Ingabe imithambo yakho yenhliziyo ivaliwe? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-Angioplasty

"Ukuvimba kwenhliziyo", "umthambo ovalekile", "udinga i-angioplasty"... Kuvamile ukuthi noma ubani azizwe esaba kancane lapho ezwa amagama anjengalawa. Mhlawumbe wena noma othile emndenini wakho utshelwe ngalokhu kwelashwa ngudokotela. Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe unemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho, njengokuthi kuyini lokhu, ingabe ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kuzolimaza, nokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngemva kwalokho? Ungesabi. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi i-angioplasty iyini, kalula nangendlela ongayiqonda.

Kalula nje, kuyini i-angioplasty?

I-Angioplasty ayifani nokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile. Kuyinqubo engangenisi kakhulu eyenziwa ngokusika okuncane. Ukuze kube sobala, isetshenziselwa ukususa ukuvaleka nokuvumela ukugeleza kwegazi ukuthi kuphinde kugeleze ngokukhululeka uma imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, ikakhulukazi imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni, ivinjiwe noma incishiswa yi-cholesterol kanye namafutha (isimo sezokwelapha esaziwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis) .

Cabanga ukuthi kukhona ukuvaleka kwepayipi lamanzi endlini yakho. Kufana nokuyihlanza bese uphinda ugeleze amanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, odokotela basebenzisa ithuluzi elincane elifana nebhaluni. Ngebhaluni, bacindezela ungqimba lwamafutha oluvinjiwe (i-plaque) odongeni lomthambo, okwenza isikhala ngaphakathi komthambo.

Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okukhulu njengokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, izingozi kanye nesikhathi sokululama ziphansi kakhulu. Impilo yenhliziyo yethu ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomzimba wethu wonke. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwelashwa kwe-angioplasty kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe izimo ezingathi sína njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi esingase senzeke ngenxa yokuvaleka okunjalo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo namasu e-angioplasty?

Odokotela basebenzisa amagama ahlukene kulokhu kuye ngokuthi umthambo wegazi welashwa kanjani. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

• I-Coronary Artery Angioplasty: Lokhu kuyi-angioplasty eyenziwa emithanjeni yegazi eyinhloko (imithambo ye-coronary) enikeza igazi enhliziyweni. Elinye igama lalokhu yi -Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) . Lolu uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwethu.
• I-Peripheral Artery Angioplasty: Lokhu kubhekisela ekwelapheni imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, njengezingalo nemilenze.

Kunezindlela eziningana ezahlukene ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza lokhu kwelashwa. Ake sizihlolisise.

Kunini lapho kudingeka khona i-angioplasty?

Kunezimo eziningana lapho udokotela wakho angase asikisele khona lokhu kwelashwa.

• Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo: Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa njengokwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kuyasiza ekunciphiseni umonakalo enhliziyweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungangeniswa e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ngokushesha ukuze uthole lokhu kwelashwa.
• Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo (CAD): Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba (i-angina) obubangelwa ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• Isifo Semithambo Yezinzwa Ehambayo (i-PAD): Isimo lapho imithambo yegazi eyinhloko ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasesinqeni iba mincane, okubangela ubuhlungu emilenzeni lapho uhamba futhi kuphole kancane amanxeba. I-Angioplasty nayo isetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo.
• Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, okungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid entanyeni ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni.
• Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukusebenza kwezinso kungaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa izinso. Lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza nasezimweni ezinjalo.

Ukulungiselela kanjani lokhu?

Ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho kanye nabasebenzi basesibhedlela bazokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi ungakulungiselela kanjani lokhu. Ngokuvamile uzothola izeluleko ezifana nalezi:

• Uzocelwa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze lutho cishe amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokwelashwa (kulungile ukuphuza amanzi amancane).
• Uma uthatha imithi ethile, njengemithi yokuvimbela ukugabha kwegazi, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ushintshe umthamo. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo.
• Bazokubuza ukuthi ngabe uke waba nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba nanoma yini esikhathini esidlule (ikakhulukazi kudayi wokungafani osetshenziswe ezivivinyweni) noma ngabe uke waba nezinkinga nge-anesthesia.
• Uma ukhulelwe, kufanele ubazise nakanjani.
• Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ngeke uvunyelwe ukushayela uye ekhaya ngosuku lokwelashwa kwakho. Ngakho-ke, hlela ukuthi othile akushayele ekhaya kusenesikhathi. Kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela usuku lonke.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-angioplasty? Ake sifunde isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Igumbi lapho lokhu kwenziwa khona (i-Cath Lab) alifani nendawo yokuhlinza evamile, kodwa liyindawo enemishini eminingi ye-X-ray kanye nama-monitor. Ake sibheke kancane kancane ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

1. Ukulungiselela: Uzonikezwa ingubo ekhethekile yesibhedlela bese utshelwa ukuthi ulale embhedeni. Uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa nge-IV (njenge -saline ) ukukusiza uphumule futhi uzizwe ulele kancane. Kodwa ngeke ulale ngokuphelele, futhi uzobe uphapheme ngokwanele ukulalela lokho okushiwo udokotela. Uzoxhunywa kuma-monitor azolinganisa izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo.

