Kwenzekani enkumbulweni yakho? Ake sixoxe ngesifo i-Alzheimer's

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uyakhohlwa izinto? Lapho kukhona khona okhiye bakho, igama lomuntu, noma lokho obuzokwenza... Ukukhohlwa okuncane kuyinto evamile kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, lokhu kukhohlwa kungabathinta ngendlela engathi sína. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esilimaza kakhulu inkumbulo futhi sithinte ubuchopho. Leso yisifo i-Alzheimer's.

Iyini Isifo sika-Alzheimer?

Kalula nje, i-Alzheimer's ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-dementia, ebangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kanye nokwehla kwengqondo. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, iyisifo esiwohloka ngenxa yemizwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana ebuchosheni bethu ayalimala futhi abhujiswe. Ekugcineni, umuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's angase alahlekelwe imisebenzi ebalulekile yobuchopho njengenkumbulo kanye nekhono lokukhuluma.

Cabanga nje, abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-24 emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa yilesi sifo. Umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 angase abe nalesi sifo. Futhi, cishe oyedwa kwabathathu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-85 kuthiwa unesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Nakuba kunezindlela zokwelapha zokulawula lezi zimpawu, akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othile oseduze nawe unalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's?

Isifo se-Alzheimer asithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngokuvamile, singabangela ikhono lakho lokwenza okulandelayo:

• Inkumbulo
• Ikhono lokucabanga ngokunengqondo
• Ikhono lokukhuluma (ulimi)
• Ukuziphatha kanye nobuntu
• Ukuqonda indawo ezungezile (isikhala)

Ngokuvamile, umuntu onenkinga yokukhohlwa noma ezinye izimpawu ze-Alzheimer angase abe nobunzima bokubona izinguquko engqondweni nasemzimbeni wakhe. Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala kakhulu kwabathandekayo bakho.

Lezi zimpawu ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ukwehla okuqhubekayo). Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu ezifana ne-dementia, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo

Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko nesivame kakhulu sesifo i-Alzheimer. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngawe ukukhumbula izinto ezenzeke muva nje (inkumbulo yesikhathi esifushane) noma izinto ezenzeke kudala (inkumbulo yesikhathi eside).

Ungase ube nobunzima bokukhumbula lezi zinto:

• Ubuso, amagama
• Amanye amaqiniso
• Lapho ukhona (noma ngabe kuyindawo ejwayelekile njengekhaya)

Izinkinga zenkumbulo ezibangelwa yi-Alzheimer's zinkulu kakhulu kunezinto ezincane esivame ukuzikhohlwa lapho sibeka khona ifoni yethu noma sizibuze ukuthi sikhiye umnyango yini.

Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokunengqondo

Umuntu one-Alzheimer's angase abonakale edidekile noma athathe isikhathi eside kakhulu ukwenza izinqumo. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngawe ukwenza okulandelayo:

• Nquma ukuthi yini ozoyenza ngokulandelayo.
• Pheka ngokweresiphi
• Yenza izinhlelo.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nolimi

Isifo se-Alzheimer singenza kube nzima ngawe ukukhuluma, ukufunda, noma ukuqonda ulimi (i-aphasia). Ungase:

• Ukhuluma futhi axhumane kancane kunangaphambili
• Uma umuntu ekhuluma izilimi eziningana, uzoshintsha izilimi futhi akhulume ngendlela edidekile.
• Ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu ebuntwaneni luzoshintshwa lube
• Usebenzisa amagama angalungile

Izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasebuntwini

Ungase uqaphele izinguquko esimweni sengqondo noma ebuntwini bomuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's. Bangase:

• Ungaba nokungabaza okukhulu (ngisho nakubantu obaziyo iminyaka eminingi).
• Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa kungenzeka njalo (kungaba nolaka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile)
• Ungase uzizwe ungenaso isikhathi sokuzinza, ukwesaba izinto ezingavamile, noma ukubona izinto ezingekho.
• Ungase ulahlekelwe ukuzethemba kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.

Wonke umuntu unezinsuku ezimbi nezikhathi ezinzima. Kodwa ukushintsha kwemizwelo nobuntu okubangelwa yi-Alzheimer's kukhulu kakhulu futhi kungazelelwe kunokuqhuma kwentukuthelo noma intukuthelo evamile.

