Ingabe unomdlavuza we-urethra? Ake sifunde ngawo.

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ungavamile noma ubuhlungu uma uchama ? Noma uke waphawula igazi emchameni wakho? Lezi zinto ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zomdlavuza emgudwini womchamo. Ungakhathazeki, akuwona wonke umuntu okuthola lokhu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Urethral Cancer .

Uyini Umdlavuza We-Urethral?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza we-urethra uyenzeka lapho amangqamuzana amabi ekhula ezicutshini ze-urethra yakho (urethra). Uyazi ukuthi iyini i-urethra ? Yipayipi elithwala umchamo usuka kwesinyeni sakho uye ngaphandle komzimba wakho.

Cabanga nje, endodeni, i-urethra ivame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-2.5 ubude. Iphuma emzimbeni ngendlala ye-prostate kanye nepenis . Umchamo awudluli nje kuphela kulokhu, kodwa isidoda kanye nesidoda (i-ejaculate) nakho kuphuma ngale ndlela efanayo.

Kowesifazane, i-urethra ingamasentimitha angu-2. Itholakala ngaphezu kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ngaphakathi nje kwe-labia.

Umdlavuza ungavela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zamaseli angaphakathi kwe-urethra. Sivame ukubiza ngalinye lala maseli ngokuthi “umdlavuza we-urethral.” Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko:

• I-Transitional (urothelial) cell carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luvela engxenyeni yomgudu womchamo eseduze nesinye. Empeleni uhlobo lomdlavuza olufana nomdlavuza wesinye.
• I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Lolu hlobo luvame ukuvela e-urethra (eduze kwesihloko sepenis) kwabesilisa nasesithweni sangasese sangasese kwabesifazane. Luhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu.
• I-Adenocarcinoma: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela ezindlaleni eziseduze ne-urethra. Luvame kakhulu ezikhwameni ezincane ezise-urethra, njenge-urethral diverticulum.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza ungabulala?

Yebo, kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza we-urethra ungabulala.Uma lo mdlavuza ukhula futhi usakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kungaba nzima ukuwulapha futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu bese ufuna ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Lingakanani izinga lami lokusinda uma nginomdlavuza we-urethra?

Lesi yisihloko esibucayi okufanele sikhulume ngaso. Njengoba umdlavuza we-Urethral uwuhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu , kunzima ukunikeza izinga elicacile lokusinda kwawo. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva, isikhathi esimaphakathi sokusinda komuntu onalo mdlavuza cishe siyiminyaka emine. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa cishe lingama-46%, kanti izinga lokusinda kweminyaka eyishumi cishe lingama-31%.

Kodwa lezi zinto zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kunezici eziningana ezingathinta amathuba akho okululama:

• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• Usayizi wesimila.
• Isigaba somdlavuza.
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukungesabi, kodwa ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese ucela ukwelashwa okufanele isimo sakho.

Ubani othola umdlavuza we-urethra?

Noma ubani angaba nalo mdlavuza, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu :

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
• Abantu abamnyama (lokhu kusekelwe ezifundweni zakwamanye amazwe, isimo eSri Lanka singase sihluke).
• Amadoda. (Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lokhu kunabesifazane.)
• Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wesinyi ngaphambili.
• Abantu abanezimo ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra, njengezifo ezivame ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo (UTIs) noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs).
• Abantu abangenwe yi-Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza?

Umdlavuza we-urethral uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. Ngisho nase-United States, kubikwe amacala angu-1,615 kuphela alo mdlavuza kusukela ngo-1973 kuya ku-2002. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lubangela ngaphansi kwe-1% yazo zonke izifo ezitholakala kumdlavuza.

Lo mdlavuza uvame ukuvela uneminyaka emingaki?

Lo mdlavuza uvame ukubonakala kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engama-60. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi abantu abangaphansi kwalokho bawuthole.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-urethra?

Ngokuvamile, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala zalo mdlavuza. Leso ngesinye sezici eziyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa uma izimpawu zivela, ngokuvamile zingaba kanje:

• Igazi emchameni (hematuria). Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu.
• Ukugeleza komchamo okuhamba kancane noma okuma kancane.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu lapho uchama.
• Ukudinga ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile.
• Ukuzwa iqhubu noma ukuqina endaweni ephakathi kwepenisi kanye ne-rectum (perineum).
• Uketshezi olucacile, olumhlophe, noma olungenambala oluphuma e-urethra (ukukhishwa komchamo).
• Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node endaweni ye-groin.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha. Lezi akuzona njalo izimpawu zomdlavuza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza we-urethra?

Odokotela nabacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lo mdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlobene nokuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kanye nokutheleleka kwe-urethra. Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zingandisa ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza:

• Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI).
• I-Human papillomavirus `(HPV)`.
• Ukubhema.
• Ukuqina komchamo.
• Ukukhula okunenyama e-urethra (i-Urethral caruncle).
• Ukwakheka kwezingxenye ze-urethra ezifana nesikhwama (i-Urethral diverticulum).
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter ngaphakathi kuyisenzo sokushiya ama-catheter endaweni yawo isikhathi eside.

Lo mdlavuza usakazeka kuphi okokuqala?

Umdlavuza we-urethral uvame ukusabalala kuqala ezicutshini ezizungeze i-urethra. Ungabe ususabalala uye kuma-lymph node endaweni ye-groin. Ngenxa yalokho, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho.

Umdlavuza We-Urethral Uhlolwa Kanjani? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza we-urethra, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukuhlolela umzimba ngokuphelele. Bazokubuza nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nomdlavuza wesinye noma we-urethra.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lo mdlavuza. Lezi yizi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic: (Kwabesifazane) Udokotela uzohlola isibeletho sakho, umlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, amashubhu e-fallopian, ama-ovari, isinye, kanye ne-rectum ukuze ahlole izimila noma ezinye izinkinga. Bangase futhi bathathe amasampula eseli ukuze bawabheke ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-rectal kwedijithali:Udokotela uzohlola i-rectum yakho kanye ne-anus yakho ukuze athole ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle. Uma ungumuntu wesilisa, bazohlola ne-prostate gland yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa igazi elincane emthanjeni osengalweni yakho ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezahlukahlukene , njengokusebenza kwezinso kanye namazinga amaseli egazi.
• Ukuhlolwa Komchamo: Uchamela enkomishini ekhethekile, ethunyelwa elebhu ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka izinto ezifana nombala womchamo wakho, ushukela, amaprotheni, kanye namazinga eseli legazi.
• I-cytology yomchamo: Kuthathwa isampula yomchamo wakho ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza olwelwesini lwesinyi kanye nengxenye ye-urethra eseduze nesinye.
• I-Cystoscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane, elikhanyayo, nelifakwe ikhamera (i-cystoscope) nge-urethra yakho kanye nesinyeni sakho. Ingabheka ngaphakathi kwe-urethra yakho kanye nesinyeni. Uma kudingeka, isampula yezicubu ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• I-Ureteroscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane, elikhanyayo, nelinelensi (ureteroscope) nge-urethra ukuhlola izinso nama-ureter (amathubhu amabili amade, amancane athwala umchamo usuka ezinso uye kwesinye). Amasampula ezicubu nawo angathathwa lapha.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zesisu sakho kanye nomgodi waso, kudala isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) sezicubu ezikuleyo ndawo.
• I-Biopsy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa olusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona yini. Udokotela uthatha isampula yamaseli noma izicubu ezivela ku-urethra, esinyeni, noma ku-prostate bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlole amaseli omdlavuza.

Umdlavuza we-Urethral welashwa kanjani ?

Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa yizici eziningana:

• Indawo ethintekile ye-urethra.
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba .
• Ubulili bakho bokuzalwa (owesilisa noma owesifazane)
• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• Ingabe lo mdlavuza musha noma usuphinde wavela ?

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa:Udokotela wezifo zomchamo (udokotela ochwepheshe bezifo zohlelo lomchamo) wenza lo msebenzi wokuhlinzwa. Ususa isimila. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudingeke kususwe isinyi, i-urethra, i-prostate, ama-lymph node, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma ngisho nepenis. Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu yomdlavuza we-urethra.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Udokotela ohlinzayo ngemisebe, udokotela ochwepheshe ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni umdlavuza, usebenzisa imisebe ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza usebenzisa imithi ekhethekile yokulwa nomdlavuza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokuwavimba ukuthi angaphindaphindi.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase ancome uhlelo lokwelapha oluhlanganisa olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kwelashwa. Khuluma naye ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikulungele.

Ungayiphatha kanjani imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwakho. Angase ancome izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo (yidla izithelo nemifino eminingi emisha).
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.

Kodwa khumbula, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ekudleni kwakho noma endleleni yakho yokuphila.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-urethral kuyahlukahluka, futhi umzimba wakho uhlukile. Ngakho-ke impendulo yakho ekwelashweni ingase ihluke kweminye. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingachaza ukuthi yini ongayilindela njengoba ululama.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma nginomdlavuza we-urethra?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke, uthukuthele, ukhungathekile, futhi wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza we-urethra. Le mizwa ingashintsha ngokushesha njengoba wamukela ukuxilongwa kwakho futhi uqala ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola amaqembu okusekela abantu abanalolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Lokhu kungakusiza uzizwe ungedwa kakhulu. Bangakunikeza nesiqondiso salokho ongakulindela njengoba uhlola izinketho zokwelapha.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-Urethral ungelapheka?

Lokhu kungaphendulwa ngoyebo nangocha. “Ukwelashwa” kusho ukuthi awusenawo umdlavuza we-urethra, akusadingeki ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, futhi odokotela abacabangi ukuthi kuzobuya. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi odokotela baqiniseke ukuthi umdlavuza we-urethra ngeke ubuye. Uzodinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo ukuze ubone ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.

Ngemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, odokotela kuzodingeka benze izivivinyo ezifana ne-CT scan noma i-MRI imaging kanye ne-cystoscopy ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunazo izimpawu zomdlavuza we-urethra. Uma uhlala isikhathi eside ungenawo umdlavuza, ingozi yakho yokubuya komdlavuza iyancipha.

Ungawuvimbela kanjani umdlavuza we-urethra?

Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza we-urethral uwumdlavuza ongavamile, odokotela nabacwaningi basafunda ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuwuvimbela. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto zingakusiza:

• Yenza ucansi oluphephile. Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kusiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI).
• Gcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu ihlanzekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane basule kusukela phambili kuya emuva ngemva kokuchama noma ukukhipha indle ukuze bavimbele izifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs). Ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, kubalulekile ukushintsha ama-pad nama-tampon njalo. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukugeza indawo ezungeze isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye ne-rectum njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi uma kudingeka, insipho ethambile, engenaphunga.
• Gwema ukubhema neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi. Bona udokotela uma udinga usizo lokuyeka ukubhema.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza we-urethra, njengokushintsha kwemikhuba yokuchama, ukuphuma koketshezi oluphuma e-urethra, igazi emchameni, noma iqhubu epenis noma e-perineum, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi ulashwa umdlavuza we-urethra, tshela udokotela wakho uma unakho okulandelayo:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-101 (38 Celsius).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukugodola umuzwa wokubanda emzimbeni.
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokuzumayo okungaphezu kwamakhilogremu amahlanu.
• Ukuhlanza ngokweqile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Wazi kanjani ukuthi nginomdlavuza we-urethra?
• Ingabe lo mdlavuza usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wami?
• Angakanani amathuba ami okusinda?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo eziphelele zokwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo okufanelekelayo mina?
• Ungancoma noma yimaphi amaqembu okusekelana?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umdlavuza we-urethral uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile oluthinta i-urethra yakho. Ungase ube nemizwa ehlukahlukene ngalokhu kuxilongwa, futhi lokho kujwayelekile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokwethembeka ngemizwa yakho. Bangaphendula imibuzo yakho futhi basebenzisane nawe ukudala uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungazinaki noma yiziphi izimpawu bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa.

Umdlavuza Wesitho Somchamo, Umdlavuza Wesitho Somchamo, Igazi Emchameni, Ubuhlungu Bomchamo, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza, Ukutheleleka Kwesitho Somchamo