Ungubani lo dokotela wezifo zamaphaphu? Ake sixoxe ngemininingwane!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya? Noma ukhwehlela okungapheli? Mhlawumbe unesicaba esiqinile, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma into efana naleyo. Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga ngamaphaphu akho. Yilapho-ke sidinga ukubona udokotela ochwepheshe bezifo zamaphaphu, owaziwa nangokuthi "udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu".

Ubani lo dokotela wezifo zamaphaphu?

Kalula nje, "udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu" ungudokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene namaphaphu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, uyaqonda kahle izifo ezenzeka "eSistimuni yethu Yokuphefumula" - okungukuthi, imigudu yomoya (i-trachea, i-bronchi), amasaka amancane omoya ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu "i-Alveoli", kanye nemithambo yegazi ehlobene nawo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa abanye abantu bebiza laba odokotela ngokuthi “odokotela bamaphaphu,” “ochwepheshe bokuphefumula,” noma “odokotela besifuba.” Kodwa-ke, wonke la magama abhekisela kochwepheshe abafanayo.

Yini eyenziwa yi-pulmonologist?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-pulmonologist ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo zesimiso sokuphefumula ngokunembile. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhakha ubanzi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abanye ochwepheshe be-pulmonologist bagxile kwezinye izindawo ezincane.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukunakekelwa Okubucayi: Abanye odokotela bathola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukwelapha iziguli ezinezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula.
• Isifuba somoya: Kukhona labo abaye bafunda kabanzi ngezindlela ezithile zokwelapha iziguli zesifuba somoya.
• Umuthi Wokulala: Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngabantu abakhonkothayo nabafuthayo ngesikhathi sokulala . Kukhona odokotela abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni izimo ezifana ne-"Sleep Apnea".
• Odokotela Bezifo Zamaphaphu Bezingane: Ngokukhethekile, odokotela abangochwepheshe ezifweni zamaphaphu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18.
• Odokotela Bezifo Zamaphaphu Abagugile: Odokotela abanaka kakhulu izifo zamaphaphu kubantu asebekhulile, abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.

Yiziphi izimo eziphathwa yizazi ze-pulmonologists?

Odokotela bezifo zamaphaphu baphatha izifo eziningi zokuphefumula. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko:

• I-Asbestosis
• I-Aspergillosis
• Isifuba somoya
• I-Bronchiectasis
• I-Bronchitis - Lesi futhi yisimo sesikhathi eside esidinga ukudluliselwa kuchwepheshe.
• Isifo Se-Beryllium Esingapheli (i-Berylliosis)
• Isifo Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD): Lesi sivame kakhulu kubantu ababhema kakhulu.
• I-Pneumoconiosis Yabasebenzi Bamalahle - Isifo Samaphaphu Amnyama
• I-Cystic Fibrosis
• I-Emphysema - Lokhu kuyingxenye ye-COPD.
• Isifo Samaphaphu Esingaphakathi Kwezitho Zomzimba
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula okubangelwa yi-COVID yesikhathi eside
• Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-Silicosis
• Ukuphefumula komoya ngesikhathi sokulala
• Isifo sofuba

Lolu hlu aluphelele, kodwa lezi ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu.

Kungani udinga ukubona udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu?

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko uvame ukukudlulisela kudokotela wamaphaphu uma ecabanga ukuthi unesifo sokuphefumula esidinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wamaphaphu uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli: Ukukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa kufanele kube yimbangela yokukhathazeka.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Nakuba kujwayelekile ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngokuzikhandla kancane, kungaba kubi kakhulu uma unenkinga yokuphefumula ngisho noma umile nje.
• Ukwanda kwe-asthma (Ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma): Uma i-asthma yakho ingalawuleki futhi iba njalo.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina: Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo, kodwa futhi kungaba ngenxa yenkinga yamaphaphu.
• Ukukhala komoya umsindo wokukhala komoya ovela esifubeni.
• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokulala: Isibonelo, ukozela ngokweqile emini kanye nokuhona okukhulu.

Cabanga nje, umngane wakho ubelokhu ekhwehlela izinyanga eziningi, futhi naphezu kokuthatha imithi, kubonakala sengathi ayibe ngcono. Udokotela womndeni wakhe umthumele kudokotela wamaphaphu. Yilapho-ke sidinga khona lo chwepheshe wosizo.

Kwenzekani uma ubona udokotela wamaphaphu okokuqala?

Uma lokhu kungokokuqala ubonana nodokotela wezifo zamaphaphu, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha bese enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungaxoxa ngezizathu zakho zokuvakashela kanye nezimpawu zakho nodokotela.

Cabanga nje, bekuyoba kuhle kangakanani ukube ubungalungiselela kancane ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela, njengoba nje ufunda ukuhlolwa. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazibhala phansi:

Izinto ongazilungiselela ngaphambi komhlangano:

• Usunesikhathi esingakanani unezimpawu?
• Uke waphawula yini ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibangela izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu ? (isib. ezinye izifo zokuphefumula,ukucindezeleka, izinguquko ezithile zesimo sezulu).
• Zikhona yini izinto ezenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu noma zibe zimbi kakhulu ?
• Uyabhema? Uyabhema? Noma wake wakwenza lokho esikhathini esidlule?
• Ingabe ubhekene nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba noma izinto ezicasulayo emaphashini ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, noma indawo ohlala kuyo ? (isib., intuthu ebhemayo, amakhemikhali, okusanhlamvu, amapulazi ezilwane, izinyoni).
• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onezifo zokuphefumula?
• Unemibuzo ongathanda ukuyibuza udokotela ? (Kungumqondo omuhle ukuyibhala phansi kusengaphambili, kungenjalo ungase uyikhohlwe ngezinye izikhathi.)

Yini engase yenzeke ekupheleni komhlangano?

Ngemva kokubukeza izimpawu zakho nokukuhlola, udokotela wakho angase:

• Kuye kwa-odwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana.
• Uhlela ukuvakasha okulandelayo.
• Uncoma ukwelashwa noma unikeza imithi.
• Ukudluliselwa komunye uchwepheshe (isibonelo, uma inkinga yakho kucatshangwa ukuthi ihlobene nesifo senhliziyo).

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa yi-pulmonologist?

Udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu angase acele ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukusiza ekuxilongeni isimo sakho nokukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lokhu kungathola izinto ezifana nokutheleleka emzimbeni kanye nezimpawu zezinye izifo zamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scans (Computed Tomography Scans): Lokhu kungahlola isimo samaphaphu, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini isimila noma okunye ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwamaphaphu (ama-PFT): Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ungangenisa futhi ukhiphe umoya ongakanani.
• I-Spirometry: Lokhu futhi kuyi-PFT. Kukala ukuthi uphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi uphefumula umoya ongakanani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezifana ne-asthma kanye ne-COPD.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Ukuhlolwa lapho ithubhu elincane elifakwe ikhamera lidluliselwa khona embhobho womoya ukuze libheke ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Uma kudingeka, amasampula ezicubu (ama-biopsy) nawo angathathwa ngale nqubo.
• Izifundo Zokulala: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi zikhona yini izimo ezifana ne-Sleep Apnea.

Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zivivinyo zingadinga ukuphindaphindiwe noma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa imiphumela. Ungakhathazeki ngalokho, konke kumayelana nokukunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kukaDokotela Wokuphefumula noDokotela Wezifo Zamaphaphu?

Ngokuvamile, laba ababili bangochwepheshe abafanayo. Okusho ukuthi, 'uDokotela Wezifo Zamaphaphu'. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma sithi 'uDokotela Wezifo Zokuphefumula', kungasho futhi umuntu ofana 'noDokotela Wezifo Zokuphefumula', 'uDokotela Wezifo Zokungezwani Nomzimba', noma 'uDokotela Wezifo Zesifuba'. Bonke laba ngabantu abasiza ekuphatheni izici ezahlukene zezifo zamaphaphu nezokuphefumula.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kodokotela wenhliziyo nodokotela wamaphaphu?

Umehluko usemkhakheni wobungcweti. Udokotela Wenhliziyo unguchwepheshe wezifo zenhliziyo kanye nohlelo lwenhliziyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udokotela Wezifo Zamaphaphu unguchwepheshe wezifo zamaphaphu kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula.

Kodwa cabanga ngakho, inhliziyo namaphaphu ethu yizitho ezimbili ezisebenzisana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo esifana ne-`(Pulmonary Hypertension)` (pulmonary hypertension), kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela wamaphaphu. Ngoba esimweni esinjalo, kokubili inhliziyo namaphaphu kuyathinteka.

Uba kanjani isazi sezifo zamaphaphu?

Ukuba yi-pulmonologist akuwona umsebenzi olula. Kudinga iminyaka eminingi yemfundo nokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo . Ngemva kokuphothula i-MBBS yakho, udinga ukwenza ukuqeqeshwa kwe-postgraduate kwi-Internal Medicine. Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukwenza i-fellowship kwi-Pulmonology. Abanye abantu baqeqesha nakwezinye izifundo ezikhethekile, njengezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Lolu uhambo olude futhi ludinga ukuzinikela okukhulu.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu!

Ngokuvamile asicabangi ngisho nokuphefumula, akunjalo? Kodwa, yilapho sinenkinga encane kuphela lapho siqaphela khona ukubaluleka kwayo. Uma ukhwehlela njalo, noma uma uzizwa sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula njengoba wawunjalo ngaphambili, izifo zokuphefumula zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lethu lokuphila. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimo zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zihlale impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zingaphathwa kahle uma zixilongwa kahle futhi zelashwa.

Yilapho-ke udokotela wamaphaphu engena khona. Banokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuqonda ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lusebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ebangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nokuphelelwa umoya. Bangakusiza ukuthi uphathe izimo zakho zesikhathi eside futhi benze impilo yakho ibe lula kancane.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi udinga ukubona udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu, cela iseluleko kudokotela womndeni wakho noma komunye umhlinzeki wezempilo omethembayo. Bazokwazi ukukutshela ngqo ukuthi wenzeni. Khumbula, amaphaphu anempilo abalulekile empilweni enempilo!

'Udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu, uchwepheshe wamaphaphu, izifo zokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, i-asthma, i-COPD