Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele njalo kulezi zinsuku, ungakwazi ukwenza lutho? Ingabe uzizwa ubuthakathaka ngisho nangemva kokwenza imisebenzi emincane? Mhlawumbe uvele uphenduke ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese ubona imivimbo emzimbeni wakho? Noma ingabe uhlushwa ukugula okufana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ohlala ubuya? Nakuba sicabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingaba uphawu lwesimo esibi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngezifo ezingavamile kangaka, kodwa sonke sidinga ukuzazi.
Kuyini ngempela i-aplastic anemia?
Kalula nje, i-aplastic anemia iyisifo segazi esibi kakhulu, kodwa esingajwayelekile, esenzeka lapho umongo wethu wethambo ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi amasha anele.
Cabanga ngomnkantsha wethu njengefektri yegazi. Le fektri yenza izinto ezintathu ezidingwa yimizimba yethu:
1. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi: Amangqamuzana athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
2. Amaseli amhlophe egazi: Amaseli alwa namagciwane futhi asivikele ezifweni.
3. Ama-Platelet: Amaseli amisa ukopha uma kukhona inxeba.
Kumuntu one-anemia engasebenzi kahle, le fektri yokwenza igazi, umnkantsha wamathambo, ngokuzumayo iyeka ukusebenza. Ukukhiqizwa cishe kuyeka ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi umzimba ozidingayo ziyalahleka. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga eziningi, njengokutheleleka okukhulu, izinkinga zokopha, nesifo senhliziyo. Nakuba kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele ukufakelwa iseli le-stem.
Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?
Lesi akusona isifo esivame kakhulu. Ngisho nasemazweni athuthukile, lesi sifo sithinta abantu abangaba babili kuphela kwabayisigidi. Lokho kusho ukuthi asivamile kakhulu. Nakuba lesi simo singavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame kakhulu entsheni eneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 nengu-25 kanye nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 .
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimpawu zikhula kancane kancane, emavikini noma ezinyangeni. Ngakho-ke ungase ungawuboni umehluko omkhulu ngokushesha. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, izimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo ngendlela engathí sina. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zimpawu nokuthi kungani zenzeka.
| Isibonakaliso | Kungani lokho kwenzeka? (Kalula nje) |
|---|---|
| Ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuquleka ngisho nalapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya). | Ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo odingwa ngumzimba. |
| Ukutheleleka njalo ngegciwane (umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane) futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama. | Ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi alwa namagciwane. |
| Ukopha kalula ngisho nasenxebeni elincane, kumane kuphenduke okwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni ezithile, kuphume igazi ekhaleni noma ezinsinini. | Ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lama -platelet avimba ukujiya kwegazi. |
| Isikhumba esimpunga, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo. | Umoya-mpilo awufiki ngokwanele ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni, okubangelwa ukwehla kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi . |
| Imfiva. | Njengophawu lokutheleleka, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba. |
Khumbula, ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi unalesi sifo ngoba nje unesifo somkhuhlane futhi uzizwa ukhathele kancane. Kodwa uma unesifo esingapholi amasonto amaningi futhi uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
Kungani kwenzeka into efana nale?
Akunakwenzeka njalo ukuthola imbangela eqondile. Kodwa ngokuvamile, kwenzeka into engavamile kakhulu. Kalula nje, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu (amasosha omzimba) luyacasuka futhi luhlasele umnkantsha walo. Kufana nebutho lethu elihlasela izitho zethu ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuhlasela kubhubhisa amaseli okuqala emnkantsha, amaseli enza amaseli egazi amasha.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani amasosha omzimba engaba sengozini ngale ndlela.
Ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo:Ezifweni ezifana ne-lupus, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela imizimba yethu.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane, isibonelo igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-Parvovirus B19, kanye negciwane le-HIV, zingabangela lesi simo.
- I-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ewohloka ngokushesha.
- Ukukhulelwa: Akuvamile kakhulu, lesi simo singavela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Izimbangela ezizuzwe njengefa
Lezi azivamile kakhulu. Ezinye izifo zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa zingabangela ukuthi umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo:
- I-Fanconi anemia
- I-Dyskeratosis congenita
- Isifo se-Shwachman-Diamond
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha namakhemikhali
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kungalimaza umongo wethambo.
- Eminye imithi: Eminye imithi enikezwa izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza njenge-arsenic ne-benzene nakho kuyingozi.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona (izinkinga) zalokhu?
Uma amangqamuzana egazi elahleka, izinqubo eziningi emzimbeni ziyaphazamiseka, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
- I-Anemia Enkulu: Ingabangela ukukhathala okukhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Ukutheleleka okukhulu: Ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ngisho negciwane elivamile lingasongela ukuphila.
