Ingabe wena noma othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama noma ubaba wakho onesifo sikashukela, wake watshelwa udokotela wamehlo ukuthi, "Kunenkinga encane nge-retina, ake sibone uchwepheshe walokhu"? Noma wake wabhekana nokufiphala kancane kancane kombono njengoba ukhula, futhi awukwazi ukubona isikhungo sokubona kwakho? Uma lokho kwenzeka, singase sicabange, "Kungani kufanele kube nodokotela ohlukile walokhu? Ingabe udokotela wamehlo akwanele?" Lowo ngumbuzo esizokhuluma ngawo namuhla. Ngubani ngempela 'uchwepheshe we-Retina'? Ake sixoxe ngawo ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula kakhulu.
Ubani lo chwepheshe we-retina? Ake sikuqonde kalula.
Cabanga ngamehlo ethu njengekhamera enhle. Ifilimu engemuva kwale khamera iqopha izithombe zezinto esizibonayo. Ulwelwesi olubaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kweso olusebenza njengaleyo filimu, enamaseli amaningi azwela ukukhanya, lubizwa ngokuthi i-retina . Ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni esizibonayo kushaya le retina, kuphenduke izimpawu zikagesi, bese kuhamba kuye ebuchosheni nge-optic nerve, okuyilapho sibona khona.
Ngakho-ke, sibiza uchwepheshe we-Retina ngokuthi udokotela othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kakhulu ezifweni nasekuhlinzweni okuthinta i-retina kanye nento efana nejeli phakathi kwelensi yeso kanye ne-retina, okungukuthi, umzimba we-vitreous .
Kalula nje, wonke uchwepheshe we-Retina ungudokotela wamehlo. Kodwa akuwona wonke uchwepheshe wamehlo onguchwepheshe we-Retina. Kunje, wonke uchwepheshe wenhliziyo ungudokotela ojwayelekile. Kodwa usefunde inhliziyo ngokujulile futhi wathola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Yilokho kanye. Laba ochwepheshe bakhona ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlobene ne-retina uchwepheshe wamehlo ojwayelekile angeke akwazi ukuzelapha.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufunda ukuze ube uchwepheshe onjalo?
Lokhu ukuzibophezela okukhulu kakhulu futhi uhambo olude. Cabanga nje ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufunda ukuze ube uchwepheshe onjalo.
1. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqedela iziqu ezijwayelekile.
2. Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukufunda iminyaka emine esikoleni sezokwelapha (MBBS).
3. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuqedela i-internship yonyaka owodwa.
4. Ngemva kwalokho, uzobe usuthatha iminyaka emithathu yokufunda emtholampilo wamehlo. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho uzoba khona udokotela wamehlo ojwayelekile.
5. Okokugcina, kumele ube nobudlelwano beminyaka emibili ezifweni ezihlobene ne-retina kanye nomzimba we-vitreous.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, eminyakeni engaba yi-10 eyengeziwe ngemuva kweziqu ezijwayelekile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe we-retina uzalwa ngemfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Laba bantu bayaqhubeka nokufunda ngobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha empilweni yabo yobungcweti. Ngoba i-ophthalmology iyinsimu ethuthuka usuku nosuku.
Yiziphi izimo ezelashwa yi-Retina Specialist?
Laba ochwepheshe baphatha kakhulu ukulimala nezifo zezingxenye zeso ezizwela kakhulu. Eziningi zalezi zifo, uma zingatholakalanga futhi zelashwe kusenesikhathi, zingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela. Yingakho indima yalaba odokotela ibaluleke kangaka.
Ake sibone kusukela kuthebula elingezansi ukuthi yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko abazelaphayo.
| Isimo | Kalula nje, kwenzekani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala | Njengoba sikhula, ingxenye ephakathi ye-retina (i-macula) iba buthaka. Isikhungo sezinto ezibonwa ngqo siba lufifi futhi sivele njengebala elimnyama. |
| Ukulimala kwamehlo okubangelwa isifo sikashukela (i-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela) | Isifo sikashukela silimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi ku-retina, okubangela ukuthi ivuza igazi noma uketshezi. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokulahlekelwa ukubona. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal | Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal nezicubu ezingaphansi. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Uma ngokuzumayo ubona ibala elimnyama, ulwembu lwesicabucabu, noma ukukhanya kokukhanya phambi kweso lakho, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha. |
| Umgodi we-macular | Imbobo encane engxenyeni ephakathi ye-retina (i-macula) ebangela ukuthi isikhungo sezinto sifiphale uma sibukwa ngqo. |
| I-macular pucker | Kwakha ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu enkabeni ye-retina, okubangela ukuthi ibe nemibimbi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umbono uphendukezeleke (njengemigqa eqondile). |
| Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal | Umthambo othwala igazi ulisuse ku-retina uyavaleka. Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo. |
| Ukulimala okukhulu kwamehlo | Ukwelapha umonakalo ezingxenyeni zeso, ikakhulukazi i-retina, obangelwa ingozi. |
| Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okukhulu kanye nokuvuvukala (i-uveitis kanye ne-endophthalmitis) | Ukutheleleka okukhulu kanye nokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ebona ukuthi kuyadingeka, uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe we-Retina.
Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uvakashela uchwepheshe we-retina?
Uma uke wathunyelwa ku-Retina Specialist ngudokotela wamehlo ojwayelekile, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzazi ngalokho kuhlangana.
1. Isikhathi siyaphela.
Ngokuvamile, uma uya kobona uchwepheshe onjengalona, ikakhulukazi okokuqala, kungathatha cishe amahora amabili noma amathathu . Ngoba amehlo akho adinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela. Kuthatha isikhathi ukwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ungabeki ezinye izinto ngosuku, bese uhamba nengqondo yakho ikhululekile.
2. Ungashayeli wedwa.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela ahlole amehlo akho, uzosebenzisa amaconsi amehlo akhethekile ukuze enze inhlamvu yeso lakho ibe nkulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhulisa amehlo . Uma inhlamvu inkulu, udokotela angayibona kahle i-retina, i-macula, kanye ne-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso lakho.
Umbono wakho ungase ungabonakali amahora ambalwa ngemva kokusebenzisa lo muthi. Ungase ube nobunzima bokugxila amehlo akho ezibanini ezikhanyayo. Ngakho-ke,Ungalokothi ushayele noma ubuye wedwa. Hlala uhamba nelungu lomndeni noma umngane.
3. Lungisa imininingwane yakho yezokwelapha
Udokotela uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele.
- Ezinye izifo onazo (njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
- Yimiphi imithi oyisebenzisayo?
- Ukungezwani komzimba onakho
- Ingabe kukhona yini emndenini onesifo samehlo
Khumbula konke lokhu ngokucacile futhi ukukhumbule. Uma kungenzeka, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthatha imithi yakho kanye nencwadi kadokotela.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?
Ukuze ahlole kahle isimo sakho, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo eziningana ezahlukene. Ezinye zazo zingase zingajwayelekile kuwe. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokwesaba noma yiziphi zalezi zinto.
| Ukuhlolwa | Wenzani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe | Ukukhulisa izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kweso ngethuluzi elikhethekile, njenge-microscope. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmoscopy okungaqondile | Udokotela ufaka ithuluzi elifana nokukhanya ekhanda lakhe futhi usebenzisa ilensi ukuhlola ingemuva leso. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi abone cishe yonke i-retina. |
| I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) | Lokhu kufana nokuskena ingaphakathi leso. Kuthatha izithombe ezihlukanisayo zezingqimba ze-retina bese kubheka ukuvuvukala, ukwakheka koketshezi, njll. Akubuhlungu. |
| I-angiography ye-fluorescein | Kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni engalweni, bese kuthathwa uchungechunge lwezithombe zemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi igazi noma uketshezi kuyavuza yini emithanjeni yegazi ezifweni ezifana nesifo sikashukela. |
Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
Uma siya kudokotela, ngezinye izikhathi siyakhohlwa yonke imibuzo esinayo. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubhala phansi konke okudingeka ukwazi ephepheni ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Ungacela umngane wakho ukuthi abhale ngokushesha lokho okushiwo udokotela. Bese ungakubheka kamuva.
Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongazibuza:
Mayelana nesimo sakho sezokwelapha:
- Iyini ngempela inkinga yami yezokwelapha?
- Iyini imbangela yalesi simo?
- Lokhu kuthinta kanjani umbono wami?
- Ingabe kukhona izinto okudingeka ngizishintshe empilweni yami yansuku zonke? (isib. ukudla, ukuzivocavoca umzimba)
- Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngikhathazeke ngazo kakhulu? Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma kwenzeka into efana naleyo?
- Ingabe lesi isifo esizuzwe njengefa?
Mayelana nokuhlolwa:
- Yini ngempela elindelekile kulolu vivinyo?
- Ngingayazi nini imiphumela (imibiko) yalokhu?
- Ingabe kukhona imiphumela emibi noma izingozi ezihlobene nalokhu kuhlolwa?
Mayelana nokwelashwa:
- Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
- Yikuphi ukwelashwa okunconywa udokotela? Kungani?
- Yini okufanele ngiyazi ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa (imithi, umjovo, ukuhlinzwa)?
- Yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa?
- Kukangaki ngidinga ukubona udokotela?
Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Uma uqonda isimo sakho ngokucacile, kuzoba lula ngawe ukusekela ukwelashwa kwakho.
Okokugcina, amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukungajwayelekile ekuboneni kwakho, ungakuzibi. Isazi se-Retina singuchwepheshe onokuqeqeshwa nolwazi oluphelele ukukusiza uvikele umbono wakho. Ngakho-ke, uma uthunyelwa kudokotela onjalo , ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekuvikeleni umbono wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uchwepheshe we-Retina udokotela othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ku-retina, ngaphezu kokuba udokotela wamehlo ojwayelekile.
- Laba odokotela abangochwepheshe belapha izifo ezinkulu njengokulimala kwamehlo okubangelwa isifo sikashukela, ukuvaleka kwe-retinal, kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono okuhlobene nokuguga.
- Uma uthunyelwa kuchwepheshe we-Retina, khumbula ukuthi i-aphoyintimenti izothatha isikhathi eside (amahora angu-2-3) nokuthi kuzodingeka ugweme ukushayela futhi uhambisane nomunye umuntu njengoba kuzosetshenziswa umuthi wamehlo.
- KuyabonakalaUma kwenzeka ushintsho oluzumayo (ukuntanta, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo), iya kudokotela wamehlo noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala .
- Buza udokotela wakho imibuzo ecacile ngesimo sakho, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokwelashwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze ukwelashwa kuphumelele.
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