbi. Kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha lubonakala ngakumbi. Ngeli nqanaba, isigulana sidinga umntu (umnakekeli) ngokukodwa ukuze sikhuseleke kwaye sinyamekele. |
| Inqanaba lokugqibela (Elinzima) | Kule nqanaba, unyango lunokufuneka iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku . Basenokungazi nokuba bakuphi na. Basenokungakwazi nokwenza izinto ezisisiseko ezifana nokuhamba, ukuhlala phantsi, baze ekugqibeleni baginye ukutya. Kule nqanaba, ungacinga ngonyango lwe-hospice, olunika isiqabu kwisigulana nakusapho. |
Zithini izizathu ze-Alzheimer's?
Nangona abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's bedla ngokuba badala, asiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu besifumana kanti abanye abasifumani. Kodwa ziyazi ukuba iimpawu zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomonakalo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni:
1. Ukwakheka kwee-tangles ezifana nomsonto ngaphakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (i-neurofibrillar tangles).
2. Uhlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-beta-amyloid luqokelelana engqondweni luze lwenze iiplaque.
Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nesizathu salo monakalo. Kusenokuba kukho icandelo lemfuza.Ukuba umzali okanye umntakwenu unesi sifo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba naso ngokuqinisekileyo.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uneempawu ze-Alzheimer's, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho. Uza kukubuza imibuzo aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akuthumele kwingcali ye-neurologist.
Khumbula, xa usiya kugqirha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhamba nelungu losapho, umntu oqhelene notshintsho olukubangelayo kwindlela oziphatha ngayo.
Ugqirha angenza iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurological oluvavanya izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ubuchule bokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nolwimi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo ukujonga ezinye iimeko zempilo.
- Uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo (uvavanyo lwengqondo).
- Iiskeni zobuchopho: Ezi zinokubandakanya iiskeni ze-CT (Computed Tomography), i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), kunye neeskeni ze-PET (Positron Emission Tomography).
- Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenziwa i -spinal tap ukuze kuhlolwe ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF).
Ngaba kukho unyango lwe-Alzheimer's?
Le yingxaki ejongene nawo wonke umntu. Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwesifo i-Alzheimer okwangoku. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kukho amayeza aliqela anokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kwaye ancede ukulawula iimpawu ukuze isigulana siphile ubomi obutofotofo ngakumbi.
- Amayeza acothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo: Amayeza amatsha afana neLecanemab (Leqembi) kunye neDonanemab (Kinsula) azama ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo ngokususa iiproteni eziyingozi eziqokelelana engqondweni. La asebenza kakhulu kwizigaba zokuqala.
- Amayeza okulawula iimpawu: Amayeza afana ne-Cholinesterase inhibitors kunye ne-Memantine anokuphucula izakhono zokukhumbula kunye nokucinga kunye nokulawula iingxaki zokuziphatha.
Konke oku kugqitywa ngugqirha wakho, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulandela icebiso lakhe.
Singenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko?
Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela i-Alzheimer's ngokupheleleyo, kukho utshintsho oluninzi kwindlela esiphila ngayo esinokulwenza ukuze sinciphise umngcipheko wethu.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu alulungelanga impilo yengqondo.
- Yenza umthambo rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo:Nciphisa ukutya okuneswekile eninzi namafutha kwaye utye imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi kunye neenkozo.
- Hlala ungumntu oncokola nabanye abantu: Ukuthetha nabanye abantu nokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoluntu kunceda ukugcina ingqondo isebenza.
- Lumka entloko yakho: Ukulimala kakhulu entloko kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-Alzheimer's kwixesha elizayo.
- Yenza izinto eziza kuvavanya ingqondo yakho: Funda into entsha, funda iincwadi, sombulula iiphazili. Ezi zizinto ezilungileyo zokuzivocavoca ingqondo yakho.
Ingcebiso yoMnakekeli weSigulana esine-Alzheimer's
Ukunyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's akulula. Kukuzibophelela okukhulu. Ukuba ungomnye wabo bantu, la macebiso aza kukunceda.
- Gcina inkqubo eqhelekileyo: Mtyise, umhlambe, uze umlalise ngexesha elinye kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukudideka kwakhe.
- Yiba nomonde: Musa ukucaphuka nokuba bakubuza umbuzo ofanayo izihlandlo ezilishumi. Thetha ngothando nangentlonelo.
- Nika iimpahla ezilula ukuzinxiba: Khetha iimpahla ezine-elastiki kunye neVelcro endaweni yamaqhosha kunye neentambo.
- Yenza indawo ekhayeni lakho ikhuseleke ngakumbi: Susa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo. Faka iibhari zokubamba kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
- Zikhathalele: Xa unyamekela umntu ogulayo, cinga ngempilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba. Cela uncedo kwabanye xa kufuneka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer asiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Sisifo esichaphazela ingqondo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo, okanye ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olunokulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwaso nokulawula iimpawu.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo inokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo.
- Uthando, inkxaso, kunye nokuqonda kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu one-Alzheimer's kunye nomnakekeli wakhe.
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