Ukwehla kolwazi ngemvelo ezungezile

Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi izinto zisondelene kangakanani nomzimba wakho, noma ungase uzizwe ungasakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho njengakuqala. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuphahlazeka kwefenisha
• Kunzima ukucosha okuthile.
• Ubunzima bokwenza ukunyakaza okuncane kwezandla njengokubopha izintambo zezicathulo noma ukuthayipha kukhibhodi

Odokotela bahlukanisa isifo i-Alzheimer's ngezigaba eziningana. Lezi zigaba zikutshela ukuthi useduze kangakanani nesifo sokuwohloka komqondo, ukuthi isifo sakho i-Alzheimer's sibi kangakanani, noma ukuthi sisheshe kangakanani.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo i-Alzheimer's?

Imbangela eyinhloko yesifo i-Alzheimer's ukugcwala okungavamile kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamaprotheni ebuchosheni. Ngokukhethekile, izinhlobo ezimbili zamaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid kanye ne-tau.

Uyazi, ubuchopho bethu bunezigidigidi zamaseli ezinzwa, noma ama-neurons . La ma-neurons yiwo asisiza sicabange, sifunde, sikhumbule, futhi sihlele. Leyo phrotheni ye-amyloid engikhulume ngayo inamathelana ngaphakathi kwamaseli obuchopho bese ihlangana ibe ama-plaque . Iphrotheni ye-tau ihlangana ibe ama-tangles . La ma-plaque nama-tangles avimbela ama-neurons ekusebenzeni kahle. Aphazamisa izimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali ezihamba ngazo.

Uma amaprotheni e-amyloid kanye ne-tau eqoqana ebuchosheni, kancane kancane abulala ama-neurons. Yilokhu okubangela umonakalo ohlala njalo kanye nezimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa kuqala engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho, bese kusakazeka kancane kancane kwezinye izingxenye. I-Alzheimer's ivame ukuqala engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula inkumbulo yethu - i-hippocampus .

Ochwepheshe basacwaninga ngesifo i-Alzheimer's ukuze bathole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu kufakwa kwamaprotheni. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kufakwa kwamaprotheni kuqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukubonakala. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwaqala eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Ingabe isifo sika-Alzheimer sizuzwe njengefa?

Yebo, isifo i-Alzheimer singaba yizakhi zofuzo.

Uma omunye wabazali bakho noma izingane zakini enalesi sifo, ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Alzheimer's ingu-10% kuya ku-30%. Uma izingane zakini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zinalesi sifo, ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Alzheimer's iphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunomuntu ojwayelekile.

Abantu abane -gene ye-APOE e4 basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Alzheimer's. Futhi, abantu abanaleso gene banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-Alzheimer's besebancane (ebusheni bokuqala). Kodwa akubona bonke abane-gene ye-APOE e4 abazoba ne-Alzheimer's. Yisici esisodwa kuphela esanda ingozi.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa isifo i-Alzheimer's?

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bethola i-Alzheimer's kanti abanye bengenayo, kodwa lezi zinto zingase zibe yizinto eziyingozi:

• Ukuba ngowozalo lwabantu abamnyama noma abangamaLatino
• Izici zemvelo (okuthile mayelana nokuthi uhlala kuphi, usebenza kuphi, noma uhlala kuphi)
• Izinguquko zofuzo
• Ukulimala ekhanda okukhulu (Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu)
• Ukubhema
• Iminyaka yakho (isifo sika-Alzheimer sivame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65)
• Isimo sakho sempilo iyonke

Ezinye izimo zempilo zingandisa nengozi ye-Alzheimer's. Isibonelo:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sikashukela
• I-Down syndrome ebangelwa yi-Trisomy 21
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo i-Alzheimer's?

Inkinga enkulu yesifo i-Alzheimer's umonakalo esiwubangela ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungabangela izinguquko ezihlala njalo ekucabangeni kwakho, ikhono lakho lokusebenzisa umzimba wakho, kanye nobuntu bakho. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase ube nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zingaba yingozi empilweni.

Izinkinga ezinjalo zingaba khona:

• Ukuwohloka kwempilo yomzimba iyonke
• Izifo (isibonelo, i-pneumonia noma izifo zesikhumba)
• Ukuquleka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubunzima bokugwinya

Ungase ulahlekelwe ukulawula umzimba wakho, okungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthi:

• Izilonda zebhedi
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukungondleki kahle
• Ukuwa, ukwaphuka kwamathambo nezinye izingozi
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo kanye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba kwamathumbu
• Ukubola kwamazinyo, imigodi, nezinye izinkinga zamazinyo

Isifo sika-Alzheimer sitholakala kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuxilonga isifo i-Alzheimer's. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhuluma ngempilo yakho yamanje kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe nomndeni wakho. Bazokubuza imibuzo futhi bafunde ngempilo yakho kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Uma wazi ukuthi unezici eziyingozi zesifo i-Alzheimer's, tshela udokotela wakho ngakho.

