Izinto okudingeka uzazi nge-Anthrax!

Cishe uke wezwa ngesifo i-anthrax. Kodwa ungase uzibuze ukuthi siyini, sisakazeka kanjani, nokuthi yini esingayenza ngaso. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma nge-anthrax ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Iyini i-Anthrax?

Kalula nje, i-anthrax yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Bacillus anthracis . Ama-spores aleli bhaktheriya atholakala endaweni ezungezile, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini, ngendlela engasebenzi. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sithinta izilwane, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezidla utshani. Kodwa-ke, abantu nabo bangasithola. Lokhu akuvamile emazweni afana ne-United States.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-anthrax ngokusekelwe endleleni edluliselwa ngayo?

Yebo, empeleni, i-anthrax ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi leli gciwane lingena kanjani emizimbeni yethu. Ake sibone ukuthi liyini.

I-Anthrax Yesikhumba

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolungabulali kakhulu . Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amagciwane angena emzimbeni wakho ngokuphuka kwesikhumba sakho. Cabanga nje, unenxeba elincane esandleni sakho, futhi uma leli gciwane lidlula, lesi simo singavela.

• Obani abasengozini enkulu? Odokotela bezilwane kanye nalabo abasebenza ngoboya bezilwane, isikhumba, noma izinwele yibona abasengozini enkulu.

I-Anthrax Yesisu

Lolu hlobo lubangelwa ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle evela esilwaneni esinalesi sifo . Amagciwane athinta umphimbo, umphimbo, isisu kanye namathumbu akho. Akuvamile emazweni afana ne-United States, lapho izilwane zasemapulazini zigonyelwa khona i-anthrax futhi izilwane ezinalesi sifo zitholakala ngaphambi kokuba zihlatshwe ukuze kutholakale inyama.

I-Anthrax Yokuphefumula

Lesi yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esingabulala kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ze-anthrax . Sibangelwa ukuhogela ama-spores e-anthrax. Lokhu kungabangela ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula ngisho nokufa. Sasibizwa nangokuthi "isifo se-woolsorter" ngoba izisebenzi zasezigayweni zoboya, ezihlahleni, nasezindaweni zokushunqisa i-tanneries cishe zazihogela ama-spores avela ezilwaneni ezinegciwane.

I-Anthrax Yomjovo

Lokhu akuyona into esizwa kakhulu ngayo endaweni yakithi. Kubonakala kubantu abafaka izidakamizwa ezifana ne-heroin . Lesi simo sibikwe eNyakatho Yurophu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ukutheleleka kukhulela phansi kwesikhumba noma emisipheni.

Ivame kangakanani i-anthrax? Ingabe ikhona eSri Lanka?

Nakuba i-anthrax itholakala emhlabeni wonke, ayivamile emazweni afana ne-United States. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo sisakazeka emazweni asathuthuka lapho izilwane zingagonyiwe khona.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Iziqhingi zaseCaribbean
• IMelika Ephakathi
• I-Asia Ephakathi Neningizimu-ntshonalanga
• i-South America
• INingizimu neMpumalanga Yurophu
• I-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara

ESri Lanka, amacala e-anthrax awavamile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha lapho uphatha izilwane futhi ungenisa imikhiqizo yezilwane.

Ingabe i-anthrax ingaba yisikhali sebhayoloji?

Yebo, lokhu kuyadabukisa, kodwa kuyiqiniso. Kukhona inkulumo yokuthi ama-spores e-anthrax angasetshenziswa ekuhlaselweni kwe-bioterrorism . Ungase ukhumbule, ngo-2001, kwaba nesigameko eMelika lapho kuthunyelwa khona impuphu ye-anthrax ngemvilophu. Abanye abantu bahlushwa i-cutaneous anthrax, abanye bahlushwa i-inhale anthrax, futhi abantu abaningana bafa. Ngakho-ke, amabutho ezokuphepha ahlala eqaphile ukuvimbela izinto ezinjalo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-anthrax?

Izimpawu ze-anthrax ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo . Izimpawu zivame ukuqala zingakapheli isonto ngemuva kokuchayeka kubhaktheriya. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ze-anthrax yokuhogela zingase zingabonakali kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili .

Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala)
• Umkhuhlane nokujuluka ngokweqile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda noma bemisipha
• Ama-blister noma amaqhubu alumayo
• Isilonda sesikhumba esinendawo emnyama phakathi
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nesifo sohudo esinegazi
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele

Yini ebangela i-anthrax?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-anthrax ibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Bacillus anthracis . Leli bhaktheriya likhiqiza izinhlamvu ezingaphila enhlabathini iminyaka eminingi. Izilwane zasendle njengenyamazane, kanye nezilwane zasemapulazini njengezinkomo nezimvu zingaphefumula noma zigwinye lezi zinhlamvu ezilele lapho zidla otshanini.

Cabanga ngakho, kufana nembewu. Akukho okwenzekayo uma nje isemhlabathini, kodwa uma ithola amanzi nezakhamzimba, iyahluma.

Uma ixutshwe noketshezi lomzimba wesilwane, igciwane le-anthrax liyasebenza, liphindaphindeke, futhi lisakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Igciwane libangela ukusabela okunobuthi, ngezinye izikhathi okubulalayo . Inqubo efanayo iyenzeka kubantu uma lawa ma-spores ephefumulwa, egwinywa, noma ethinta isikhumba.

Ingabe i-anthrax iyathelelana?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. I-anthrax akuyona isifo esisakazeka kalula kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye njenge-chickenpox noma umkhuhlane ovamile. Lokho kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuyithola ngokuba seduze nomuntu one-anthrax. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu , uma uthintana ngqo nesilonda se-anthrax esikhumbeni somuntu, ungase ube ne-cutaneous anthrax. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-anthrax?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ku-anthrax kunabanye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abalimi nabantu abasebenza ngemfuyo
• Abasebenzi bezempi kanye nezivakashi eziya emazweni lapho i-anthrax ivame khona
• Ososayensi kanye nezisebenzi zaselabhorethri ezicwaninga ngaleli gciwane
• Odokotela bezilwane belapha izilwane ezithelelekile
• Izisebenzi ezisebenza ezigayweni zoboya, ezindaweni zokushuna izikhumba, nasezindaweni zokuxhela
• Abantu abenza izigubhu besebenzisa izikhumba zezilwane
• Abantu abafaka izidakamizwa ezifana ne-heroin

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-anthrax?

I-anthrax ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa kahle . Izinkinga ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-anthrax:

• I-anthrax yesikhumba: Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokwelashwa. Uma ingelashwa, cishe ama-20% alabo abangenwe yileli gciwane angafa.
• I-anthrax yesisu: Cishe abantu abangu-60% bayalulama ngokwelashwa. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, abangaphezu kwengxenye yalabo abangenwe yileli gciwane bayafa. Lolu hlobo lungabangela nesimo esibulalayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-meningoencephalitis, okuwukuvuvukala kobuchopho nomgogodla .
• I-anthrax yokuphefumula: Ngisho noma sekwelashwe, cishe abantu abangu-55% kuphela abangenwe yileli gciwane bayalulama. Uma bengelashwa, leli nani lehla laya ku-15%. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.

Itholakala kanjani i-anthrax?

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nohlobo lwe-anthrax onayo, udokotela wakho angenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa:

• i-biopsy yezilonda zesikhumba (ukuthatha ucezu oluncane lwesikhumba esilondeni)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan)
• Ukuhlolwa kwendle noma i-mucus elabhorethri
• Ukubhoboza i-lumbar / ukumpompa komgogodla

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-anthrax?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-anthrax zisabela kahle ekwelashweni. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-anthrax, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwe kusenesikhathi, ukutheleleka kungamiswa ukuthi kuqhubeke.

Izindlela zokwelapha i-anthrax yilezi:

• Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic, angathathwa ngomlomo, ajovwe, noma anikezwe ngemithambo yegazi, alwa nokutheleleka. Kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-60. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu yi -ciprofloxacin (Cipro®) kanye ne-doxycycline (Doryx®) .
• Ama-Antitoxin: Lena imithi ejovwayo eqeda ubuthi be-anthrax emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile inikezwa kanye nama-antibiotic.
• Umuthi wokugoma: I-BioThrax®, umuthi wokugoma wokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-anthrax, isetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha abantu abanegciwane. Imithamo emithathu yomjovo inikezwa esikhathini esingamasonto amane. Ama-antibiotic nawo anikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-anthrax?

Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax usebenza kahle cishe ngo-90% ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka . Kodwa-ke, unikezwa kuphela abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-18 no-65 abasebenza emisebenzini enobungozi obukhulu. Lokho kusho abalimi, izisebenzi zemfuyo, izisebenzi zempi, abantu abacwaninga ngamagciwane, kanye nodokotela bezilwane. Imithamo emihlanu yomjovo inikezwa esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingu-18. Ngemva kwalokho, umjovo wokuqinisa unikezwa kanye ngonyaka.

Uma uthola ukuthi uke wachayeka ku-anthrax, lo muthi wokugomela ungasiza futhi ekumiseni ukutheleleka.

E-United States, ezindaweni lapho i-anthrax ivame khona, njengaseTexas, izilwane ezidla emadlelweni zinikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax okhethekile.

Okubalulekile: Lo muthi wokugomela i-anthrax awunikezwa umphakathi jikelele.

Uma uya endaweni lapho i-anthrax ivame khona, qaphela lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ungayidli inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle.
• Ungathinti noma uthenge izikhumbuzo ezenziwe ngezikhumba zezilwane noma ngoboya.
• Ungathinti noma ufuye izilwane.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ku-anthrax? (Isibikezelo)

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wachayeka ku-anthrax, bona udokotela ngokushesha bese uqala ama-antibiotic noma olunye ukwelashwa. I-anthrax ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela ukutheleleka okukhulu kanye nezimpawu ezisongela ukuphila futhi kwandise amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele.

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Uma usola ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-anthrax futhi unalezi zimpawu, bheka udokotela ngokushesha:

• Ukukhwehlela igazi (Igazi eliphuma emathunjini okuphefumula)
• Igazi elihlanzayo noma esitulweni
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Uhudo
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu

Uma ngine-anthrax, yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma une-anthrax, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ngithole kanjani i-anthrax?
• Uhlobo luni lwe-anthrax enginalo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Ngingawuthola yini umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele i-anthrax ukuthi ingaphinde yenzeke?
• Ingabe umndeni wami usengozini yokuthola i-anthrax?
• Ingabe kufanele ngiqaphele izinkinga?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-anthrax ayisona isifo esivame kakhulu eSri Lanka. Kodwa-ke, abantu abasebenza emisebenzini ethile kanye nalabo abaya emazweni asathuthuka basengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kuleli gciwane. Uma usebenza ensimini enobungozi obukhulu kangaka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-anthrax kungelapheka uma kwelashwa ngokushesha. I-anthrax yokuphefumula iyingozi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyilapha. Yingakho ibhekwa njengosongo lwe-bioterrorism.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- Anthrax, i-Bacillus anthracis, ama-spores, izifo ezithelelanayo, i-cutaneous anthrax, i-inhaleational anthrax, ama-antibiotic