Singakwazi yini ukuthola izinkinga zofuzo enganeni esibelethweni kusenesikhathi? Ake sixoxe nge (Chorionic Villus Sampling - CVS)!

Uma ungumama okhulelwe, cishe ukhathazeka kakhulu ngomntwana osesiswini sakho, akunjalo? Kuvamile ukuzibuza ukuthi uphilile yini nokuthi unezinkinga. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kutholakala ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi ``Chorionic Villus Sampling`` noma ``CVS`` test okusiza ukuthola ezinye izimo zofuzo noma izifo zokuzalwa enganeni. Ingabe singaxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe?

Kalula nje, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CVS' kuwukuhlolwa okungenziwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-13. Kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yamaseli avela ku-placenta, ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Chorionic villi', bese uwahlola. Njengoba lawa maseli e-'Chorionic villi' akhiqizwa yiqanda elivundisiwe, ulwazi lwawo lwezakhi zofuzo luvame ukufana nolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo lomntwana. Ngakho-ke, lawa maseli athunyelwa elabhorethri futhi ahlaziywe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umntwana unezimo zofuzo yini. Lokhu kunganquma ngisho nobulili bomntwana.

Kungani kwenziwa lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-CVS? Kunconywa bani?

Manje ungase uzibuze, ingabe wonke umuntu udinga ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CVS'? Akunjalo ngempela. Akuyona ingxenye ephoqelekile yokunakekelwa kwakho kwangaphambi kokubeletha. Odokotela batusa lokhu kuhlolwa kuphela kubantu abanezici ezithile eziyingozi, noma uma ezinye izivivinyo zokukhulelwa ezingangenisi noma izikena ze-ultrasound zibonisa noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa noma cha sincike kuwe . Ungaxoxa ngezinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu nodokotela wakho bese wenza isinqumo sakho.

Odokotela bangase basikisele ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma unengane yangaphambilini enesifo sofuzo.
• Uma uneminyaka engu-35 noma ngaphezulu uma uthola umntwana wakho.
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini noma olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi ingane isengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sofuzo.
• Uma wena, umlingani wakho, noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho enesifo sofuzo (noma enomlando waso).

Kunini lapho kulungele khona ukweqa ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase bakucebise ukuthi ungakwenzi lokhu kuhlolwa. Ake sibone ukuthi lokho kwenzeka nini.

• Uma uke waba nokopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho.
• Uma unesifo, isibonelo isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI).

Yiziphi izimo ezingatholakala nge-CVS?

Yini ngempela engatholakala ngalolu hlolo lwe-'CVS'? Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuboneni ezinye izifo zofuzo, ikakhulukazi izinkinga ngama-chromosome. Uyazi ukuthi ama-chromosome yizinto eziqukethe i-'DNA' kanye nokwakheka kofuzo komntwana. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlolo lungahlola ukuthi ngabe maningi kakhulu lawa ma-chromosome, mancane kakhulu, noma ngabe kukhona izinguquko ezinkulu esakhiweni sama-chromosome. Kungenxa yezinguquko ezinjalo zama-chromosome ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa nezinye izinkinga zempilo zivela.

Ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Down syndrome noma i-Trisomy 21
• I-cystic fibrosis
• Isifo se-sickle cell
• Isifo sikaTay-Sachs
• I-Trisomy 18 noma i-Edward syndrome
• I-Trisomy 13 noma i-Patau Syndrome

Ingabe kukhona izinto ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS okungenakuzibona?

Yebo, into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CVS' akukwazi ukubona zonke izinkinga zokuzalwa . Isibonelo, izinto ezifana ne-'Neural tube defects (NTDs)', okuyizinkinga emgogodleni noma ebuchosheni bomntwana, azikwazi ukutholwa yilokhu kuhlolwa. Uke wezwa nge-'(Spina bifida)'? Lezo yizinto. Kunezinye izivivinyo zokuthola izimo ezinjalo, isibonelo, '(ukuhlolwa kwe-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP))' kuhle, kanti '(Amniocentesis)' kuhle.