Udokotela wakho uzobuza umndeni wakho ukuthi ngabe baqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko okungenzeka ukuthi awuzibonanga. Bangase babuze ngalokhu:

• Ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yakho evamile
• Izinguquko esimweni sakho sengqondo, ekuziphatheni, nasebuntwini bakho
• Imithi yamanje
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Isimo sempilo sisonke

Udokotela uzophinde akuhlole umzimba wonke kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Bazophinde bakhiphe ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izinkinga zokukhumbula nezinye izimpawu.

Udokotela uzosebenzisa nezivivinyo eziningana, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-Brain MRI (i-Brain MRI)
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo
• Ukuskena kwe-CT
• Ukuskena kwe-PET
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nempilo yengqondo
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abheke izimpawu zamaprotheni e-amyloid futhi abone ukuthi alimaze ubuchopho bakho.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisana nawe nomndeni wakho ukudala uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena. Bazokusiza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo enengqondo yempilo yakho yesikhashana kanye nesimo sakho sesikhathi eside.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's?

Udokotela wakho angase asikisele izindlela zokwelapha ezinciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo. Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's, kodwa izindlela zokwelapha zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi zinciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela impilo yobuchopho bakho kukho konke ukuphila kwakho. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okungamisa noma kubuyisele emuva isifo i-Alzheimer's.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-Alzheimer's. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza inhlanganisela yalezi ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zakho. Ungadinga:

Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase

Le mithi ivimba i-enzyme esheshisa umonakalo ebuchosheni obangelwa yisifo i-Alzheimer's. Ingathuthukisa ezinye izinkinga zenkumbulo futhi inciphise ingozi yokushintsha kokuziphatha. Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nale:

• I-Donepezil
• I-Galantamine
• I-Rivastigmine

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Ososayensi bahlala becwaninga ngesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kukhona yini ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okungakusiza. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuhlolwa noma izifundo zocwaningo ezibandakanya abantu abazithandela ukuhlanganyela esifweni noma esimweni esithile. Lezi zivivinyo zingakunikeza ithuba lokuzama ukwelashwa okusha okungakatholakali kabanzi.

Uma utholakale une-HIV kusenesikhathi, ungase ube namathuba amaningi okuhlanganyela ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo.

I-Lecanemab noma i-Donanemab

I-Lecanemab kanye ne-Donanemab imithi efakwa emthanjeni (IV). Ziyizinhlobo ezimbili zemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-monoclonal antibodies . Le mithi ingasiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi ahlasele futhi abhubhise amaprotheni e-amyloid. Ingasiza ekususeni amanye ama-amyloid ngaphambi kokuba alimaze ubuchopho, inciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.

I-Lecanemab ihlasela imicu ye-amyloid ngaphambi kokuba ihlangane. I-Donanemab ihlasela amaprotheni e-amyloid asevele ehlangene ukuze akhe ama-plaque.

Njengazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, le mithi ayilaphi ngokuphelele isifo i-Alzheimer's, futhi ayikwazi ukubuyisa umonakalo osuvele ubangelwe yi-amyloid.

Abaphikisi be-NMDA receptor

Uma une-Alzheimer's, umzimba wakho wenza ikhemikhali eningi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-glutamate . Lokhu kulimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho. Ama-NMDA aphikisana nawo asebenza ngokuvimba noma ukugcwalisa ama-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors ebuchosheni abopha i-glutamate. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-Alzheimer's.

I-Memantine iyi-antagonist evame ukusetshenziswa ye-NMDA. Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze eminye imithi kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo kanye nesigaba sesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Imithi yokulawula izimpawu

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma imithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezizosiza ukulawula izimpawu zakho njengoba zivela. Ungadinga:

• Ama-Antidepressant: Le mithi ingalapha izinto ezinjengokukhathazeka, ukungahlaliseki, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, kanye nokucindezeleka.
• Ama-antipsychotics/neuroleptics:Le mithi ingalapha izinto ezifana nokucasuka, ukubona izinto ezingekho, kanye nokucasuka.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka: Le mithi ngezinye izikhathi ingalapha nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo.

Injani impilo?

Isifo sika-Alzheimer asibathinti bonke ngendlela efanayo. Iningi labantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 abane-Alzheimer's bafa kungakapheli iminyaka emine kuya kweyisishiyagalombili betholakale benalesi sifo. Kodwa abanye abantu baphila amashumi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi uma betholakala bengakafiki eminyakeni engu-65.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuphila nesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD). Bangakusiza ukuthi uzibekele imigomo enengqondo kanye nokulindela. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthi unqume ukuthi nini ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice kungaba yindlela enhle kuwe nomndeni wakho.

Uma udinga ukwesekwa, khuluma nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nemindeni yabo bazizwe becindezelekile futhi bekhathazekile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuxilongwa. Le mizwa ingokoqobo futhi iyasebenza. Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo angakusiza uqonde imicabango nemizwa yakho futhi akusize ubhekane nayo.

Ingabe isifo sika-Alzheimer singavinjelwa?

Ezinye izici eziyingozi ze-Alzheimer's, njengobudala bakho kanye nezakhi zofuzo, awukwazi ukuzishintsha noma ukuzilawula. Kodwa ungalawula ezinye izici futhi unciphise ingozi yakho. Ukugcina impilo enhle iyonke kungasiza ekuvikeleni ubuchopho bakho ekuwohlokeni kwengqondo. Ungazama lezi zinto:

• Landela ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuhlukahlukene kungasiza ekugcineni ubuchopho bakho kanye nempilo yakho yonke isesimweni esihle. Udokotela wakho angase ancome uhlelo oluthile lokudla, njengokudla kwaseMedithera noma ukudla kwaseDASH .
• Thola umsebenzi womzimba owanele: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nomsebenzi womzimba kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi nomoya-mpilo ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungathuthukisa impilo yamangqamuzana akho obuchopho. Akudingeki ube ngumdlali omkhulu ukuze uhlale usebenza. Ukuhamba, ukulima ingadi, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa owenza umzimba wakho unyakaze konke kuyizindlela ezinhle zokuhlala usebenza.
• Hlala ukhuthele engqondweni: Dlala imidlalo yebhodi, funda izincwadi, wenze amaphazili e-crossword, dlala insimbi yomculo, noma uhlanganyele kwezinye izinto zokuzilibazisa eziphonsela ubuchopho bakho inselelo yokufunda izinto ezintsha nokuzisebenzisa.
• Hlala uxhumene nabantu: Khuluma nabantu obathandayo noma abantu emphakathini wakho njalo. Ukujoyina imisebenzi yeqembu njengezinsizakalo zenkolo, amakilasi okuzivocavoca, amaqembu ezincwadi, noma umsebenzi wokuzithandela womphakathi kungasiza ukugcina ubuchopho bakho busebenza.

Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-Alzheimer's futhi ukhathazekile ngayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Bangahlola izakhi zofuzo noma izinguquko zofuzo ezingandisa ingozi yakho ye-Alzheimer's.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma wena noma umuntu omthandayo enezinkinga zokukhumbula noma zokucabanga, bonana nodokotela. Banganquma ukuthi izinkinga zibangelwa yi-Alzheimer's noma esinye isimo.

Uma usutholakale unesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD), kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe njalo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yesifo futhi alungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Ungabuza nodokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko okufanele mina nomndeni wami siziqaphele?
• Ingabe ikhona indlela yokubikezela ukuthi isifo i-Alzheimer sizothuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Ingabe ngiyafaneleka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha?

Isifo i-Alzheimer's (AD) siyisimo esesabekayo ngempela. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuzwakale sengathi isikhathi siyama, noma kungase kuzwakale sengathi sidlula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ayikho indlela engalungile yokuphila nesimo esifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu

Isifo i-Alzheimer's siyisimo esibucayi. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo i-Alzheimer's noma unakekela umuntu one-Alzheimer's, odokotela bakho bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza. Bangakusiza ukuthi wenze izincomo zokwelapha kanye nezivivinyo zemitholampilo, baphendule imibuzo yakho, bakuxhumanise nezinsiza, futhi bakusize uqonde ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. Futhi, ukwesekwa komndeni nabangane kubaluleke kakhulu kulolu hambo. Ungakhohlwa ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo.

I-Alzheimer 's, i-Alzheimer's, i-Dementia, Ukulahlekelwa Inkumbulo, Impilo Yobuchopho, Ukuguga, Isifo Sezinzwa