Ingabe kukhona okusha embikweni wakho wokuhlolwa komchamo? Ake sixoxe nge-Urine Cytology!

Wake wezwa nge-'Urine Cytology test '? Kungenzeka ukuthi wesaba kancane lapho udokotela ekucela ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kuvame ukwenziwa ukuqinisekisa okuthile. Kalula nje, lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yomchamo wakho bese kuba nochwepheshe owuhlola ukuze abone ukuthi unamangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amaseli angase abe umdlavuza.

Iyini ngempela i-Urine Cytology?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini i-"Cytology" . I-Cytology isifundo samaseli angawodwa athathwe ezicutshini noma uketshezi emizimbeni yethu. Kulokhu, udokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile, obizwa ngokuthi i-"Cytopathologist," ubheka lawa maseli ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka noma izinguquko kuwo.

Ngakho-ke, i-urine cytology iwukuhlolwa okuthatha amaseli kusampula yomchamo wakho, kuwabheke ngaphansi kwe-microscope, bese ewahlola ukuthi awanayo yini inkinga, ikakhulukazi amaseli omdlavuza.

Lolu vivinyo (Urine Cytology) lwenziwa nini?

Lokhu kuhlolwa (kwe-Urine Cytology) kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukusiza ekuxilongeni umdlavuza wohlelo lomchamo . Okungukuthi:

• Umdlavuza wesinye
• Umdlavuza we-ureter, ipayipi elincane elithwala umchamo lisuka ezinso liye kwesinye
• Umdlavuza we-urethra, ipayipi elincane elithwala umchamo usuka kwesinyeni uye ngaphandle komzimba
• Izimo ezifana nomdlavuza wezinso .

Kodwa khumbula, odokotela abavamile ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa (i-Urine Cytology) bese benquma ngokushesha ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, benza nezinye izivivinyo eziningana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo kungaphinde kuthole izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge- cytomegalovirus (eyingxenye yomndeni wegciwane le-herpes).

Ingabe i-cytology yomchamo kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo ojwayelekile (ukuhlolwa komchamo) kuyinto efanayo?

Yebo, yize kokubili lokhu kuyizivivinyo ezenziwa kusetshenziswa umchamo, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili.

I-cytology yomchamo iwukuhlolwa okukhethekile kakhulu. Kuhilela ukubuka amangqamuzana asesampula yomchamo ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Isazi sezifo sibheka kakhulu amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa komchamo kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokuhlola umchamo odokotela abayisebenzisayo ukuxilonga nokuphatha izifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene, njengokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (i-UTIs) , isifo sezinso, kanye nesifo sikashukela .

Ukuhlolwa komchamo okuvamile kuhlola ukubukeka, ukuhlushwa, kanye nokuqukethwe komchamo. Kungabona ukuba khona kwamaseli, izingcezu zamaseli, noma amakristalu, amaprotheni, kanye ne-glucose (ushukela) emchameni.

Udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa komchamo ngesizathu esithile, kodwa isikhathi esiningi kuba ukuhlolwa okuvamile, mhlawumbe kanye ngonyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo akwenziwa kaningi, futhi kwenziwa kuphela uma kunezizathu ezithile kakhulu.

Udokotela uzokutshela nini ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa (kwe-Urine Cytology)?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unezimpawu zomdlavuza womgudu womchamo, angase acele ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria) .
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu njalo lapho uchama.
• Umuzwa wokushisa lapho uchama.

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology kungasiza ekutholeni izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, kunemikhawulo futhi. Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology akutholi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umuntu akanawo umdlavuza. Yingakho odokotela bevame ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana kanye nalokhu kuhlolwa, futhi bangase benze nokuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology futhi ngemva kwesikhashana.

Udokotela angase akucele ukuthi unikeze isampula yomchamo ukuze kuhlolwe i-cytology yomchamo ngezinye izizathu. Isibonelo:

• Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesinyi ngaphambili futhi wake wathola ukwelashwa, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi ubuyile yini.
• Uma une-UTI ephindaphindayo, qapha amagciwane emchameni wakho.
• Hlola ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ubani owenza lolu vivinyo (lwe-Urine Cytology)? Isampula ithathwa kanjani?

Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu owenza ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo uqoqa umchamo endebeni ehlanzekile endlini yokugezela yangasese. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isampula yomchamo ehlanzekile." Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kuqoqwe isampula yomchamo, isiguli noma umhlinzeki wezempilo kuzodingeka afake ithubhu elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter nge-urethra liye esinyeni.

Udokotela angase futhi athathe isampula yomchamo ukuze ahlolwe i-cytology yomchamo ngesikhathi se-cystoscopy , inqubo lapho udokotela esebenzisa ithuluzi elincane elifakwe ikhamera ukuhlola ingaphakathi lesinye kanye ne-urethra.

Umhlinzeki wezempilo ube esethumela isampula yomchamo elabhorethri. Udokotela wezifo noma udokotela wezifo uhlola amaseli esampula yomchamo ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese elungiselela umbiko.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Kufanele unikeze umchamo ukuze uhlolwe i-Urine Cytology ngemva kokuchama ekuseni.. Isizathu ukuthi amangqamuzana asemchameni abesesinyini isikhathi eside, okungukuthi, ubusuku bonke, angawohloka kancane kancane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunzima ukuthi udokotela wezifo ahlole amangqamuzana ngokucacile ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngakho-ke, isampula oyinikezayo yokuhlolwa kwakho (i-Urine Cytology) akufanele ibe yinto yokuqala ekuseni.

Cishe kuzodingeka wenze i-aphoyintimenti esibhedlela noma elebhu ukuze uhlole umchamo.

Yiziphi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ekwenzeni ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo?

Ngokuvamile kunezinyathelo ezine eziyinhloko ekuhlolweni kwe-cytology yomchamo:

1. Ukuqoqa isampula yomchamo.

2. Ukulungiselela amaseli kusampula yomchamo.

3. Ukuhlola amaseli kusampula yomchamo.

4. Isaziso semiphumela.

Kulungile, ake sibheke lezi zinyathelo ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Ukuqoqa isampula yomchamo

Ezimweni eziningi, isampula yokuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology iqoqwa ngumuntu owenza ukuhlolwa.

Ngaphambi kokuba ulande isampula yakho yomchamo, udokotela wakho angakunika ikhithi ekhethekile. Ingase ibe nesisombululo kanye nama-sanitary wipes okuhlanza indawo yakho yangasese. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimba amagciwane angaphandle kwe-urethra yakho, njengesikhumba esisebunzini noma epenis yakho, ukuthi angangeni kusampula yomchamo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yokusebenzisa la ma-clean wipes ngqo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukhiphe umchamo endlini yangasese bese uqoqa okusele endebeni engenamagciwane. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi udinga umchamo ongakanani ukuze uhlolwe.

Kwezinye izimo, wena noma udokotela kungadingeka nifake i-catheter bese nithatha isampula yomchamo.

Udokotela angase futhi athathe isampula yomchamo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-cystoscopy .

Udokotela wakho uzobe esethumela le sampula yomchamo elabhorethri.

Ukulungiselela amaseli avela kusampula yomchamo

Ngemva kokuba isampula yomchamo isiqoqiwe, isazi sezifo noma uchwepheshe webhubhu angasebenzisa umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-centrifuge ukuhlukanisa amaseli afuna ukuwabuka kumchamo. I-centrifuge ijikeleza isampula ngokushesha okukhulu, ihlukanise amaseli koketshezi. Isazi sezifo sibe sesibeka amaseli ku-slide ye-microscope bese ewadaya ngodayi abakhethekile. Lokhu kupenda kuvumela isazi sezifo ukuthi sibone ezinye zezici zamaseli ngokucacile lapho ebhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ukuhlola amaseli kusampula

Ngemva kokuba udokotela wezifo noma uchwepheshe webhubhu elungise futhi egcoba isampula yeseli lomchamo, babheka amaseli ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuthi akhona yini amaseli angajwayelekile. Uma bethola amaseli angajwayelekile, bamaka izindawo eziku-slide lapho amaseli ayekhona ngepeni elikhethekile. Udokotela wezifo ube esedala umbiko.

Isaziso semiphumela

Ngemva kokuba udokotela wezifo elungiselele umbiko, uzothunyelwa kudokotela wakho .Izothunyelwa. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela bese enquma ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ibuye. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa komchamo kunemikhawulo, udokotela wakho cishe uzo-oda ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze abheke umdlavuza emgudwini womchamo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, udokotela wakho angase afune ukukutshela ngomphumela ngamunye wokuhlolwa njengoba ufika. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi inqubo izohamba kanjani, okuhlanganisa nokunquma imiphumela nokukwazisa.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalolu vivinyo?

Abantu abaningi benza ukuhlolwa komchamo ngokufaka umchamo enkomishini engenamagciwane, ngakho-ke akukho zingozi noma imiphumela emibi.

Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho esebenzisa i-catheter (ipayipi elincane elifakwa ku-urethra yakho) ukuze aqoqe umchamo, unengozi encane yokuthola ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI) . Kodwa-ke, ama-UTI ayizifo ezivamile futhi ezingelapheka.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Urine Cytology iphuma kanjani? Isho ukuthini?

Odokotela bezifo bangase basebenzise amagama ahlukene embikweni we-cytology yomchamo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela imiphumela. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo.

Ngokuvamile, imiphumela isho ukuthi amaseli asesampula yomchamo awanawo yini umphumela omuhle noma omuhle kumaseli angajwayelekile, amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza, kanye/noma amaseli omdlavuza.

Umbiko wakho wemiphumela ungase uqukathe amagama anjengokuthi:

• Isampula engagculisi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kungabi namaseli anele kusampula yakho yomchamo ukuze udokotela wezifo akubone. Kuzodingeka unikeze esinye isampula yomchamo uma kunjalo.
• I-Negative ye-urothelial carcinoma yezinga eliphezulu: Lokhu kusho ukuthi isazi sezifo asitholanga amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amangqamuzana angajwayelekile kusampula yomchamo wakho.
• Amaseli e-urothelial angavamile: Lokhu kusho ukuthi isazi sezifo sithole ukukhubazeka okuthile kusampula yomchamo wakho, kodwa amaseli awavamile ngokwanele ukuthi abhekwe njengomdlavuza.
• Kusolisa nge-urothelial carcinoma yezinga eliphezulu: Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela wezifo uthole amangqamuzana angajwayelekile kusampula yomchamo wakho angaba umdlavuza.
• Kuhle kakhulu ku-urothelial carcinoma esezingeni eliphezulu: Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela wezifo uthole amangqamuzana omdlavuza emchameni wakho.

Amaseli angajwayelekile emchameni wakho angaba uphawu lokuthi umgudu wakho womchamo uvuvukele . Uma uke welashwa ngemisebe eduze kwesinye, ungase ube namaseli angajwayelekile emchameni wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo kungasiza kuphela ekuxilongeni umdlavuza. Odokotela abakusebenzisi lokhu kuphela ukuze bathole ukuthi unomdlavuza womgudu womchamo. Uma umchamo wakho uqukethe amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, asolisayo, noma anomdlavuza, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge -cystoscopy noma i-CT scan, ukuze kuhlolwe esinyeni sakho kanye ne-urethra.

Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-Urine Cytology ifike sincike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ukubuza udokotela wezifo ukuthi udinga ukubona amasampula engeziwe.
• Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kudinga amabala noma izinqubo ezikhethekile yini.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga umbono wesibili kudokotela wakho noma kudokotela wezifo.
• Ingabe usukwenzile okunye ukuhlola?
• Isikhathi sokucubungula isampula.

Ngenxa yokuthi isimo somuntu wonke sihlukile, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela.

Inembile kangakanani i-urine cytology test?

I-cytology yomchamo iwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni izimila ezihlaselayo zezinga eliphezulu ( amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula futhi asakazeke ngokushesha) kanye ne-carcinoma in situ (iqembu lamangqamuzana angajwayelekile ahlala lapho aqala khona ukwakheka). Inesilinganiso sokunemba esingu-95% ekutholeni lezi zimo ezimbili.

Kodwa-ke, i-urine cytology ayisebenzi kahle ekutholeni i-carcinoma esezingeni eliphansi (amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula futhi asakazeke). Inesilinganiso sokunemba esingu-10% kuya ku-50% kumdlavuza onjalo. Iphinde ibe nesilinganiso esibalulekile sokungalungi kwalesi simo. Okusho ukuthi, imiphumela ye-urine cytology ingabonisa ukuthi umuntu akanayo i-carcinoma esezingeni eliphansi, kodwa ezinye izivivinyo zingabonisa ukuthi umuntu une-carcinoma esezingeni eliphansi.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo ekuxilongweni komdlavuza womgudu womchamo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unomdlavuza womgudu womchamo, kuzodingeka ube nokungaphezu nje kokuhlolwa kwe-cytology yomchamo. Ngesikhathi ulinde imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuxilonga kungaba yinto ecindezelayo, yazi ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukukusekela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela ithini. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo kulo lonke lolu hlelo.

I- Cytology Yomchamo, Ukuhlolwa Komchamo, Umdlavuza, Umdlavuza Wesinye, Umdlavuza Wezinso, Ukuhlolwa Kwamaseli