Futhi, ezinye izinkinga zesakhiwo emzimbeni womntwana, njengezimo zenhliziyo, izindebe eziqhekekile, noma i-cleft palate, azikwazi ukutholakala ngalesi sivivinyo se-'CVS'. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungatholakala nge-'Ultrasound' scan, evame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-18 nama-20 okukhulelwa.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Kulungile, ake sithi usunqume ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS. Kwenzekani ngaphambi kwalokho? Ngokuvamile uzothunyelwa ukuze uthole ukwelulekwa ngofuzo nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngomama nomntwana. Lo meluleki uzochaza izingozi nezinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukhulelwe amasonto amangaki. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS? Ingabe kuyabuhlungu?

Umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo ukuthi ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS kubuhlungu yini. Akubuhlungu ngempela, kodwa ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile. Kunezindlela ezimbili odokotela abenza ngazo lokhu kuhlolwa:

1. Ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane (indlela ye-Trans-cervical)

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi, idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-`(Speculum)` ifakwa esithweni sakho sangasese. Iyithuluzi elincane elibunjwe njengomlomo wedada, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonile lokhu uma uke wenza i-`(Pap test)`. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa izindonga zesitho sangasese ...

2. Ngesisu (Indlela ye-Trans-abdominal)

Kule nqubo, eqondiswa yi-ultrasound scan, udokotela ufaka inalithi encane esikhumbeni sesisu sakho ayifake ku-placenta bese ethatha isampula yamaseli. Kule nqubo ye-transabdominal, ungase unikezwe i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze unciphise ukungakhululeki.

Zombili lezi zindlela zithatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuqeda isivivinyo.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Ungaya ekhaya ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-CVS. Kungcono ukuphumula amahora ambalwa ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Iningi labantu lingaqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile ngosuku olulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ugweme imisebenzi yocansi, ukuzivocavoca, noma imisebenzi enzima izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu .

Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS okwesibili?

Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwe-CVS. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungaqoqi amaseli anele, kungase kudingeke ukwenze okwesibili ukuze uthole inani elidingekayo lamaseli.

Futhi, uma unezingane ezingamawele, futhi ingane ngayinye inezibeletho ezihlukene, khona-ke kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS okubili kwengane ngayinye.

Yiziphi izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa, ungase uzizwe unenkani esiswini sakho. Ukubonakala kwesikhumba esithweni sangasese sowesifazane nakho kuyinto evamile. Uma ukuhlolwa kwenziwe ngesisu, ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu obuncane bokunkani esiswini sakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS ngokuvamile kuphephile, kodwa akunazo izingozi ezithile . Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalezi zingozi nodokotela wakho futhi uziqonde. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezo zingozi:

• Ukuphuphuma Kwesisu: Ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS ingaphansi kwe-1 kwabayi-100, noma ngaphansi kwe-1% . Lelo yiphesenti eliphansi kakhulu.
• Ukutheleleka: Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokutheleleka.
• Ukukhubazeka kwezitho: Akuvamile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS kwenziwa ngaphambi kwamasonto ayi-10 okukhulelwa, kunethuba lokuthi umntwana uzozalwa enokukhubazeka kwezitho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ngesikhathi.
• Ukopha: Nakuba ukopha okuthile kuyinto evamile, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase kube nokopha okukhulu kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngemva kwe-CVS.
• Uketshezi lwe-amniotic oluvuzayo:Ngezinye izikhathi, uketshezi oluningi kakhulu lwe-amniotic (uketshezi oluzungeze umntwana) lungavuza, okungabangela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukuzwela kwe-Rh: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungenayo i-Rh kanti ingane yakho engakazalwa ine-Rh, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zegazi zihlangana. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlolo lwe-'CVS' ukuthi ungazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa . Ukwazi lolu lwazi kusenesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo zezempilo ngokushesha.

