"Angazi ukuthi nginesifo sikashukela..." Wake waba nalolu valo noma umbuzo? Kuvamile ukuzizwa ngale ndlela uma uzizwa izinto ezifana nokuchama njalo, ukoma ngokweqile, nokunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kodwa ungesabi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukucabanga ngesifo engqondweni yakho ngoba nje othile esho okuthile, ake sixoxe ngendlela yokuqinisekisa isimo sesifo sikashukela ngokwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ukuqonda okucacile.
Yiziphi izivivinyo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela?
Kalula nje, isifo sikashukela yisimo lapho izinga likashukela (i-glucose) egazini lethu liphezulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi unalokhu noma cha. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase anganeliseki ngokuhlolwa okukodwa nje futhi angase afune ukwenza okunye ukuhlolwa ukuze aqinisekise. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zivivinyo.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu. Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kudinga ukuthi uzile ukudla okungenani amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula yegazi. Kulungile ukuphuza amanzi amancane. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa kanye nasekuseni ngakusasa. Imiphumela kulula kakhulu ukuyichaza.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT)
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuzwela kakhulu kune-FPG, okusho ukuthi kungabona ngisho nesifo sikashukela esingakafiki. Kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukwenza.
Yilokhu okwenzekayo:
- Okokuqala, uzila ukudla okungenani amahora angu-8 bese uthatha isampula yegazi (njengoba kunjalo nge-FPG).
- Ngemuva kwalokho, uzonikezwa uketshezi olukhethekile olunamagremu angu-75 e-glucose encibilikisiwe emanzini ukuze uphuze.
- Ngemva kwamahora amabili nje kuphela kokuyiphuza, kuthathwa elinye isampula yegazi.
Isinqumo senziwa ngokubheka amazinga kashukela kula masampula amabili egazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa okufanayo kwe-OGTT kusetshenziselwa nokuxilonga isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, kuhilela ukuthatha igazi izikhathi eziningana emahoreni amaningana.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Glucose ye-Plasma okungahleliwe
Lokhu kuhlolwa akunandaba ukuthi uzila ukudla noma uyadla. Kuthathwa isampula yegazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kukodwa akuqinisekisi isifo sikashukela. Uma umuntu onezimpawu ezisobala zesifo sikashukela (njengokuchama njalo, ukoma ngokweqile) enezinga likashukela egazini eliphezulu kakhulu kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwe-FPG noma kwe-OGTT ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
4. Ukuhlolwa okumaphakathi kwezinyanga ezi-3 (i-Hemoglobin A1c - HbA1c)
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Akukali ushukela wegazi lakho ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuyisilinganiso sokuthi ushukela wegazi lakho ulawulwe kahle kangakanani ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule.Yilokhu okutholayo. Akudingeki uzile ukudla ngalokhu. Ungakwenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni isifo sikashukela, kanye nokuqapha ukulawulwa komuntu osevele enesifo sikashukela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungathembeli kuphela emiphumeleni yanoma yikuphi kwalokhu kuhlolwa, kodwa ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe.
Ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa?
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi asho ukuthini amanani alezi zivivinyo. Ungazitholela ngokwakho ngokubheka lawa mathebula.
| Ukuhlonza isifo sikashukela kanye ne-prediabetes | |
|---|---|
| Igama lokuhlolwa | Umphumela (mg/dL noma %) |
| Izinga eliphilile (elijwayelekile) | |
| I-HbA1c | Ngaphansi kuka-5.7% |
| I-Glucose ye-Plasma Yokuzila Ukudla (i-FPG) | Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT) - Ngemva kwamahora ama-2 | Ngaphansi kuka-140 mg/dL |
| I-Prediabetes - isici esiyingozi | |
| I-HbA1c | Phakathi kuka-5.7% no-6.4% |
| I-Glucose ye-Plasma Yokuzila Ukudla (i-FPG) | Phakathi kuka-100 mg/dL no-125 mg/dL |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT) - Ngemva kwamahora ama-2 | Phakathi kuka-140 mg/dL no-199 mg/dL |
| Kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela* | |
| I-HbA1c | 6.5% noma ngaphezulu |
| I-Glucose ye-Plasma Yokuzila Ukudla (i-FPG) | 126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose Yomlomo (OGTT) - Ngemva kwamahora ama-2 | 200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu |
| I-Glucose ye-Plasma engahleliwe + Izimpawu | 200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu |
*Qaphela: Ngokuvamile, uma kutholakala inani eliphezulu kolunye uvivinyo, udokotela uzoliqinisekisa ngokwenza olunye uvivinyo ngolunye usuku.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi lokhu kuyisifo sikashukela sohlobo 1?
Iningi labantu linesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Kodwa abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi intsha nezingane, bangaba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1. Izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuxilongwa ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, uma usola ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe ngokukhethekile.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Autoantibody: Kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela amaseli e-pancreas enza i-insulin. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka ama-antibodies (`autoantibodies`) egazini ahlasela lesi sifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-C-peptide: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-insulin ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas yethu. Ku-`Type 1`, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuphansi kakhulu noma kumisa ngokuphelele.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urine Ketones:Uma i-insulin ilahlekile, umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela ukuze uthole amandla. Umzimba ube usushisa amafutha ukuze uthole amandla. Phakathi nale nqubo, kukhiqizwa ama-asidi abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Ketone'. Ukuhlola lawa emchameni kungasiza ekuxilongeni 'uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela'.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela akusona isifo sokwesaba nokucabanga ngaso. Kunezivivinyo zezokwelapha ezicacile ezingakuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile.
- I-'Prediabetes' iyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso. Uma wenza izinguquko endleleni yakho yokuphila (ukudla, ukuzivocavoca) kulesi sigaba, ungavimbela noma ubambezele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela esiphelele.
- Uma unezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, ungazinaki futhi nakanjani vakashela udokotela.
- Ungakhathazeki uma ukuhlolwa okukodwa kubonisa inani eliphakeme kancane. Udokotela wakho uzoyala okunye ukuhlolwa ukuze akuqinisekise.
- Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, akusikho ukuphela kwempilo yakho. Kuyithuba lokucabanga ngempilo yakho ngendlela entsha futhi uyiphathe kahle. Ngokulandela iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha, ungaphila impilo enempilo.
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