2. Ukufinyelela: Okulandelayo, udokotela uzokhetha indawo yokufinyelela umthambo omkhulu wegazi, kungaba ngesihlakala sakho noma imbobo. Kuzofakwa umjovo omncane (i-anesthesia yendawo) ukuze kuncishiswe indawo. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu, kodwa ungase uzwe umuzwa omncane wokucasuka.

3. Ukufakwa kwe-catheter: Manje, kufakwa inaliti encane endaweni engenalutho, bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane eligobile nelithambile (umgoqo) emthanjeni wegazi ngalo. Bese kuthi ngisho nezintambo ezincane namapayipi abizwa ngokuthi ama-catheter adlule kuleli payipi aze afike emthanjeni ovalekile enhliziyweni.

4.Isiqondiso se-X-ray: Umshini omkhulu we-X-ray (obizwa ngokuthi i-fluoroscopy ) uyajikeleza nxazonke zakho, usize udokotela abone indlela ye-catheter esikrinini. Kufana nokubuka i-GPS.

5. Ukuthola indawo evalekile: Uma i-catheter isikhona, kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile (udayi wokungafani) emthanjeni ngalo. Lolu ketshezi lwenza imithambo yegazi ibonakale ngokucacile ku-X-ray. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungase uzizwe ufudumele kancane emzimbeni wakho, noma ungase uzizwe sengathi udinga ukuchama. Lokhu kuzophela ngemizuzwana embalwa. Kukulezi zithombe lapho udokotela azothola khona indawo eqondile lapho kuvinjiwe khona emthanjeni.

6. Ukuvula umthambo: Manje, i-catheter enebhaluni elincane idlula endaweni evinjiwe. Uma isifikile endaweni efanele, ibhaluni liyafuthwa imizuzwana embalwa. Ungqimba lwamafutha oluvinjiwe lube selucindezela odongeni lomthambo, ludale indlela yokugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kungadinga ukwenziwa izikhathi eziningana.

7. Ukubekwa kwe-stent: Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umthambo uvulekile, udokotela uvame ukufaka i-stent endaweni evulekile. Lena yipayipi elincane eline-mesh. Lisiza ukugcina umthambo ovulekile uvulekile unomphela, liwuvimbele ukuthi ungaphinde unciphe.

Uma konke lokhu sekuqediwe, udokotela uzosusa i-catheter, abeke i-plaster phezu kwendawo lapho inaliti ifakwe khona, bese eyibamba isikhashana ukuze amise ukuphuma kwegazi. Uma lokhu kwenziwe nge-groin, kuzodingeka ulale embhedeni amahora ambalwa. Yonke inqubo ivame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya emahoreni ama-2.

Ziyini izingozi zalokhu?

Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile uma le nqubo yenziwa njalo, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela onolwazi, futhi esibhedlela esihle.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngemva kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela amahora ambalwa noma ubusuku bonke. Ngemva kokuya ekhaya, ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane. Phumula ngokwanele futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ugweme umsebenzi onzima ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuqala. Indawo lapho inaliti ifakwe khona ingase ibe nemihuzuko futhi ithambe cishe isonto lonke.

Ngokuvamile uzokwazi ukushayela futhi bese uqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile cishe ngesonto. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahluka kuye ngesimo sakho, ngakho-ke xhumana nodokotela wakho njalo futhi ulandele imiyalelo yakhe.

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kufanele ushayele udokotela isikhathi esingakanani?

Uzohlelwa ukuthi uye emtholampilo wokulandelela, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi uya kuwo. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

• Uma indawo yokubhoboza igazi noma kubonakala sengathi inegciwane (ivuvukile, ibomvu, ikhipha ubomvu).
• Uma umbala waleyo ngalo noma umlenze ushintsha.
• Uma uzwa ukufudumala noma ubuhlungu obukhulu kuleyo ndawo.
• Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula .

Ingabe lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo? Ingabe kuyabuhlungu?

I-Angioplasty iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu, kodwa impumelelo yayo incike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa nobunzima bokuvimbeka kwemithambo yegazi yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nobudala bakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi imiphumela izoba yini ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ngokuphathelene nobuhlungu, ngeke uzizwe ubuhlungu obukhulu phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa. Ungase uzwe ukungakhululeki okuncane:

• I-IV ibuhlungu uma ifakwa.
• Ubuhlungu obuncane obuzwayo lapho umuthi wokubulala izinzwa ujovwa.
• Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile noma ungakhululeki esifubeni sakho njengoba ibhaluni elingaphakathi kwemithambo yakho ligcwala.

Ngeke uzizwe ngisho ne-catheter idlula emthanjeni wakho. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma utshelwa ukuthi udinga ukwenza i-angioplasty. Kodwa inqubo evamile kakhulu, ephephile, futhi ephumelelayo eyenziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho nganoma yini ongayiqondi noma ongaqiniseki ngayo. Ukhona ukuzokusiza.