Isibonelo, ungalungiselela kusenesikhathi noma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ingane yakho engase ikudinge ngemva kokuzalwa. Noma, lolu lwazi lungaba lubalulekile lapho unquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka nokukhulelwa noma cha.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-`CVS` kunembile cishe ngo-99% . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungayethemba imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Udokotela uthatha isampula ye-`(Chorionic villi)` ayithumele elabhorethri. Ochwepheshe lapho bakhulisa amaseli oketshezini olukhethekile bese bewahlola izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile ungathola imiphumela yokuqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zithatha isikhathi eside ukuhlola. Kungathatha izinsuku eziyi-10 noma amasonto amabili ukuthi le miphumela ibuye. Umeluleki wakho wezakhi zofuzo uzokuthinta ngemiphumela yokugcina futhi akhulume nawe ngayo. Uma kudingeka, bangaxoxa nangokunye ukuhlolwa okudingeka ukwenze.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS kunembe kangakanani?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS kunembile cishe ngo-99% . Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa akukwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ubukhali besimo sofuzo.

Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingaba ngeyase-placenta. Okusho ukuthi, ukukhubazeka kwenzeka kuphela ku-placenta futhi akuthinti ingane esibelethweni. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ku-1% kuya ku-2% wazo zonke izimo.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS ikhombisa ukuthi ikhona?

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS ikhombisa ukuthi ingane yakho engakazalwa inesimo sofuzo, ungakhuluma nomeluleki wakho, umlingani wakho, kanye nodokotela wakho ukuze ninqume ukuthi yini okufanele niyenze ngokulandelayo. Udokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo angakusiza uqonde ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS isho ukuthini ngempela. Ngemuva kwalokho ungenza izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu mayelana nokuqhubekela phambili.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqaqamba, noma ukopha okungapheli noma okwande ngemva kwe-CVS, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Uma uzizwa sengathi uketshezi lwe-amniotic luyavuza (kungase kuzwakale sengathi uyachama kancane).
• Uma uzizwa sengathi uthola umkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane.
• Uma unezinsini ezihambisana nobuhlungu besisu.
• Uma unomkhuhlane.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-CVS nokuhlolwa kwe-Amniocentesis?

Omunye umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-`CVS` kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-`(Amniocentesis)`. Zombili lezi zivivinyo zibheka izimo zofuzo zomntwana osesiswini. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningana zomehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

• Nini: Lezi zivivinyo ezimbili zenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-CVS yenziwa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa (phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-12), ukuze uthole ngokushesha ukuthi ingane yakho inesimo sofuzo. I-Amniocentesis yenziwa cishe emavikini ayi-16 okukhulelwa.
• Izimo ezingatholakala: I-Amniocentesis ingathola izimo ezifana nokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube (NTDs) kanye ne-spina bifida. I-CVS ayikwazi ukuthola lezi zimo.
• Ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu: Ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-"Amniocentesis" iphansi kancane kune-"CVS".
• Ukungavumelani kwe-Rh: Ukungavumelani kwe-Rh kungahlolwa nge-amniocentesis.
• Ukuqinisekiswa: Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-amniocentesis ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS.

Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngezinto ezikubangela ingozi futhi ancome ukuthi wenze okukodwa, kokubili, noma akukho noyedwa kulezi zivivinyo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-CVS?

Uma ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?"
• "Ingabe ingane yami isengozini enkulu yokuba nenkinga ye-chromosome noma enye inkinga yezakhi zofuzo?"
• "Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-`CVS` noma ukuhlolwa kwe-`(Amniocentesis)` kungcono kimi?"
• "Iyini ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu uma ngenza lokhu kuhlolwa?"
• "Yiziphi izinkinga okufanele ngizazi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-`CVS`?"
• "Yini ngempela engingayifunda emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-`CVS`?"

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) ukuhlolwa okuhlola izinkinga ezithile zofuzo enganeni yakho. Akuyona ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile . Uma unquma ukukwenza, kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-10 kuya kwangu-13 okukhulelwa. Ukuhlolwa kuphephile futhi imiphumela inembile, kodwa kunezingozi ezithile. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CVS ingakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezibalulekile zezempilo. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola umntwana onesimo sofuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-CVS kulungile yini kuwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe- CVS, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, izifo zofuzo, i-placenta, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, (Ukusampula kwe-Chorionic Villus), (Ukuxilongwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha)