Cishe uke wezwa nge- 'testosterone ' `( testosterone )`. Leli yigama elivame ukuhlotshaniswa namandla wesilisa, amandla, kanye nokubukeka komzimba. Kodwa-ke, le hormone ebalulekile ayigcini nje kwabesilisa. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini ngempela i-testosterone, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ithinta kanjani umzimba wakho.
Iyini Ngempela I-Testosterone?
Ukuze siqonde indima yayo, ake siqale ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Kalula nje, i-testosterone iyi- hormone . Ikhiqizwa kakhulu yizindlala zakho zobulili, ezaziwa nangokuthi '(gonads)' zakho. Ngokuqondile, ikhiqizwa kuma -testicles '(testicles)' emadodeni, kanye nasema -ovari '( ama-ovari )' kwabesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlala zakho ze-adrenal `(izindlala ze-adrenal)` zikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-dehydroepiandrosterone `(Dehydroepiandrosterone - DHEA)`. Umzimba wakho ube usuguqula le `(DHEA)` ibe amanye ama-hormone , okuhlanganisa i-testosterone kanye ne-estrogen `(estrogen)`.
I-Testosterone iyi- androgen eyinhloko '(androgen)' . I-androgen iyi-hormone ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zesilisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amadoda ngokwemvelo anamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-testosterone emizimbeni yawo.
Ingabe i-Testosterone iyi-steroid?
Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe i-testosterone iyi-steroid?" Yebo, i-testosterone yemvelo ngempela iyi-steroid —ehlukaniswe ngokukhethekile njenge-steroid ye-anabolic-androgenic `(i-steroid ye-anabolic-androgenic)`. I-"Anabolic" `(Anabolic)` ibhekisela ekwakheni imisipha, kuyilapho i-"androgenic" `(androgenic)` ibhekisela ekuthuthukisweni kwezici zobulili zesilisa.
Kodwa-ke, lapho abantu bevame ukubhekisela ku-"anabolic steroids" `(anabolic steroids)`, bavame ukukhuluma ngezinguqulo zokwenziwa (ezenziwe ngumuntu) ze-testosterone ezenziwe elabhorethri. Lezi yizinto ngezinye izikhathi ezijovwayo noma ezithathwa ngendlela engafanele.
Ngokombono wezokwelapha, ochwepheshe bezempilo banikeza i-testosterone yokwenziwa ukuze kwelashwe futhi kuphathwe izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, iyisakhi esiyinhloko esisetshenziswa ekwelapheni ama-hormone `(Ukwelapheni Ama-hormone Okukhulisa Ukukhula)`.
Ngeshwa, abanye abasubathi nabakhi bomzimba basebenzisa kabi i-testosterone yokwenziwa (ama-anabolic steroids) ngemithamo ephezulu ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza noma bashintshe ukubukeka kwabo ngokomzimba. Lolu hlobo lokusebenzisa kabi lungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungabangela izinkinga zempilo eziyingozi njengezinhlayiya zegazi (izinhlayiya zegazi) (uhlangothi), isifo sohlangothi (uhlangothi) (uhlangothi), futhi kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wendlala (umdlavuza wendlala ). Ukusebenzisa lezi zinto ngaphandle kokuqashwa ngudokotela kuyingozi kakhulu futhi akukhuthazwa.
Yini Eyenziwa yi-Testosterone Emzimbeni Wakho?
Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela indima ye-testosterone `(Testosterone)` emzimbeni wakho? Imisebenzi yayo iyashintsha futhi ivumelane nezigaba ezahlukene zokuphila kwakho. Ake sibheke ukuthi isebenza kanjani phakathi nalezi zigaba ezibalulekile:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane `(Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane)`
- Ukuthomba kwabesilisa `(Ukuthomba kwabantwana besilisa)`
- Ubudala `(Ubudala)`
Indima Ye-Testosterone Ekuthuthukisweni Kwengane Esanda Kuzalwa
Njengoba ingane ikhula esibelethweni, i-gene enquma ubulili ku-chromosome Y ibangela ukukhula kwama-testes '(ama-testicles)' ezingane zesilisa cishe emavikini ayisikhombisa okukhulelwa. La ma-testes abe eseqala ukukhiqiza i-testosterone.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba somntwana osanda kuzalwa, i-testosterone iyona ebangela kakhuluukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zokuzala zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zesilisa.