- Ukopha okungalawuleki: Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-platelet, ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukopha ngokweqile. Ukopha ngaphakathi ebuchosheni kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Isifo senhliziyo: I-anemia ingabangela inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kanzima, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesigqi senhliziyo (arrhythmia) noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- I-Myelodysplastic syndrome: Lesi futhi yisifo somnkantsha wamathambo, futhi kunengozi yokuba umdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala alalele ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Uma esola lesi sifo, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuthile.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Inani legazi eliphelele (i-CBC) | Ungahlola ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nama-platelet liphansi kangakanani. |
| I-smear yegazi engaphandle | Ukuma kanye nohlobo lwamaseli akho egazi kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. |
| Inani lama-reticulocyte | Inani lamaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa akhiqizwa umnkantsha liyalinganiswa. Uma leli nani liphansi, liqinisekisa ukuthi umnkantsha awusebenzi. |
| Ukufuthwa komnkantsha kanye ne-biopsy | Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ngemva kokunikezwa i-anesthetic elula, kuthathwa isampula encane yomnkantsha ethanjeni lenqulu bese ihlolwa. Uma amangqamuzana omnkantsha ephansi kakhulu, ukuxilongwa kuyaqinisekiswa. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Indlela yokwelapha incike ezintweni ezifana neminyaka yakho, ubucayi besifo, kanye nembangela yaso.
Ngezinye izikhathi, uma lesi simo sibangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukushintsha ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa lesi simo. Uma unezibalo ezincane zamaseli egazi futhi ungenazo izimpawu ezinkulu (i-anemia elinganiselayo ye-aplastic), udokotela wakho angase anqume ukungelapha bese emane eqapha isimo sakho.
Kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka.
- Ama-immunosuppressants: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, le mithi inikezwa ukuvimba amasosha omzimba ethu ekuhlaseleni umongo wethu wamathambo. I-Antithymocyte globulin (Atgam®) kanye ne-Cyclosporine (Sandimmune®) yizo izidakamizwa ezinjalo.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Lokhu akusiqedi lesi sifo, kodwa kungalawula okwesikhashana izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala nokopha okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nama-platelet.
- Ama-antibiotic: Inani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazini landisa ingozi yokuthola izifo. Ngakho-ke, le mithi inikezwa ukwelapha izifo ezenzekayo.
- Ukufakelwa kwe-Allogeneic stem cell:Lena yindlela kuphela yokwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Okwenziwa lapha ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele umongo wamathambo owonakele bese ufaka amaseli okuqala athathwe kumuntu ophilile (umnikeli ohambisanayo) emzimbeni. Lawa maseli amasha ayahamba ayohlala emmongo wamathambo bese eqala ukwenza amaseli egazi amasha anempilo. Lokhu kwelashwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kuphumelele kubantu abasebasha.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
Yebo, imiphumela emibi ingahluka kuye ngendlela yokwelashwa.
- Isifo se-graft-versus-host: Inkinga engenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakelwa i-stem cell. Kulesi simo, amaseli asanda kutshalwa ahlasela umzimba wesiguli.
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka: Imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba inciphisa kakhulu ikhono lokulwa namagciwane.
- Ukugcwala kwensimbi: Ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo kungabangela amazinga ensimbi emzimbeni ukuba akhuphuke ngokungadingekile.
Kungenzeka yini ukuphila nalesi sifo?
Izinga lokusinda lincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho kanye nokwelashwa okutholayo. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ngemva kokwelashwa kokufakelwa amaseli e-stem, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu licishe libe yi-100% ezinganeni nakubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40.
Khumbula, lezi zibalo ziyisilinganiso nje seqembu elikhulu labantu. Isimo sakho singase sihluke kakhulu kunalesi. Ngakho ungesabi ngalezi zinombolo. Udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza ulwazi olungcono kakhulu.
Ingabe lo mdlavuza?
Cha. I-Aplastic anemia ayiwona umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanalesi simo bangase babe nengozi eyengeziwe yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia esikhathini esizayo.
Uma unalesi simo, uzinakekela kanjani?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kahle futhi unake izimpawu zakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ngalezi zinto.
- Gwema imisebenzi engabangela ukuthi uwe kanzima futhi ulimele. Kungcono ukugwema imidlalo efana nebhola, i-hockey, kanye ne-wrestling, njengoba ungopha kalula.
- Zivikele emagciwaneni. Unamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi. Gwema abantu abanomkhuhlane noma izinhlungu zesisu. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imijovo efanele wena.
- Phumula ngokwanele. I-anemia ingakwenza uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu. Ingenza kube nzima nokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke lala ngokwanele. Phumula ngokushesha nje lapho uzizwa ukhathele, ungakuhlehlisi.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco. Ukudla okunomsoco kungandisa amandla akho. Kungcono ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezokudla ngalokhu.
- Yenza ukuzivocavoca okulula. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo entsha yokuzivocavoca.
Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokubona udokotela?
Kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo. Ikakhulukazi,
- Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kuka-38°C (102°F).
- Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu.
- Uma uzwa ukopha okungalawuleki, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Lesi simo, nakuba singavamile, sibi kakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukukhathazeka nokudabuka. Kodwa khumbula, noma ngabe imbangela ayitholakali, ingelashwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi yelapheke ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe kanye nemiphumela yako emibi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Aplastic anemia yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibi lapho umongo wethambo uyeka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi.
- Ukukhathala isikhathi eside, izifo ezivame ukutheleleka, kanye nokulunywa noma ukuphuma kwegazi okulula yizimpawu eziyinhloko okufanele uziqaphele.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezinjengalezi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile kanye ne-bone marrow biopsy kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lesi sifo sikhona ngempela.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha lokhu, futhi ukufakelwa i-stem cell kunamandla okwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele.
- Uma uphila nalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu ukuzivikela ezifweni nasekulimaleni.
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