Wake waphawula ukuthi othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe ugogo wakho othandekayo, umkhulu wakho, noma omunye wabazali bakho, ukhohlwa konke kancane kancane? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukwenza izinto owawuzenza kahle kakhulu, njengokulima ingadi, ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, noma ukuthola indlela yakho? Lesi yisithombe abaningi bethu abasicabangayo lapho sizwa igama elithi Isifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi sifo? Asithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngaso.
Iyini ngempela isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngalezi zinhlobo, ake siqonde kalula ukuthi kwenzekani ebuchosheni esifweni i-Alzheimer's. Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buyinethiwekhi emangalisayo yezigidigidi zama-neuron, noma amaseli ezinzwa, asebenza ndawonye. Konke esikucabangayo, esikukhumbulayo, nesikufundayo kwenziwa ngokuxhumana phakathi kwala maseli.
Esifweni i-Alzheimer's, uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi ama-amyloid beta peptides luqala ukwakheka ebuchosheni ngendlela engafuneki. Lokhu kwakheka ukuze kwakheke ama-plaque nama -tangles . Kalula nje, kufana nokuvaleka ohlelweni lokuxhumana lobuchopho. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawo maseli ayafa. Lokhu kuphumela ezimpawini ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka, kanye nobunzima bokwenza izinqumo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi nakuba lezi zimpawu zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubo bonke abagulayo abane-Alzheimer's, ukuqala kanye nesivinini salesi sifo kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo esikhuluma ngaso.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo i-Alzheimer's
Ososayensi bahlukanisa isifo i-Alzheimer ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngokusekelwe eminyakeni lapho lesi sifo sitholakala khona. Ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
| Isici | Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni | Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala sekwephuzile |
|---|---|---|
| Ubudala bokuqala | Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala (ikakhulukazi abaseminyakeni yabo engama-40 kuya kwengama-50) | Abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu |
| Inala | Okungavamile (cishe u-5% wabo bonke iziguli) | Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu |
| Ubuhlobo bezakhi zofuzo | Ngokuvamile kuba nokuxhumana okuqinile kwezakhi zofuzo (iziphambeko kuma-chromosome 1, 14, kanye no-21) | Ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo akucaci. Kungenzeka noma kungabi khona emindenini. |
| Izinguquko zobuchopho | Kubonakala ama-plaque amaningi kanye nokuxinana ebuchosheni kanye nokulahlekelwa umthamo wobuchopho. | Nakuba kwenzeka izinguquko zobuchopho, zingase zibe sezingeni eliphansi uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. |
| Ezinye izimpawu | Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha nokugxumagxuma (i-myoclonus) kuvamile. | Lesi sici sivame ukungabi khona. |
| Izingozi ezikhethekile | Abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu. | Ukuguga kuyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi. |
Okunye okwengeziwe ngesifo se-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni
Cabanga nje, kuthiwani uma umuntu ohamba phambili emsebenzini wakhe, ekhulisa izingane zakhe, futhi echitha isikhathi esiningi empilweni yakhe, eqala ukuba nezinkinga zokukhumbula eneminyaka engaba ngu-45? Lena yingxenye edabukisayo kakhulu yesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni. Nakuba kungavamile, kuyashaqisa kakhulu kumuntu nomndeni wakhe abatholakale benalesi sifo.
Umonakalo ebuchosheni kulaba ziguli ungashesha futhi ube mkhulu. Futhi, lesi simo sivame ukuthonywa izici ezinamandla zofuzo - okungukuthi, ukukhubazeka okuthile ezizakhini zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa kubazali ezinganeni.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ngasekupheleni - uhlobo esilwaziyo sonke
Lolu uhlobo esivame ukulubona nokukhuluma ngalo uma sikhuluma ngesifo i-Alzheimer's. Sibone ogogo nomkhulu bethu belahlekelwa inkumbulo yabo kancane kancane njengoba bekhula. Yilokhu kuphela. Imbangela yofuzo yalolu hlobo ayikatholakali okwamanje. Okusho ukuthi, akunakushiwo ukuthi uzosithola nakanjani uma umama noma ubaba wakho enalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho enaso, abanye nabo basengozini ethile. Kodwa kukholelwa ukuthi izici eziningi, njengezakhi zofuzo, indlela yokuphila, kanye nezici zemvelo, zithinta lokhu.
Iyini i-Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD)?
Lolu olunye uhlobo olukhethekile, kodwa olungavamile kakhulu lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. I-FAD (Isifo i-Familial Alzheimer's Disease) uhlobo lwesifo i-Alzheimer's oluqinisekisiwe ukuthi lubangelwa izakhi zofuzo ezithile .
Kalula nje, kudinga okungenani izizukulwane ezimbili (isib., umkhulu nobaba) ukuba nalesi sifo. Lokhu kuthinta ngaphansi kwe-1% yazo zonke iziguli ezine-Alzheimer's. Okubalulekile ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-Alzheimer's abaqala ekuqaleni bane-FAD. Okusho ukuthi, idluliselwa ngezakhi zofuzo zabo.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma nginokungabaza ngothile emndenini wami?
Uma unokungabaza noma ukwesaba ngenkumbulo yothile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi omncane, ungakushayi indiva.
- Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngokushesha ukubonana nodokotela onolwazi. Kungcono kakhulu uma ungabonana nodokotela wezinzwa.
- Udokotela ubuza ngezimpawu kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni.
- Kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kubonakale ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izimbangela zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo (njengokuntuleka kwamavithamini, izinkinga ze-thyroid, noma ukucindezeleka).
- Uma kudingeka, bazokuthumela izinto ezifana nokuskena kobuchopho (CT/MRI).
Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kusiza isiguli nomndeni ukuhlela kusenesikhathi futhi bathole ukwesekwa nokwelashwa okudingekayo. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's asisona isifo esisodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuqala kwasekuqaleni, okuthinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65, kanye nokuqala kwasekupheleni, okuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.
- Uhlobo lokuqala kwalesi sifo aluvamile, kodwa izimpawu zalo kanye nomonakalo wobuchopho kukhulu kakhulu. Luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Uhlobo lokuqala kwesifo esivame ukulubona luhlotshaniswa nokuguga. Akukho mbangela ethile yezakhi zofuzo etholakele.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi esemncane, obonisa izimpawu zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ungakushayi indiva lokho futhi ukhulume nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukuqwashisa ngalesi sifo kanye nokutholakala kwaso kusenesikhathi kuyizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusiza isiguli siphile impilo esezingeni eliphezulu.
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