I-Testosterone Ngesikhathi Sokuthomba Kwabesilisa
Uma umfana engena ebusheni, i-testosterone ibangela izinguquko ezinkulu zomzimba ezenzekayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukukhula okusheshayo kokuphakama.
- Ukukhula kwezinwele zomzimba, zobuso, nezesitho sangasese.
- Ukukhula kwepenisi `(ipenisi)`, amasende `(amasende)`, kanye ne-prostate gland `(i-prostate gland)`.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso socansi '(i-libido)' kanye nokuqwashisa ngocansi.
I-Testosterone Kwabesilisa Abadala
Lapho abantu abadala bekhula, amadoda adinga i-testosterone ukuze akhiqize isidoda . Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyasiza:
- Tshela umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize amangqamuzana amasha egazi abomvu.
- Gcina amathambo aqinile kanye nemisipha eqinile.
- Lawula isifiso socansi `(libido)` futhi usekele isimo sengqondo esizinzile.
I-Testosterone Kwabesifazane Abadala
Ungase uzibuze, "Ingabe abesifazane nabo bayayidinga i-testosterone?" Impela. Kwabesifazane, i-testosterone idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni isifiso socansi '(i-libido)'. Kodwa-ke, iningi le-testosterone ekhiqizwa ama-ovari '(ama-ovari)' liguqulwa libe yi-estradiol '(estradiol)' , okuyi-hormone yocansi yabesifazane eyinhloko.
Ilawulwa Kanjani Izinga Lakho Le-Testosterone?
Umzimba wakho uwagcina kanjani amazinga e-testosterone `(Testosterone)` egazini lakho elawulwa? Incike ohlelweni lokuphendula lwangaphakathi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-testosterone yakho aphezulu ekuseni futhi ancipha kancane kancane njengoba usuku luqhubeka.
Inani le-testosterone elikhiqizwa futhi likhishwe yi-gonads yakho `(gonads)`—amasende akho `(amasende)` noma ama-ovari `(ama-ovari)`—lilawulwa yizindawo ezimbili ezibalulekile ebuchosheni bakho: i-hypothalamus `(Hypothalamus)` kanye ne-pituitary gland `(i-pituitary gland)`.
Nasi ukubuka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani:
1. I-hypothalamus yakho `(Hypothalamus)` ikhipha i-gonadotropin-releasing hormone `(i-Gonadotropin-releasing hormone – GnRH)`.
2. Lokhu `(GnRH)` kukhombisa indlala yakho ye-pituitary `(indlala ye-pituitary)` ukuthi ikhiphe i-luteinizing hormone `(i-Luteinizing hormone – LH)`.
3. I-`(LH)` ihamba ngegazi lakho iye kuma-gonad akho`(gonad)`, iwakhuthaza ukuthi akhiqize futhi akhiphe i-testosterone. (Emaqanda abesifazane,`(LH)` ngokuyinhloko ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen`(estrogen)` kanye ne-progesterone`(progesterone)`.)
Njengoba amazinga e-testosterone egazini lakho ekhuphuka, atshela i-hypothalamus ukuthi inciphise ukukhishwa kwe-`(GnRH)`. Le mpendulo engemihle isiza ukugcina i-testosterone yakho ingaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, isebenza njenge- thermostat ezenzakalelayo .
Uma noma iyiphi ingxenye yalolu hlu—i-hypothalamus `(Hypothalamus)`, i-pituitary gland `(Pituitary gland)`, noma i-gonads `(gonads)`—ingasebenzi kahle, kungaholela emazingeni e-testosterone angajwayelekile.
Yiziphi Izivivinyo Ezilinganisa Amazinga e-Testosterone?
Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo esola ukuthi amazinga akho e-testosterone `(Testosterone)` angaphandle kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukodwa noma ngaphezulu, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-testosterone ephelele `(Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-testosterone ephelele)`: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ekuseni lapho amazinga akho e-testosterone eseqophelweni eliphezulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-follicle-stimulating hormone `(Follicle-stimulating hormone – FSH)`.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hormone ye-luteinizing `(i-hormone ye-luteinizing - LH)`.
Ayini Amazinga E-Testosterone Ajwayelekile Ngokweminyaka?
Yiziphi izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokubhekisela ze-testosterone `(Testosterone)`? Lezi zindinganiso zilinganiswa ngama-nanogram nge-deciliter `(ng/dL)`.
Sicela ukhumbuleukuthi lokho okubhekwa "njengokujwayelekile" kungahluka kancane kuye ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile okusetshenzisiwe kanye nelabhorethri `(ilabhorethri)` ehlaziya isampula yakho. Udokotela wakho uzohlala echaza imiphumela yakho ngokusekelwe kububanzi obuthile bokubhekisela obunikezwe yilebhu yokuhlola. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinombolo zakho, kungcono ukuxoxa ngazo ngqo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
Ngezansi kuneziqondiso ezijwayelekile zamazinga ajwayelekile e-testosterone:
Amazinga E-Testosterone Ajwayelekile Kwabesilisa `(ng/dL)`:
- Izinyanga ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-5: 75 – 400
- Izinyanga ezi-6 kuya eminyakeni eyi-9: Ngaphansi kwe-7
- Iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-11: 7 – 130
- Iminyaka eyi-12 kuya kweyi-13: 7 – 800
- Iminyaka eyi-14: 7 – 1,200
- Iminyaka eyi-15 kuya kweyi-16: 100 – 1,200
- Iminyaka eyi-17 kuya kweyi-18: 300 – 1,200
- Iminyaka eyi-19+: 240 – 950
Amazinga e-Testosterone ajwayelekile kwabesifazane `(ng/dL)`:
- Izinyanga ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-5: 20 – 80
- Izinyanga ezi-6 kuya eminyakeni eyi-9: Ngaphansi kwe-7
- Iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-11: 7 – 44
- Iminyaka eyi-12 kuya kweyi-16: 7 – 75
- Iminyaka eyi-17 kuya kweyi-18: 20 – 75
- Iminyaka eyi-19+: 8 – 60
Sicela uqaphele: Lezi zinombolo ziyizinhlu zokubhekisela ezijwayelekile. Ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini kuphrofayela yakho yezempilo ehlukile.
Yini Ebangela Amazinga E-Testosterone Aphezulu?
Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha zingabangela umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize i-testosterone eningi (i-Testosterone)`. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome `(I-Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome – I-PCOS)`: Lokhu ukungalingani kwama-hormone okuvamile okuthinta abantu abanama-ovari. Ama-ovari akhiqiza ama-androgens amaningi `(ama-androgens)`, ikakhulukazi i-testosterone. Lokhu kungalingani kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhula kwezinwele okungafuneki, induna, kanye nokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile.
- I-Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia `(Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia – CAH)`: `(CAH)` iyiqembu lezinkinga zofuzo `(ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo)` ezibangela ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme abalulekile `(ama-enzyme)` ezindlaleni ze-adrenal. Lawa ma-enzyme ayadingeka ukuze kwenziwe i-cortisol `(i-cortisol)`—i-hormone esiza umzimba wakho ukusabela ekucindezelekeni. Ngaphandle kwawo, ama-adrenal glands akhiqiza ngokweqile amanye ama-hormone, kufaka phakathi i-testosterone.
- Izimila zesibeletho noma zamasende `(izimila zesibeletho noma zamasende)`: Izimila ezithile zamasende noma amasende zingakhipha inani elikhulu lama-androgens `(androgen)`.
- Izimila ze-Adrenal `(Izimila ze-Adrenal)`: Nakuba zingavamile, ezinye izimila ezindlaleni ze-adrenal zingakhiqiza ama-hormone ocansi ngokweqile, okuhlanganisa ama-androgens (testosterone), i-estrogen `(estrogen)`, noma kokubili.
