Ingabe unenkinga ngamaphaphu akho? Ake sixoxe nge-pneumonia.

Ingabe nawe uhlushwa ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela okuvamile, kanye nomkhuhlane kulezi zinsuku? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane kungumkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane omncane, kodwa kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia esithinta amaphaphu ethu. Ungakhathazeki, uma sazi kahle ngalokhu, singazivikela kakhulu futhi silulame ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Kuyini i-pneumonia? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu akho . Lokhu kutheleleka kungabangelwa amagciwane , amagciwane , noma, ngokungavamile , isikhunta . Lokhu kutheleleka kubangela ukuthi izicubu zamaphaphu akho zivuvuke, noma zivuvuke . Ngezinye izikhathi amaphaphu angagcwala uketshezi noma ubomvu.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukuba nzima kakhulu kune-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane. I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukuziphelela yodwa. I-pneumonia ingathinta iphaphu elilodwa nje, noma ingathinta womabili amaphaphu. Uma ithinta womabili amaphaphu, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bilateral noma i-double pneumonia .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane kanye ne-bacterial?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi umehluko uyini phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Eqinisweni, zonke izifo ze-pneumonia zihilela ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingase zihluke kancane kuye ngohlobo lwegciwane (amabhaktheriya, igciwane, noma isikhunta) elibangele lokhu.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pneumonia, futhi ingaba nzima kakhulu. Ingadinga ngisho nokulaliswa esibhedlela. Odokotela bayayelapha ngama -antibiotic .

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ivame ukuveza izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ngokuvamile iyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-pneumonia?

Sihlukanisa i-pneumonia ngokwegciwane eliyibangele (okungukuthi igciwane, amagciwane noma isikhunta) nangendlela oyithole ngayo. Okungukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyithole emphakathini, esibhedlela, noma ngenkathi usebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula.

1. I-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini (i-CAP)

Uma uthola i-pneumonia endaweni yomphakathi, njengasekhaya noma emsebenzini, kunokuba uthole esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sezempilo, ibizwa ngokuthi i-community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) . Lokhu kungabangelwa yi:

• Amabhaktheriya: Imbangela evame kakhulu yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Streptococcus pneumoniae . Lokhu kungabangela nokutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwama-sinus, kanye ne-meningitis.I-pneumonia ebangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ivame ukuba yingozi kakhulu. Ingabangelwa futhi amabhaktheriya anjenge -Haemophilus influenzae , i-Chlamydia pneumoniae , kanye ne-Legionella (isifo esibangelwa yilokhu sibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-Legionnaires).
• Amagciwane: Amagciwane afana nomkhuhlane ovamile, i-influenza , i-COVID-19, kanye negciwane lokuphefumula elihambisana nokuxhumana (i-RSV) ngezinye izikhathi angabangela i-pneumonia.
• Isikhunta/izikhunta: Isikhunta esifana ne -Cryptococcus , i-Pneumocystis jirovecii , kanye ne-Coccidioides asivamile ukubangela i-pneumonia. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bavame ukuba sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia ngenxa yesikhunta.
• I-Protozoa: Akuvamile kakhulu, i-protozoa efana ne-Toxoplasma nayo ingabangela i-pneumonia.

2. I-pneumonia etholakale esibhedlela (HAP)

Uma uthola i-pneumonia ngenkathi usesibhedlela ngenxa yesinye isifo noma ukuhlinzwa, ibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia etholakala esibhedlela (HAP) . Ngokuvamile iyingozi kakhulu kune-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ivame ukubangelwa amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic. Isibonelo , i-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-methicillin . Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-HAP ingakwenza ugule kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuyelapha.

3. I-pneumonia ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo (HCAP)

Lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lungenzeka ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, njengezindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile, noma emitholampilo yeziguli ezingalaliswa esibhedlela lapho iziguli zithola khona ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Njenge-pneumonia etholakala esibhedlela, ivame ukubangelwa amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic.

4. I-pneumonia ehlobene nokuphefumula (i-VAP)

Uma kufanele usebenzise umshini wokuphefumula ukuze ukusize uphefumule esibhedlela (ngokuvamile usegumbini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU), usengozini yokuthola lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia olubizwa nge -VAP . Lungabangelwa amagciwane abangela i-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini, kanye namagciwane angamelani nama-antibiotic abangela i-pneumonia etholakala esibhedlela.

5. I-Aspiration pneumonia

Uma into efana nokudla, uketshezi, amathe, noma ukuhlanza kungena emphinjeni wakho nasemaphashini akho, okungukuthi, uma kubhajwa emphinjeni wakho (isifiso) , futhi ungakwazi ukukukhwehlela, ungathola ukutheleleka emaphashini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthiKuyini i-aspiration pneumonia?

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-pneumonia, umkhuhlane ovamile, noma umkhuhlane?

Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi komkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kanye ne-pneumonia. Udokotela kuphela ongakutshela ngqo ukuthi unani. I-pneumonia ingaba yisifo esisongela impilo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu :

• Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane ongama-degree Celsius angu-38.88 (102 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi oluphuzi, oluluhlaza okotshani, noma olunegazi .

Khumbula, uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia?

Usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia uma :

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 noma ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala.
• Uma unesifo samaphaphu (isib. i-cystic fibrosis , i-asthma , isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona ( COPD), i-emphysema , i-pulmonary fibrosis , i-sarcoidosis ) noma isifo senhliziyo.
• Uma unesifo sezinzwa esibangela ubunzima bokugwinya (isib. i-dementia , isifo sikaParkinson , isifo sohlangothi ). Laba bantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-aspiration pneumonia .
• Uma usesibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.
• Uma ubhema.
• Uma ukhulelwe.
• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka (isibonelo, uma uthola i-chemotherapy , uke wafakelwa isitho, une -HIV/AIDS , noma uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba).

Ivame kangakanani i-pneumonia?

Noma ubani angathola i-pneumonia. Kuyisifo esivame kakhulu. E-United States kuphela, izigidi zabantu zithola i-pneumonia minyaka yonke. Futhi, abantu ababalelwa ku-55,000 bayafa ngenxa ye-pneumonia minyaka yonke e-United States. I-pneumonia iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emazweni asathuthuka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela. Izimpawu zingahluka kusukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Izinsana, izingane ezincane, kanye nabantu asebekhulile bangabonisa izimpawu ezahlukene.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia yamagciwane

Izimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia zingavela kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo. Zihlanganisa:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (kufika ku-40.55 degrees Celsius noma ku-105 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Ukukhwehlela kuvela i-phlegm ephuzi, eluhlaza okotshani, noma enegazi .
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Ukujuluka noma ukuzizwa ubanda.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba kanye/noma besisu, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela noma uphefumula kakhulu.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho (i-Cyanosis) .
• Ukudideka noma ushintsho esimweni sengqondo.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane zivame ukukhula kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana neze-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, noma ungase ube nazo:

• Ukukhwehlela okomile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ubuthakathaka.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ezinganeni ezincane

Izinsana nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zingase zingabonisi zimpawu ze-pneumonia, noma izimpawu zazo zingase zihluke kwezabantu abadala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukungakhululeki okuvamile, ukujuluka/ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-Tachypnea) .
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukuntuleka kwamandla.
• Ukungahlaliseki noma ukukhala njalo.

Ungase ubone izinto ezinjengalezi ezinganeni ezincane:

• Umsindo wokuphefumula noma wokuhogela lapho uphefumula.
• Ukuchama okunciphile noma amanabukeni amanzi ambalwa.
• Isikhumba esimpunga.
• Umzimba ongenampilo.
• Ukukhala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Ubunzima bokuphuza ubisi.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 noma labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane noma ezimbalwa ze-pneumonia (njengokukhwehlela nokuphelelwa umoya). Bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu zezimo zempilo ezikhona. Abantu abadala bangase babe nalokhu:

• Ushintsho oluzumayo esimweni sengqondo.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ngikhathele.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia yenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho elwa nokutheleleka okungene ezikhwameni ezincane zomoya (ama-alveoli) emaphashini akho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaphaphu akho avuvuke futhi aqale ukuvuza uketshezi.

Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhaktheriya, amagciwane, kanye nesikhunta zingabangela i-pneumonia. Amagciwane ayimbangela evame kakhulu ye-pneumonia kubantu abadala, kanti amagciwane ayimbangela evame kakhulu ye-pneumonia ezinganeni zesikole. Ezinye izifo ezivamile ezingaholela ku-pneumonia zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane ovamile (i-Rhinovirus) .
• I-Covid-19 (SARS-COV-2) .
• Umkhuhlane (igciwane lomkhuhlane) .
• I-metapneumovirus yabantu (i-HMPV) .
• I-Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV) .
• Isifo samaLegionnaire .
• I-Mycoplasma pneumonia yigciwane.
• Isifo se-pneumococcal(Isifo se-pneumococcal) .
• I-pneumonia ye-pneumocystis .
• Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV) .

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathelelana?

I-pneumonia empeleni ayithelelani. Kodwa-ke, amabhaktheriya namagciwane ayibangela ayathelelana . Isibonelo, i-flu iyathelelana, futhi leyo flu ingabangela ne-pneumonia. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola i-flu othola i-pneumonia.

Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-pneumonia , i-Streptococcus pneumoniae , ingasakazeka isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye ngokuthinta izindawo ezinegciwane noma ngamaconsi akhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula.

I-pneumonia yesikhunta ayithelelani. Ngokungafani nokutheleleka kwesikhunta, amagciwane, kanye namagciwane, ayisakazeki isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye.

Itholakala kanjani i-pneumonia?

Ukuze kutholakale i-pneumonia, udokotela uzobuza ngomlando wempilo yakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uzolalela amaphaphu akho nge -stethoscope . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa noma ziyalwe. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izivivinyo zesithombe ezifana ne -X-ray yesifuba , ukuhlola amazinga akho e-oxygen nge-pulse oximetry (ukulinganisa amazinga e-oxygen egazini) , izivivinyo zegazi, noma izivivinyo ze-sputum .

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho noma udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi une-pneumonia, angase angakwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-pneumonia?

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo zokuhlola amaphaphu akho ukuze abone izimpawu zokutheleleka, alinganise ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi ahlole igazi noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba ukuze athole imbangela ye-pneumonia yakho, njenge:

• Izithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ingasetshenziswa ukuthatha izithombe zamaphaphu akho nokuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lokutheleleka olubangela i-pneumonia yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela: Uzocelwa ukuba ukhwehlele bese ufaka isikhwehlela esitsheni. Sizothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu zokutheleleka futhi kutholakale ukuthi yini ebangela lokho.
• I-pulse oximetry: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho futhi kunganikeza udokotela wakho umbono wokuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukukhuliswa koketshezi lwe-Pleural: Udokotela wakho usebenzisa inalithi encane ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu akho. Isampula ithunyelwa elebhu ukusiza ukuthola imbangela yokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi lemithambo: Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, kuthathwa isampula yegazi esihlakaleni sakho, engalweni, noma esinqeni bese kulinganiswa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ithubhu elincane nelikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscope ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Angase futhi athathe amasampula ezicubu noma uketshezi ukuze ahlolwe elebhu.

Iphathwa kanjani i-pneumonia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kuncike embangela (igciwane, igciwane, noma isikhunta) nokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani. Njengoba imbangela ingaziwa kaningi, ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nokugcina isimo sakho singabi sibi kakhulu.

Ezinye izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ama-antibiotic: I-pneumonia yamagciwane yelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Ngeke yelaphe igciwane, kodwa udokotela wakho angase akunike uma unesifo samagciwane kanye negciwane.
• Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta: I-pneumonia ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwesikhunta ingelashwa ngemithi yokulwa nesikhunta.
• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ayivamile ukwelashwa ngemithi, futhi ingase iziphelele yodwa. Ukuze unciphise ubude nobunzima bokugula kwakho ngenxa yegciwane, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokulwa namagciwane efana ne -Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) , i-Zanamivir (Relenza®) , noma i-Peramivir (Rapivab®) .
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma ungatholi i-oxygen eyanele, udokotela wakho angakunika i-oxygen eyengeziwe ngepayipi elifakwe ekhaleni lakho noma ngemaski egqokwe ebusweni bakho.
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (uketshezi lwe-IV): Uketshezi olufakwa ngqo emthanjeni (IV) lusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukwelapha ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni uma kwenzeka.
• Ukususwa koketshezi: Uma uketshezi oluningi luqongelelene phakathi kwamaphaphu akho nodonga lwesifuba ( i-pleural effusion ), udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukulususa. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-catheter noma ngokuhlinzwa.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyaphela yodwa?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane ivame ukuziphelela yodwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ulandele njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ukuze welaphe izimpawu zakho futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ngingabhekana kanjani nezimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kanye nezinto ongazenza ekhaya zingakusiza uzizwe ungcono futhi uphathe izimpawu ze-pneumonia:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne -ibuprofen (Advil®) kanye ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol®) yokwelapha izinhlungu zomzimba kanye nomkhuhlane.
• Izinto zokunciphisa ukukhwehlela:Buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ukukhwehlela ye-pneumonia. Ukukhwehlela kubalulekile ekuhlanzeni amaphaphu akho.
• Ukwelashwa nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula: Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze lezi zindlela zokwelapha ukuze kukhululeke ulwelwesi futhi kukusize uphefumule.
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier: Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ugcine i-humidifier encane eduze kombhede wakho noma ugeze ngamanzi ashisayo noma ugeze ngamanzi ashisayo. Lokhu kungasiza ekwenzeni ukuphefumula kube lula.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-pneumonia?

Ukuthi uzizwa ungcono ngokushesha kangakanani kuncike kulezi zinto:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Imbangela ye-pneumonia yakho.
• Ubunzima be-pneumonia yakho.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezinye izimo zempilo noma izinkinga.

Uma ungumuntu ophilile ongenazo ezinye izifo, izimpawu eziningi ze-pneumonia yamagciwane zivame ukuqala ukuthuthuka zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Nge-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, ungase uqale ukuzizwa ungcono zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhwehlela nokukhathala, zingase zihlale amasonto amaningana.

Ngizothelelana isikhathi esingakanani uma ngine-pneumonia?

Uma une-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, awusabhekwa njengothelelana ngemva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho usuphelile futhi usuthathe ama-antibiotic okungenani izinsuku ezimbili. Uma une-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane, usabhekwa njengothelelana kuze kube yilapho uzizwa ungcono futhi ungabi nomkhuhlane izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngine-pneumonia?

Uma ungumuntu ophilile ongenazo ezinye izifo, ungalulama ngokushesha kwi-pneumonia uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma ungelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo, i-pneumonia ingaba yingozi empilweni.

Ngisho nabantu abelaphe ngempumelelo futhi balulame ngokuphelele ngezinye izikhathi bangaba nezinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Ngemva kokululama e-pneumonia, ungase ubhekane nalokhu:

• Ukwehla kwamandla okuzivocavoca.
• Ukuwohloka kwesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukwehla okuvamile kwekhwalithi yokuphila.

Izingane ezelaphekile yi-pneumonia zisengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona.

Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezinkinga zempilo ngemva kokululama e-pneumonia, bona udokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuthi zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela, okuhlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: I-pneumonia ingabangela ukwehluleka kokuphefumula noma i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) .
• Ukuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini (i-pleural effusion).
• Ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya egazini (i-Bacteremia) , noma i-sepsis:Amabhaktheriya abangela i-pneumonia angangena egazini lakho, asakaze ukutheleleka kwezinye izitho zomzimba futhi abangele i-sepsis (njengokungenwa ubuthi egazini) noma ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
• Ithumba lamaphaphu: I-pneumonia ingabangela izimbobo ezigcwele ubomvu (amathumba) emaphashini akho.

Kunini lapho kudingeka ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

Uma une-pneumonia enzima noma izinkinga, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia uma :

• Kulungile uma ungaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 noma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.
• Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka.
• Uma unezinkinga zempilo ezithinta inhliziyo namaphaphu akho.

Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kungathatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-pneumonia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ukugonyelwa amagciwane namagciwane avame ukuyibangela. Kukhona nemikhuba yezempilo yansuku zonke ongayilandela ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia.

Imithi yokugomela i-pneumonia

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokugoma evimbela i-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane e-pneumococcal. Njengomuthi wokugoma womkhuhlane, le mithi yokugoma ayivikeli kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-pneumonia. Kodwa uma ugula, cishe ngeke ibe yingozi kakhulu.

• Imithi yokugomela i-pneumococcal: I-Pneumovax23® kanye ne -Prevnar13® zivikela amagciwane e-pneumonia. Zinconywa amaqembu athile eminyaka noma abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-pneumonia. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimuphi umuthi wokugomela ofanele wena noma abathandekayo bakho.
• Imithi yokugomela amagciwane: Njengoba amanye amagciwane engabangela i-pneumonia, ukugomela i-COVID-19 kanye nomkhuhlane kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia.
• Ukugoma kwabantwana: Uma unezingane, buza udokotela wazo ukuthi yimiphi eminye imijovo okufanele ziyithole. Imijovo eminingana yabantwana isiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane namagciwane angabangela i-pneumonia.

Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi ye-pneumonia

Ngaphezu kokugonywa, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola nokusabalalisa i-pneumonia ngokulandela le mikhuba yezempilo:

• Yeka ukubhema futhi ugweme ukubhema ugwayi osetshenziswa abanye abantu. Ukubhema konakalisa amaphaphu akho futhi kwandisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla, ngaphambi kokuphatha ukudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Uma insipho ingekho, sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Uma wena noma omunye umuntu enesifo esithelelanayo njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-COVID-19, gwema ukuxhumana naye eduze nokwabelana ngezinto.
• Uma kufanele uhlale esibhedlela noma kwesinye isikhungo sezempilo, ungesabi ukubuza odokotela bakho ukuthi bangakunciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okuhle, uvivinye umzimba, futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele.
• Thola ukwelashwa kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo noma izimo zempilo onazo. Lezi zimo zingaba buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho futhi zandise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-pneumonia.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngizizwe ngingcono uma ngine-pneumonia?

