Wake wacabanga ukuthi lapho imizimba yethu igula noma ilimala, kuba nempi enkulu ngaphakathi ukuze iphiliswe? Sinebutho lethu elinekhono kakhulu lokulwa nezitha ezifana namagciwane namagciwane avela ngaphandle kwemizimba yethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke kufanele kube nomuntu ozolawula leli butho, ukuze adlulisele imiyalezo, futhi alithumele lapho izitha zikhona khona. Lezo zithunywa eziyimfihlo yizo ama-cytokine esikhuluma ngawo namuhla.
Ayini ngempela ama-cytokine?
Kalula nje, ama-cytokine amaprotheni amancane athumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Kufana 'neqembu le-WhatsApp' ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Lapho kufika usongo olufana nokutheleleka noma ukulimala emzimbeni, amaseli omzimba akhipha le miyalezo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine. Le miyalezo itshela amanye amaseli omzimba ukuthi, "Kunenkinga lapha, woza ngokushesha!", "Lolu uhlobo lwesitha okudingeka silwe nalo," kanye nokuthi "Yenza amasosha engeziwe."
Cabanga ngegciwane lingena emzimbeni wakho. Ngaleso sikhathi, amanye amangqamuzana athumela le miyalezo ye-cytokine, etshela amanye amangqamuzana ukuthi alungele ukulwa naleli gciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphandle kwalezi zithunywa ezincane, amasosha omzimba wethu ngeke akwazi ukusebenza kahle. Lawa ma-cytokine asiza ukugcina amasosha omzimba ethu ephilile, noma ngabe akukho usongo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zala ma-cytokine?
Yebo, njengoba nje kunezikhundla ezahlukene ebuthweni, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-cytokine. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-Cytokine | Okufanele ukwenze nje |
|---|---|
| Ama-Chemokine | Kufana 'ne-GPS' yamaseli omzimba. Ibakhombisa indlela eya lapho ukutheleleka kukhona khona. |
| Ama-Interferons | Uma kwenzeka igciwane lihlasela, lithumela isixwayiso kwamanye amaseli, lithi, "Gqoka isivikelo!" Livimbela amagciwane ekutheleleni umzimba. |
| Ama-Interleukin | Lokhu kushintshana imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana omzimba (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi) futhi kuxhumana namanye amangqamuzana. |
| Isici se-Tumor necrosis (TNF) | Kuyasiza ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni futhi kuphinde kunikeze izibonakaliso kumangqamuzana omzimba ukuthi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| Izinto ezivuselela ikoloni (CSF) | Lokhu kunikeza imiyalelo kumaseli e-hematopoietic stem, njengokuthi "uba yiseli elimhlophe legazi," "uba yiseli elibomvu legazi," bese uwaguqula abe izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-cytokine aqanjwa ngokwezinhlobo zamaseli azikhiqizayo:
- Ama-Lymphokine: Akhiqizwa uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte.
- Ama-monokine: Akhiqizwa uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-monocyte.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-cytokine: ukulawula ukuvuvukala
Uma abantu abaningi bezwa igama elithi 'ukuvuvukala', bacabanga ukuthi kuyinto embi, uphawu lokugula. Kodwa ukuvuvukala empeleni kuwuphawu olubalulekile lokuthi amasosha omzimba wethu alwa nezitha noma alungisa izicubu ezonakele. Cabanga uma usika umunwe wakho, ubungaba bomvu, uvuvukele, futhi ushise kancane, akunjalo? Yilokho ukuvuvukala okuyikho.
Ama-cytokine yiwo athumela umyalezo kumaseli omzimba, "Kunenkinga lapha, woza ngokushesha uzophulukisa leli nxeba, uvimbele amagciwane ukuthi angangeni!"
Ama-Cytokine abonisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukusebenza kweseli: Ukutshela amaseli ukuthi aye kuphi nokuthi enzeni. Isibonelo, ukuqondisa amaseli omzimba endaweni yokutheleleka.
- Ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli: Iseli elingakavuthwa litshelwa ukuthi "libe uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli elimhlophe legazi elingalwa nalesi sifo."
- Ukwanda kwamaseli: Isibonakaliso sokwenza amaseli amaningi, noma amaseli amaningi. Isibonelo, lesi sibonakaliso sinikezwa lapho kudingeka amaseli egazi amhlophe engeziwe ukulwa nokutheleleka okukhulu.
Ama-cytokine akhuthaza ukuvuvukala kanye nokulwa nokuvuvukala
Lokhu kufana ne-accelerator namabhuleki emoto. Kokubili kubalulekile ekulawuleni ngokunembile ukusabela kwesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ama-cytokine akhuthaza ukuvuvukala: Lawa asheshisa ukuvuvukala . Uma igciwane lingena, abangela ukuvuvukala futhi asheshise impendulo yomzimba. Lawa yiwo anikeza isignali yokuqala ukulwa.
- Ama-cytokine alwa nokuvuvukala: Lawa amabhuleki . Ngemva kokunqoba isitha, amisa umonakalo owengeziwe ezicutshini zethu ezinempilo ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokubuyisela konke esimweni esijwayelekile.
Njengoba nje kubalulekile ukuvimba ukulwa ngesikhathi esifanele, kubaluleke kakhulu nokuyeka ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amangqamuzana ethu angonakala futhi kuvele izifo ezinkulu.
Lokhu kushintshana kwemiyalezo kwenzeka kanjani?
Lena inqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Ake siyiqhathanise nokhiye kanye nembobo yokhiye.
I-cytokine ifana nesihluthulelo . Ebusweni beseli elidinga ukwamukela umlayezo, kukhona imbobo yokhiye (i-receptor) efanelana naleyo khiye. Lapho i-cytokine (isihluthulelo) ihamba futhi ixhuma kwi-receptor (imbobo yokhiye) kulelo seli, lelo seli lithola umlayezo. Bese lelo seli lisebenza ngokwalowo myalezo.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuthumela le miyalezo:
1. Ukubonisana kwe-Autocrine: Iseli lizithumelela umlayezo.
2. Ukubonisana kwe-paracrine: Iseli lithumela imiyalezo kumaseli aseduze.
3. Ukusabalalisa kwe-Endocrine: Iseli lithumela imiyalezo ngegazi kumaseli akude nalo.
Yimaphi amaseli akhiqiza ama-cytokine amaningi?
Ama-cytokine avame ukukhiqizwa amaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wodwa amaseli. Ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli emzimbeni wethu nazo zingawakhiqiza.
Amaseli omzimba
- Ama-Macrophage
- Amaseli e-dendritic
- Ama-lymphocyte
- Ama-monocyte
- Ama-neutrophils
- Ama-Basophil
- Ama-Eosinophil
- Amaseli e-mast
Amanye amaseli
- Amaseli e-Endothelial (amaseli angaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi)
- Amaseli e-epithelial amaseli amboza ubuso bezitho zethu.
- Amaseli asezicutshini ezixhumeneyo (ama-Fibroblast, amaseli e-Stromal)
- Amaseli azungeze imizwa (amaseli eSchwann)
Kwenzekani uma ibhalansi ye-cytokine ilahlekile?
Nakuba ama-cytokine ebalulekile empilweni yethu, njenganoma yini enye, amaningi kakhulu awo awalungile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokutheleleka noma ukwelashwa okuthile, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siyakhuthazeka ngokweqile bese siqala ukukhiqiza ama-cytokine amaningi ngokweqile ngaphandle kokulawula.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) noma i-cytokine storm . Kufana nokuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ayaphambana, ahlasele hhayi izitha zethu kuphela kodwa namaseli ethu aphilile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvuvukeni ngokweqile, ekulimaleni kwezicubu, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Izifo ezingabangelwa ama-cytokine amaningi:
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Kulokhu, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sihlasela ngephutha amaseli aso anempilo.
- Izinkinga ze-Metabolic: Izinkinga ngenqubo yokuguqula ukudla kube amandla.
- Umdlavuza.
- I-Sepsis: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Ukuvuvukala okukhulu emzimbeni kubangela ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi ezithweni ezibalulekile. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi singabulala uma singelashwa.
Uma unokungabaza ngalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko .
Ukuhlolwa kwephaneli ye-Cytokine
Odokotela bangabona ukuthi umzimba wakho unama-cytokine amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubizwa ngokuthi i-cytokine panel . Kukala amazinga ama-cytokine egazini lakho ahilelekile ekuvuvukeni. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala uma unama-cytokine amaningi kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Cytokine ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibalulekile ekuxhumaneni ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba.
- Lokhu kusebenza ukulwa nezinsongo emzimbeni, ukubangela 'ukuvuvukala', kanye nokukuvimba uma ukulwa sekuphelile.
- Ukulinganisela okufanele kwama-cytokine kubalulekile empilweni enhle. Ubuningi noma ubuningi bawo bungabangela ukugula.
- 'Isiphepho se-cytokine' yisimo esibi esibangelwa ukusabela ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Uma unezinkinga noma izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sakho somzimba, hlala ucela iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezokwelapha ofanelekayo.
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