Imiphumela ye-testosterone ephezulu `(Testosterone)` emzimbeni wakho iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngobulili obabelwe ekuzalweni kwakho kanye neminyaka yakho.
I-Testosterone Ephakeme Kwabesilisa
Kwabesilisa abadala, amazinga aphezulu e-testosterone ayenzeka ngokwemvelo awavamile futhi ngokuvamile awavezi zimpawu ezibonakalayo zodwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma abafana abancane benamazinga aphezulu e-testosterone, kungabangela ukuthomba kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (kwasekuqaleni) `(ukuthomba kwangaphambi kwesikhathi)` , okusho ukuthi ukuthomba kuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.
I-Testosterone Ephakeme Kwabesifazane
Ezinsaneni zesifazane, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-testosterone angabangela izitho zangasese ezingacacile, njenge-clitoris ekhulisiwe. Emantombazaneni amancane, kungaholela nasekuthombeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (kwasekuqaleni) `(ukuthomba kwangaphambi kwesikhathi)`, lapho ukuthomba kuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
Kwabesifazane abadala, i-testosterone ephezulu ivame ukuba yisibonakaliso esibalulekile se-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome `(PCOS)` . Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu, esithinta abesifazane abafinyelela ku-15% abaseminyakeni yokuzala.
`(PCOS)` ingaholela ezimpawini ezifana nalezi:
- Induna enamandla `(Induna)`.
- Ukukhula kwezinwele ngokweqile ebusweni nasemzimbeni (isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-hirsutism `(hirsutism)`).
- Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile noma okuphuthelwe `(Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile)`.
- Izinwele ezinciphayo noma eziba yimpandla njengezabesilisa.
- Ukujula kwezwi.
Kwenzekani Uma Amazinga Akho E-Testosterone Ephansi?
Ake sixoxe ngokuthi kwenzekani lapho amazinga e-testosterone `(Testosterone)` ehla ngaphansi kwejwayelekile . Ngokuvamile, i-testosterone ephansi ibangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa, isimo esaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-hypogonadism yabesilisa `(i-hypogonadism yabesilisa)`.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-hypogonadism yabesilisa (i-hypogonadism yabesilisa): i-classical (engaba yinto yokuzalwa noma etholwe) kanye ne-late-onset.
I-hypogonadism yabesilisa yakudala `(I-hypogonadism yabesilisa yakudala)` yenzeka lapho isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo, ukulimala, noma isifo sithinta amasende `(amasende)`, i-pituitary gland `(i-pituitary gland)`, noma i-hypothalamus `(i-hypothalamus)`. Lokhu kungaba yinto yokuzalwa (ekhona kusukela ekuzalweni, njenge-Klinefelter syndrome `(I-Klinefelter syndrome)` noma i-Kallmann syndrome `(I-Kallmann syndrome)`) noma etholwe kamuva empilweni ngenxa yokulimala, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izifo (ezitholwe).
I-hypogonadism yabesilisa eqala sekwephuzile `(i-hypogonadism yabesilisa eqala sekwephuzile)` ivele ngenxa yokuguga kanye nezimo zempilo ezihlobene nokuguga, ikakhulukazi ukukhuluphala `(ukukhuluphala)` kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 `(isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2)`. Lesi simo sithinta cishe ama-2% amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.
Izimpawu ze-testosterone ephansi zincike kakhulu ekutheni ukuntuleka kwayo kuqala nini.
I-Testosterone Ephansi Ngesikhathi Sokuthuthukiswa Kwengane Encane
Ukuntuleka kwe-testosterone `(ukuntuleka kwe-Testosterone)` ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane kungavimbela izici zomzimba ezivamile zesilisa ukuthi zakheke kahle. Isibonelo esiyinhloko salokhu yi-Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome `(Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome – AIS)`, eyenzeka lapho ingane yesilisa ezalwa ngokwezakhi zofuzo ingakwazi ukuphendula kuma-androgens `(androgens)` (ama-hormone esilisa).
`(AIS)` ihlukaniswa njengokuphazamiseka kokukhula kobulili `(ukuphazamiseka kokuhlukanisa ubulili)`. Kuthinta ukukhula kobulili esibelethweni kanye nangesikhathi sokuthomba. Ngenxa yalokho, izitho zokuzala zesilisa ezivamile zingase zingakhuli ngokugcwele, futhi abantu bavame ukuthintwa ukungazali `(ukungazali)` lapho sebekhulile.
I-Testosterone Ephansi Ngesikhathi Sokuthomba
Uma umfana eba nokuntuleka kwe-testosterone `(ukuntuleka kwe-Testosterone)` ngesikhathi sokuthomba, kungabambezela noma kuphazamise ukukhula, okuholela ku:
- Izinga lokukhula elihamba kancane, yize izingalo nemilenze kungakhula isikhathi eside ngokungalingani uma kuqhathaniswa nesiqu.
- Uboya obuncane noma obungekho esithweni sangasese nasemzimbeni.
- Ukukhula okunciphile kwepenis `(penis)` kanye namasende `(amasende)`.
- Ukwehluleka kwezwi ukujula.
- Ukuncipha kwamandla omzimba kanye nokukhuthazela uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga.
I-Testosterone Ephansi Kwabesilisa Abadala
Nakuba ukwehla kancane kancane kwe-testosterone `(Testosterone)` kuyingxenye yemvelo yokuguga, ukwehla okukhulu ebudaleni kungaveza izimpawu eziphawulekayo, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukulahlekelwa kwemisipha okungachazeki kanye nokwanda kwamafutha emzimbeni.
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele zomzimba nezobuso.
- Isimo sengqondo sokucindezeleka `(Isimo sengqondo sokucindezeleka)` noma ukucasuka.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile `(Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile)`.
- Isifiso socansi esiphansi `(Isifiso socansi esiphansi)`.
- Amathambo anciphayo noma aqhekekayo, aziwa ngokuthi i-osteoporosis `(Osteoporosis)`.
- Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo noma ukushintsha inkumbulo.
Kufanele Uthintane Nini Nodokotela Mayelana Namazinga Akho E-Testosterone?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-testosterone ephezulu noma ephansi (i-Testosterone) kuwe, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wakho . Bangenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezifanele noma bakuthumele kuchwepheshe (uchwepheshe)`, njengodokotela we-endocrinologist, ukuze bakusize uthole izimpendulo.
I-Testosterone ibalulekile enhlalakahleni yakho iyonke kanye nempilo yokuzala. Nakuba kungokwemvelo ukuthi amazinga akho ama-hormone ashintshe ngokuya ngeminyaka, ukungalingani okuqhubekayo kungabangela izimpawu ezingakhululekile futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezitholakalayo ukusiza ukubuyisela ibhalansi.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzikhumbule: Okufanele Uzikhumbule
Ake sifingqe amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-testosterone okufanele uwakhumbule:
- I-Testosterone `(Testosterone)` iyi-hormone ebalulekile kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ikhona emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu kwabesilisa futhi ibalulekile ezicini zomzimba zabesilisa.
- Kuyi-steroid `(steroid)` eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-steroid e-anabolic okwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kuyingozi futhi kunezingozi ezinkulu zempilo.
- Amazinga aphezulu kanye naphansi e-testosterone angabangela izinkinga zempilo. Ukuthola imbangela eyisisekelo ngosizo lukadokotela kubalulekile ekutholeni ukwelashwa okufanele.
- Uma usola ukuthi unokungalingani kwama-hormone noma ubhekene nezimpawu ezingavamile, unganqikazi noma uzizwe unamahloni okukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo. Udokotela wakho ukhona ukuzokusiza, futhi ukufuna isiqondiso sezokwelapha kuyisinyathelo esingcono kakhulu ongasithatha.
Khumbula, ukubeka impilo yakho phambili kuyisibonakaliso samandla. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukuxhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo noma nini lapho unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngomzimba wakho.
Amathegi: I-Testosterone, Ama-hormone, Impilo Yabesilisa, Impilo Yabesifazane, Ukuthomba, Ama-hormone Ocansi, I-Hypogonadism