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uzizwe ungcono uma une-pneumonia:

• Lawula izimpawu zakho njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
• Qedela yonke imithi kanye nokwelashwa okuyalelwe udokotela wakho. Ungayeki ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono. Qhubeka uwathatha uze uqede yonke imithi. Uma ungaqedi yonke imithi, i-pneumonia yakho ingase ibuye.
• Uma udokotela wakho ekunike imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-aspirin, i-acetaminophen, i-ibuprofen, ne-naproxen), yithathe njengoba kuqondiswe kwilebula. Ungalokothi unike izingane i-aspirin.
• Phumula kahle.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma uzizwa izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi i-pneumonia iya ngokuya iba ngcono?

Njengoba uqala ukululama e-pneumonia, umkhuhlane wakho uzoba owokuqala ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Ngemva kwalokho, ungase uqaphele ukuthi inani lamafinyila owakhwehlelayo liyancipha. Ukuzizwa sengathi ungenza eminye yemisebenzi yakho evamile nakho kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi uyalulama.

Uma ngine-pneumonia, ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma emisebenzini evamile?

Uma izimpawu zakho seziphelile, zincane noma ziyathuthuka, futhi ungenazo izimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, ungabuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukukhathala (ukuntuleka kwamandla).
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Isikhwehlela, umkhuhlane, noma ukukhwehlela.

Uma uphilile, abantu abaningi bazizwa bephilile ngokwanele ukuthi babuyele emisebenzini yabo yangaphambilini kungakapheli isonto. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha inyanga ukuthi balulame ngokugcwele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele ugula, unesifo esithile esingaqondakali, noma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ukukhathala.
• Shintsha isifiso sokudla (uma uzizwa sengathi unesifiso esincane sokudla).

Kufanele ngiye nini eGumbini Lezimo Eziphuthumayo?

Iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele u-911 uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu:

• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula noma uzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma umile nje, kulungile lokho.
• Uma unezinhlungu zesifuba ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu.
• Kulungile uma udidekile noma ungakwazi ukucabanga kahle.

Ungayithola yini i-pneumonia ngaphandle komkhuhlane?

Yebo, yize umkhuhlane uwuphawu oluvamile lwe-pneumonia, i-pneumonia ingavela noma ingekho umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu, ngesizathu esithile :

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 noma ngaphansi kwemibili (ikakhulukazi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana).
• Uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka.

Ingabe i-pneumonia yelashwa ngendlela ehlukile ezinganeni?

I-pneumonia ezinganeni ngokuvamile ayiphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu nge-pneumonia futhi zisengozini enkulu yokulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze zithole ukwelashwa kunabantu abadala.

Njengoba kunezimbangela eziningi kangaka nezimpawu ezahlukene, i-pneumonia ingabonakala idida kancane. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma uzibuza ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibonisa yini into engathí sina. Umkhuhlane ophakeme, i-phlegm enegazi noma enemibala engavamile, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula konke kuyizimpawu okungafanele uzishaye indiva. Unganqikazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma umzimba wakho ukutshela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Masikhumbule izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sikukhumbuze futhi ngamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu esixoxe ngawo nge-pneumonia:

• I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Kungabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma, ngokungavamile, isikhunta.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, ungacabangi nje ukuthi umkhuhlane bese ubona udokotela.
• Ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, kanye nalabo abanezinye izifo zamaphaphu/zenhliziyo kudingeka bakhathazeke kakhulu nge-pneumonia.
• Ukuthola imijovo, njengomjovo we-pneumococcal kanye nomjovo we-flu, kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba ne-pneumonia.
• Ukugwema ukubhema, ukugeza izandla kahle, nokuphila ngendlela enempilo nakho kuyasiza ekuvikeleni ekushayweni yi-pneumonia.
• Thatha umuthi owunikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kungama-antibiotic, qeda yonke imithi, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.

Khumbula, uyazi impilo yakho kangcono. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile noma engavamile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungakhathazeki, i-pneumonia ivame ukwelapheka ngokwelashwa okusheshayo!

I - pneumonia, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumula, izimpawu ze-pneumonia, ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia