Uke wezwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-Apo B ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi iyini i-cholesterol yakho?

Cishe uke wezwa ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Apo B (apolipoprotein B). Noma mhlawumbe kuyinto entsha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukutshela ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yenhliziyo yethu. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla ngendlela elula ongayiqonda? Njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Iyini ngempela i-Apo B? Ilinganisa ini?

Kalula nje, i-Apo B iyiprotheni egazini lethu. Igama layo yi -Apolipoprotein B-100 . Ithwala izinto ezithile egazini lethu. Kodwa futhi ithwala i-cholesterol "embi". Wake wezwa nge-cholesterol ye -LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) ? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "i-cholesterol embi." Futhi uhlobo olubizwa nge -VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) nalo luhamba nale Apo B.

Cabanga ngakho njengebhasi. I-cholesterol embi kuphela (LDL, VLDL) ehamba kuleli bhasi. I-cholesterol enhle, okungukuthi, i-HDL (ama-High-Density Lipoproteins) , ayihambi kuleli bhasi. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwenani le-Apo B egazini kusho ukuthi kunezinhlayiya eziningi ze-cholesterol embi. Le cholesterol embi yiyo efakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu, yakha ungqimba oluqinile lwamafutha esilubiza ngokuthi "i-plaque" . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa ma-deposit angavimba imithambo yegazi futhi avimbele ukuhamba kwegazi. Yilapho ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo semithambo yegazi (esikubiza ngokuthi ingozi yesifo senhliziyo ) ikhula khona.

Abanye odokotela bathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Apo B kunganikeza isithombe esinembile kakhulu sengozi yesifo senhliziyo kunokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-cholesterol (sikubiza ngokuthi i- Lipid Panel ). Ngoba yonke inhlayiya ye-cholesterol embi ine-molecule eyodwa ye-Apo B. Ngakho-ke, ngokubheka inani le-Apo B, unganquma ngokunembile inani lezinhlayiya ze-cholesterol embi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Apo B kwenziwa nini?

Kunezimo eziningana lapho udokotela angase akucele khona ukuthi wenze isivivinyo se-Apo B:

• Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngengozi yesifo senhliziyo yakho, ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol elula ayinikezi isithombe esiphelele. Lokhu kuyasiza njengolwazi olwengeziwe.
• Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha imithi efana nama-statins ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho.
• Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo se-metabolic syndrome noma isifo sikashukela , ukuhlolwa kwe-Apo B kungaba yindlela engcono yokubikezela ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kunephaneli yamafutha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya ze-cholesterol ye-LDL kulaba bantu zingase zibe zincane noma zibe zinkulu, okwenza kube nzima ukubikezela ingozi ngokunembile ngokusekelwe emazingeni e-LDL ajwayelekile kuphela.

Cabanga nje, kungaba usizo kangakanani ukube besingazi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi sithole isifo ngaphambi kokuba sibonise izimpawu? Yilokho okwenziwa yilolu vivinyo lwe-Apo B.

Ulungiselela kanjani lolu vivinyo lwe-Apo B? Ingabe ufuna ukwenza into enkulu?

Khumbula lokhu:

• Uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Apo B kuphela, akudingeki uzile ukudla amahora amaningi.
• Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, i-Lipid Panel nayo yenziwa kanye nalolu vivinyo lwe-Apo B. Uma wenza i-Lipid Panel, akufanele udle noma uphuze lutho cishe amahora ayi-12. Kulungile ukuphuza amanzi. Eqinisweni, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi kwenza kube lula kumuntu othatha igazi ukuthola umthambo.
• Ngosuku lokuhlolwa, kuwumqondo omuhle ukugqoka ihembe elinemikhono emifushane. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokugoqa imikhono yakho emide.

Kwenzekani uma ubhala isivivinyo? Ingabe kukhona okufanele ukwesabe?

Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Kuyinto efanayo oyenzayo uma unikela ngegazi.

1. Okokuqala, uzohlaliswa esihlalweni bese ucelwa ukuthi welule ingalo yakho. Ungabeka ingalo yakho endaweni yokuphumula yesihlalo.

2. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhande lerabha (i-tourniquet) liboshelwa ngokuqinile esikhumbeni sengalo yakho engenhla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kwenza umthambo ubonakale kakhulu.

3. Okulandelayo, indawo lapho inaliti izofakwa khona ihlanzwa ngokuyisula ngento efana notshwala.

4. Manje kufakwa inaliti encane emthanjeni.

5. Igazi elincane liqoqwa ngaleyo naliti lifakwe ebhodleleni elincane (ithubhu).

Yilokho kuphela! Akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Kuzwakala sengathi intuthwane encane iyakuluma.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemva kokuthatha isampula yegazi, umhlengikazi noma umsizi kadokotela uzokwenza okulandelayo:

• Ususa ibhande lerabha eliboshwe esihlakaleni sakhe.
• Inaliti ikhishwa ngesandla.
• Indawo lapho inaliti ifakwe khona icindezelwa phansi ngendwangu yekotini noma i-gauze isikhashana.
• Bese kufakwa ibhandishi elincane (lokhu kungasuswa kamuva ngosuku).

Iningi labantu alizizwa lingakhululekile ngemva kokunikela ngegazi futhi lingaqhubeka nokusebenza njengenjwayelo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe benesiyezi noma bequlekile. Uma lokho kwenzeka kuwe, hlala phansi isikhashana uze uzizwe ungcono. Ungase uthole impumuzo ngokwehlisa ikhanda lakho phakathi kwamadolo akho ngenkathi uhleli, noma ngokuphuza amanzi noma isiphuzo sezithelo.

Uma uhlala uzizwa unesizungu lapho unikela ngegazi, kungcono ukuthi othile akushayele.

Indawo lapho igazi likhishwe khona ingase ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ibukeke njengenxeba izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Qaphela ukuthi ungathinti isandla sakho kuze kube yilapho inxeba selipholile.

Ziyini imiphumela esiyitholayo? Zisitshelani?

Imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-Apolipoprotein B-100 ivame ukunikezwa ngama-milligram nge-deciliter (mg/dL). Leli nani lingasukela ku-20 kuya ku-400 mg/dL.

• Uma izinga lakho le-Apo B liphakeme kune-130 mg/dL, usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo nesifo semithambo yegazi.

Ngokweziqondiso zabanye odokotela benhliziyo, kungcono ukugcina amazinga e-Apo B engaphansi kuka-65 mg/dL noma u-80 mg/dL kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-75 abathatha imithi ye-statin yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.

Iyini izinga elijwayelekile le-Apo B?

Izinga elijwayelekile le-Apo B kumuntu ophilile lingokulandelayo:

• Amadoda: phakathi kuka-66 no-133 mg/dL
• Owesifazane: phakathi kuka-60 no-117 mg/dL

Yiziphi izimbangela zokwanda kwamazinga e-Apo B?

Umphumela wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-Apo B ungase ube phezulu ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Izimo ezihlobene nezinso ezifana ne -nephrotic syndrome .

Yiziphi izimbangela zamazinga aphansi e-Apo B?

Umphumela wakho wokuhlolwa kwe-Apo B ungase ube phansi ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukutheleleka okukhulu njenge -sepsis .
• Isifo sesibindi.
• Ukuthatha i-hormone i-estrogen .

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Apo B ibuye. Akuzona zonke izindawo zokucwaninga ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela.

Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo uma kukhona ukungahambi kahle emiphumeleni?

Uma izinga lakho le-Apo B liphezulu, udokotela wakho cishe uzokunikeza iseluleko esifanayo nalapho i-LDL cholesterol yakho (i-cholesterol embi) iphezulu.

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Kuhle ukufaka izithelo nemifino ekudleni kwakho.
• Ukunciphisa amafutha agcwele ekudleni.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho.
• Ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (njengogwayi).
• Ukuthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.

Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukusiza ukugcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile.

Ingabe i-Apo B ne-LDL ziyinto efanayo?

Cha, i-Apo B ne-LDL azifani. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi ukuthi une-Apo B engakanani egazini lakho kungakunikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi une-cholesterol embi (LDL) engakanani egazini lakho. Ngoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-Apo B yiyona ethwala lezi zinhlayiya ze-LDL.

Kubiza malini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Apo B?

Izindleko zalolu vivinyo zingahluka kusukela elabhorethri kuya kwelebhu. Kuncike futhi ekutheni unomshwalense yini. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ubuze udokotela wakho noma elebhu ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuqaphela ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho. Uma udokotela wakho efuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngengozi yakho kunokuba ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol okulula (i-Lipid Panel) kungakunikeza, angase a-ode ukuhlolwa kwe-Apo B.

Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu, kodwa kungakunikeza ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile oludingayo ukuze uphile impilo enempilo, noma wenze izinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuphila.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela noma ukwelashwa kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungesabi ukubuza. Ngoba konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukukugcina uphilile.

I- Apo B, i-apolipoprotein B, i-cholesterol, isifo senhliziyo, i-LDL, i-VLDL, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi