Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu zobunzima bokunaka, ukunganaki, noma ukwenza ngokuphamazela? Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-ADHD. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ADHD. Lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa, kodwa ukuhlolwa kokuthola ukuthi unayo yini i-ADHD.
Okokuqala, iyini i-ADHD?
Kalula nje, i-ADHD imele i -Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . Yisimo esihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho bethu. Sivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu ababengenalo uphawu lwe-'Hyperactivity' kodwa ababengenakukwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa babebizwa ngokuthi i-ADD (Attention-Deficit Disorder). Kodwa manje isibhekwa njengohlobo lwe-ADHD.
Umuntu one-ADHD angase abe nezinkinga ezincane ngezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukungacabangi: Ukwenza izinto ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokucabanga.
- Ukungakhathali: Ukungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ukugijima njalo nokugxumagxuma.
- Ukuphazamiseka: Ukulahlekelwa ukugxila ngisho nasezintweni ezincane kakhulu, kube nobunzima bokugxila emsebenzini obhekene nawo.
- Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo: Ubunzima bokulalela imiyalelo nokuyilandela kahle.
- Ubunzima bokuqeda umsebenzi: Ukuqala umsebenzi kodwa ungakwazi ukuwuqeda bese uyeka phakathi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ADHD kwenziwa nini?
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa lapho umzali, uthisha, noma udokotela wengane ebona ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwengane. Okusho ukuthi, uma ukuziphatha kwengane kubonakala kuphazamisa umsebenzi wesikole noma wesikole.
I-ADHD ivame ukutholakala okokuqala ebuntwaneni, yingakho odokotela bezingane bevame ukubuza abazali nothisha ukuthi ingane yabo iziphatha kanjani ekhaya nasesikoleni.
Uma ubona ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho, noma uma uzizwa sengathi unezimpawu ze-ADHD njengomuntu omdala, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola lokhu kuhlolwa. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, ungathola ukwelashwa okudingekayo kanye neseluleko futhi wenze impilo ibe lula kakhulu. Ngoba lesi simo singahambisana nokukhubazeka kokufunda nezinkinga zokuziphatha.
Ngingayihlola kanjani ingane yami i-ADHD?
Isinyathelo sakho sokuqala kufanele kube ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho, ikakhulukazi uma ukhathazekile ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ingane yakho ingase ikuthole kunzima ukuhlala igxile, ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, nokulawula ukuphazama kwayo.
- Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zinomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini wengane wasekhaya nowesikole.
Uma lezi zimpawu zithinta ukufunda kwengane yakho, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi ushayele isikole ucele ukuhlolwa kokufunda. Cacisa ngangokunokwenzeka nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zokufunda noma zokuziphatha ingane yakho engase ibe nazo. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokushintsha izinhlamvu noma izinombolo, ubunzima bokubhala, njll.
Ngokomthetho, izikole zingahlola izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-3 no-21 ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokufunda. Lokhu kuhlolwa kumahhala.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi isikole asikwazi ukuxilonga i-ADHD. Kodwa singaqopha izimpawu bese sizihlukanisa ngokuthi "Ezinye Izinkinga Zempilo" (OHI). Ungathatha ikhophi yalo mbiko uma uya kobona udokotela. Lo mbiko wesikole uzoba usizo olukhulu kudokotela lapho ehlola ingane yakho.
Ingabe lokhu kuhlolwa kwezingane kuphela? Ingabe kuyatholakala nakubantu abadala?
Cha. Abantu abadala bangahlolwa futhi batholakale bene-ADHD kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Eqinisweni, cishe abantu abadala abangu-4% banezimpawu ze-ADHD. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu bezikhona kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa kungenzeka azikaze zibonwe. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu ze-ADHD, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uhlolwa.
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lolu vivinyo lusebenza kanjani.
Lena akuyona inqubo yesinyathelo esisodwa. Odokotela balandela izinyathelo eziningana zokuxilonga lesi simo, besebenzisa iziqondiso ezivela ku-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR™).
Inqubo yokuxilonga i-ADHD inezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuthola izimpawu: Okokuqala, thola ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu ezihlobene ne-ADHD, nokuthi lezo zimpawu ziyaphazamisa yini imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
2. Ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela: Sifuna ezinye izimbangela zalezi zimpawu. Isibonelo, lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa izinto ezifana nezinkinga zokulala, izinkinga zomphakathi kanye nokucindezeleka.
3. Ukuhlonza ezinye izimo (i-Comorbidity): Sifuna ezinye izimo ezihambisana ne-ADHD, njengokukhubazeka kokufunda, izinkinga zokukhathazeka, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, noma izinkinga zemizwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ADHD, ungalindela izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ngokomzimba, noma kokukhula kwemizwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izimpawu ze-ADHD zikhona yini (ukungakwazi ukunaka, ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukungazimiseli).
- Imibuzo kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi:Imibuzo ethile (izikali zokulinganisa) kanye neminye imithombo yolwazi isetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi ingane noma wena uyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso ezijwayelekile.
- Ingxoxo: Ukubuza ngokuziphatha kwengane ezindaweni ezahlukene, njengasekhaya nasesikoleni.
Ukuze kutholakale i-ADHD, odokotela babheka lezi zici ngqo.
| Isigaba | Izinto okufanele uzicabangele |
|---|---|
| Kwabantwana | Izimpawu eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ezivela kwesinye noma zombili izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko (ukunganaki kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile/ukushesha) kumele ukuthi bezikhona ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. |
| Kwabantu abadala | Kwesinye sezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko, izimpawu ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu kumele ukuthi bezikhona ezinyangeni ezi-6 ezedlule. |
| Amaphuzu ajwayelekile |
|
Zikhona yini ezinye izimo ezibukeka njenge-ADHD?
Yebo. Ukuze uxilonge i-ADHD ngokunembile, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka akhiphe ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele lezi zimpawu. Nazi ezinye izimo ezingase ziphazanyiswe ne-ADHD.
| Isimo | Kufana kanjani ne-ADHD? |
|---|---|
| Ukukhathazeka | Ukuzizwa ungahlaliseki njalo futhi kunzima ukugxila entweni eyodwa. |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo emsebenzini, ubunzima bokugxila. |
| Ukukhubazeka Kokufunda | Ubunzima bokunaka emsebenzini wesikole, ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo. |
| I-Autism | Ubunzima ebudlelwaneni nabantu, ukusebenza ngokweqile. |
| Ukuquleka Okungabonwa | Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo, uzizwe sengathi usezweni lamaphupho. |
| Izinkinga Zokulala | Ukulala emini, ukungaphumuli, kanye nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo. |
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa?
Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa?
Uma uya kohlolwa, letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa wena noma ingane yakho enizisebenzisayo njengamanje. Futhi, lungela ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nomlando wempilo yomndeni, umlando wempilo yomuntu siqu, ukusebenza kwesikole noma emsebenzini, kanye nokuziphatha. Gqoka kahle, njengoba ungase uhlolwe ngokomzimba.
Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?
- Ukuphendula imibuzo: Kuzodingeka ukhulume nodokotela ngomlando wempilo yakho noma yengane yakho, izimpawu, kanye nokuziphatha kwayo.
- Ukuhlolwa:Ungagcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ungagcwalisa nomndeni, abangani, noma othisha.
- Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuvamile kwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukubheka ingane: Uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa enganeni yakho, udokotela uzochitha isikhathi esithile nengane ukuze abheke ukuziphatha kwayo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ADHD kuvame ukuthatha ihora elilodwa kuya kwamathathu . Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kungathatha isikhathi eside ngoba udokotela udinga ukuqoqa ulwazi emithonjeni eminingi (abazali, othisha). Uma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kunqunywe ezinye izimo, kungathatha izinsuku noma ngisho namasonto.
Zithini imiphumela ngemva kokuhlolwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ADHD kuyinqubo enezinyathelo eziningi, imiphumela ingahluka. Wena noma ingane yakho ningatholakala ninesinye isimo, njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, esikhundleni se-ADHD.
Uma wena noma ingane yakho nihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-ADHD, udokotela wakho angase akuxilonge ukuthi unenye yezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-ADHD:
- Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuzikhukhumeza/ukusabela: Labo ababonisa izici zokuzikhukhumeza/ukusabela okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6, kodwa abakwazi ukuxilongwa ngokuthi “abanaki.”
- Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukunganaki: Ngaphambilini olubizwa ngokuthi i-ADD, lona ngumuntu obe nezinkinga zokunaka okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6 kodwa akatholakali njengomuntu osebenza ngokweqile/ongenaso isineke.
- Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe: Labo ababonisa zombili izimpawu ze-ADHD (ukunganaki kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile) okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6. Iningi lezingane ezine-ADHD liwela kulolu hlobo.
- Ezinye i-ADHD ezichaziwe/ezingachaziwe: Abantu abanezinkinga zokunaka kodwa abangahlangabezani nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo ukuze baxilongwe ngokugcwele nge-ADHD.
Ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuncike ekutheni udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa okungakanani ngaphambi kokuthola isifo. Ungathola okwengeziwe ngalokhu ngokubuza udokotela wakho.
Imibuzo eku-inthanethi yodwa ayikwazi ukunquma ukuthi umuntu une-ADHD yini. Inikeza umbono ongejwayelekile. Udokotela oqeqeshiwe kuphela ongaxilonga i-ADHD futhi anikeze ukwelashwa.
Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile noma ukhathazekile ngokuhlolwa i-ADHD, khumbula ukuthi lesi yisimo esingelapheka abantu abaningi abanaso. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba ne-ADHD, khuluma nodokotela wakho namuhla. Balapha ukuzokusiza.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha. Akuyona ubuvila noma inkinga yokuziphatha.
- Lesi simo singathinta kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Abantu abadala abaningi kungenzeka ukuthi bebenalesi simo kusukela ebuntwaneni kodwa abasiqapheli.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ADHD akuyona into elula njengokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kuwukuhlolwa okuphelele okuthatha ulwazi kubantu abaningi, okuhlanganisa odokotela, abazali, kanye nothisha.
- Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-ADHD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ofanelekayo kunokufuna ulwazi kwi-inthanethi.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele (imithi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha), kanye nokusekelwa kungenza impilo iphumelele futhi ibe lula.
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