Ingabe ingane yakho yenqaba ukudla? Akukhona nje ukungabekezelelani nokudla? Ake sifunde nge-Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)!

Ingabe ingane yakho ayithandi ukudla ukudla okuthile? Noma wena ngokwakho awuthandi ngisho nokubuka ukudla okuthile, futhi awunasithakazelo sokudla? Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi lokhu kumane nje 'ukungabekezelelani nokudla' noma into engathi sína kakhulu. Ukuqonda lesi simo kahle kuzokusiza wena nabathandekayo bakho.

Kuyini i-ARFID? Kalula nje...

I-ARFID, noma i-Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, yisimo lapho umuntu enciphisa noma enqaba khona inani nezinhlobo zokudla akudlayo. Akuyona , njengezinye izinkinga zokudla, isimo lapho umuntu ekhathazeka kakhulu ngesimo somzimba wakhe futhi ezama ukwehlisa isisindo.

I-ARFID ingabangela ukuthi:

• Ngilahlekelwa yisithakazelo sokudla.
• Ukwesaba okuzokwenzeka ngemva kokudla. Isibonelo, ukukhathazeka njalo ngokuminyana noma ukuhlanza.
• Okunye ukudla kuyaliwa ngoba akumnandi ngombala, ukunambitheka, iphunga, noma ukuthungwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akubize ngokuthi “ukuphazamiseka kokudla okukhethayo.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase uthande ukudla izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokudla kuphela. Ungase futhi wakhe imikhuba, amaphethini, noma amasiko ngendlela odla ngayo. Isibonelo, abanye abantu badla ukudla ngokulandelana okuthile, okunye kulandela okunye.

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-ARFID, singathinta impilo yakho iyonke ngokuvimbela umzimba wakho ekutholeni izakhamzimba ozidingayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi uma singelashwa kahle, singasongela impilo .

Ingabe lokhu kumane nje kuyindlela yokudla ekhethayo?

Cha, i-ARFID ayikona nje ukudla okukhethayo. Kunezingane ezincane ezingawuthandi umbala, ukunambitheka, iphunga, noma ukuthungwa kokudla okuthile futhi ezingeke zikudle. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukukhetha ukudla'. Kodwa lokhu kuvame ukukhawulelwa ekudleni okumbalwa kuphela. Akunawo umthelela omkhulu ekufiseni noma ekukhuleni kwengane. Lokhu 'kukhetha ukudla' kuvame ukunyamalala njengoba ingane ikhula.

Kodwa i-ARFID iyisimo esibucayi kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ukuntuleka kokudla okwanele kungathinta kakhulu isifiso sokudla sengane, ukukhula kwayo, kanye nempilo yayo yonke. Lesi simo asithuthuki ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Ivame kangakanani i-ARFID?

Eqinisweni, i-ARFID iyisimo esisha kakhulu esafakwa ku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Uhlelo Lwesihlanu (DSM-5), ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo zengqondo odokotela abazisebenzisela ukuxilonga iziguli. Ngakho-ke, kusenedatha elinganiselwe evela ezifundweni zabantu abaningi mayelana nokusabalala kwayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ARFID? Sizibona kanjani?

I-ARFID ingabangela izinguquko zomzimba nezokuziphatha ezifana nalezi:

Izici ezibonakalayo ngokomzimba:

• Ukwehla kwesisindo okuphawulekayo.
• Ukuqunjelwa njalo.
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ukungakhululeki esiswini, kanye nokuqunjelwa.
• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba liphansi kunejwayelekile.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo futhi ukhathele .
• Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile kwabesifazane namantombazane amancane.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ubuthakathaka.
• Ukukhula kwezinwele ezincane (i-lanugo) emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emhlane nasezingalweni.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.

Izinguquko ekuziphatheni:

• Ukuzizwa "usuthi" ngaphambi kokudla, noma ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla ngokuphelele .
• Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile.
• Ukunciphisa ngamabomu inani lokudla okudliwayo.
• Kudla ukudla okunokwakheka okuthile kuphela (isib. ukudla okuthambile kakhulu, noma ukudla okuqinile kuphela).
• Ngihlala ngesaba izinto ezifana nokuhlanza ngemva kokudla noma ukudla okubhajwe emphinjeni.
• Isimo sengqondo 'sokuthanda ukudla' esasikade sivame kakhulu, futhi inani lokudla okungadliwa liya ngokuya lincipha.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-ARFID ayibangelwa isimo sengqondo esibi ngesimo somzimba womuntu noma isifiso sokunciphisa isisindo.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-ARFID?

Imbangela eqondile ye-ARFID ayaziwa okwamanje , kodwa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lusikisela ukuthi izici eziningana zingadlala indima:

• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu.
• Ukwesaba izinto ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukudla.
• Ezinye izinguquko zofuzo .
• Amanye amathonya endaweni yethu, emphakathini, kanye namasiko.
• Okuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kwangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi lokho okuhlobene nokudla.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ARFID?

I-ARFID ingathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, okuhlanganisa abantu abadala nezingane. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu ebuntwaneni . Ungase ube sengozini yokuthola lesi simo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma uke wabhekana nanoma yiziphi izigameko ezibuhlungu ezihlobene nokudla. Isibonelo, ukuncishwa ukudla, ukuphoqwa ukudla, noma ukulamba ukudla.
• Uma unesifo sengqondo (isib. ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, isifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo (ADHD)) noma esinye isimo esithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwemizwa.
• Uma ungathandi kakhulu ukuthungwa kokudla okuthile.
• Uma uhlala wesaba ukuthi ukudla ukudla kuzolimaza umzimba wakho.
• Uma amalungu omndeni wakho aseduze (umndeni wemvelo) eke aba nezinkinga zokudla.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-ARFID?

Uma i-ARFID ingelashwa kahle, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zazo eziyingozi kakhulu.

• Ukungondleki kahle : Ukungatholi izakhamzimba ezidingwa ngumzimba.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Ukuncipha kwenani lamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte : Ukungalingani kosawoti njenge-sodium ne-potassium.
• I-anemia : Ukuntuleka kwegazi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Ukuncipha kwamathambo (i-Osteoporosis) .
• Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe kungenzeka.
• Ukuphuza isikhathi sokuthomba ezinganeni.
• Izinguquko kanye nokukhubazeka ekukhuleni komzimba.

Le miphumela ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi empilweni . Ngokumangalisayo, ngezinye izikhathi umzimba womuntu one-ARFID ungajwayelana nalokhu kucindezeleka futhi ungakhombisi zimpawu zangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma kuhlolwa, lesi simo singase singabonakalanga ngokucacile, kodwa isimo singase sibe sibi kakhulu ngaphakathi.

I-ARFID ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho yokuxhumana nabantu. Isibonelo, ungase ungafuni ukudla nomndeni, ukuya emaphathini abangani, noma ukuhlanganyela kunoma yimiphi imicimbi ehilela ukudla. Lokhu kungalimaza ubudlelwano bakho nomndeni nabangani, futhi kukuphazamise emsebenzini wesikole nasemsebenzini.

Itholakala kanjani i-ARFID?

Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi une-ARFID yini ngokucabangela izindinganiso ezimbalwa ezithile. Lezi zindinganiso yilezi:

• Ukuvinjelwa kokudla kumele ukuthi kwaholela ekunciphiseni isisindo okukhulu (ezinganeni, ukwehluleka ukufinyelela ukukhula okulindelekile), ukungondleki kahle , ukuthembela ekunceliseni ngamapayipi noma izithasiselo zamavithamini/zokudla okunempilo, kanye/noma ukuxhumana nabanye nabantu kumele ukuthi kwathinteka ukuvinjelwa kokudla.
• Lokhu kuvinjelwa kokudla akufanele kube ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokudla, ukuzila ukudla ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo, noma isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo noma ukwelashwa kwaso.
• Futhi, lokhu kuvinjelwa kokudla akufanele kwenziwe ngenxa yombono ongemuhle ngokubukeka komzimba womuntu noma ngenhloso yokwehlisa isisindo noma ukushintsha isimo somzimba wakhe.
• Ngisho noma ukuvinjelwa kokudla kungenxa yesimo sezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa, kumele kube sezingeni elidlula izinga lemiphumela emibi evame ukulindeleka futhi kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu empilweni iyonke.

Ukuze aqinisekise lezi zinto, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, futhi angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yakho jikelele, amazinga okudla okunempilo, futhi kuqashwe ukusebenza kwezitho zakho zangaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ngoba imiphumela emibi yalesi simo ingaba yingozi empilweni futhi ingathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba.

Iphathwa kanjani i-ARFID?

Kunemigomo eminingana eyinhloko yokwelapha i-ARFID:

• Ukukusiza ukuthi uthole futhi ugcine isisindo sakho siphilile .
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezithinta impilo yakho iyonke.
• Ukukusiza ukuthi uphathe izinkinga zakho zemizwa, ukuzonda imizwa, kanye nokwesaba ukudla.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalokhu yi -Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . Lokhu kwelashwa kungakusiza ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Thola imicabango eyinkinga kanye nokuziphatha okuthinta impilo yakho.
• Nciphisa ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka ngokudla.
• Khululeka kakhudlwana futhi ukhululeke ngezinselele zokuzwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokusiza ingqondo nomzimba wakho ukuthi ululame futhi uvimbele izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo, imithi yokucindezeleka, noma imithi evuselela isifiso sokudla. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona yanoma yimuphi umuthi ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuwuthatha.

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, udokotela angase anqume ukunikeza ukudla okunomsoco kwamathumbu okwesikhashana. Lena ipayipi elithambile neliguquguqukayo elifakwa ngekhala noma ngqo esiswini noma emathunjini amancane. Le payipi ivumela umzimba ukuthi uthole izakhamzimba ngaphandle kokudla ngomlomo.

Ubani owelapha i-ARFID? Ingabe udinga ithimba lochwepheshe?

Yebo, ngoba i-ARFID iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ungadinga usizo lwethimba lodokotela nabelaphi ukuze bakwelaphe. Leli thimba lingafaka:

• Udokotela womndeni wakho (udokotela wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko) .
• Umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo noma umelaphi wezokuziphatha kwengqondo .
• Udokotela ochwepheshe ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla (Gastroenterologist) .
• Isazi sezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (uma kunezinkinga ezifana nokugwinya).
• Odokotela abangochwepheshe abelapha ezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa yi-ARFID.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa kwe-ARFID kuthatha isikhathi. Njengoba wonke umuntu ehlukile, kunzima ukunikeza isikhathi esiqondile lapho uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono khona. Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umzimba wakho uqala ukuthola izakhamzimba ozidingayo, uzoqala kancane kancane ukuzwa impumuzo ezimpawini zakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha intuthuko yakho futhi uqaphele izinkinga ezintsha ezingase zivele esikhathini esizayo, njengoba ungase udinge ukwesekwa yithimba lakho lezokwelapha kanye nokulandelwa njalo empilweni yakho yonke .

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela i-ARFID?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-ARFID ukuthi ingenzeki.

Kunjani okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu one-ARFID? Yini okufanele uyilindele?

I-ARFID yisimo sempilo yengqondo esithinta umzimba wakho ngqo. Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi 'ukungabekezelelani nokudla' okulula ekuqaleni, imiphumela yokuncisha ukudla ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi isongela nokuphila uma ingelashwa kahle. Nakuba izingane zivame ukukhula zidlule ekungabekezelelani kwazo ukudla njengoba zikhula, i-ARFID idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Kungaba yisimo sokuphila konke esidinga ukuphathwa. Abantu abane-ARFID bavame ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo siwukuxilongwa okusha kwezesayensi yezokwelapha, akukho ukwelashwa okukodwa okusebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha, njengemithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT).

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu:

• Uma ungakwazi ngisho nokudla noma ukuphuza amanzi amancane.
• Uma uzizwa ukwesaba okukhulu noma ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi udla.
• Uma ungenasithakazelo noma isifiso sokudla.
• Uma ulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Uma ubhekene nezinye izimpawu ezihlobene ne-ARFID okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Khumbula, akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngomuntu onesifo sengqondo ukuqaphela ukuthi udinga usizo futhi alucele. Ngakho-ke, ukwesekwa, ukuqonda, kanye nesikhuthazo sabathandekayo bakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekubenzeni badluliselwe kumuntu onganikeza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Dokotela, yini ngempela engiyixilongiwe?"
• "Ingabe ngidinga ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo?"
• "Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba nayo imithi onginika yona?"
• "Uma ngingakwazi ukudla kahle, ngenzenjani ukuze ngithole ukudla okudingwa ngumzimba wami?"
• "Ingabe ngizodinga ipayipi lokuphakela?"

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ARFID ne-Anorexia?

I-ARFID kanye ne-Anorexia I-Nervosa zombili ziyizimo zempilo yengqondo ezivimbela ukudla. Kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu . I-Anorexia yenzeka lapho umuntu enesimo sengqondo esingesihle ngomzimba wakhe futhi evimbela ukudla kwakhe ezama ukushintsha leso sithombe, ikakhulukazi ukuze anciphise isisindo. Ku-ARFID, lesi simiso asiphathelene nesimo somzimba wakhe.

Ingabe i-ARFID iyingxenye ye-Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Cha. Nakuba ezinye zezimpawu ze-ARFID zingase zifane neze-autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ziyizimo ezimbili ezihlukene . Isibonelo, zombili lezi zimo zingabandakanya ukwenyanya okunamandla ukuthungwa kokudla okuthile. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abane-ARFID, lokhu kwenyanya kwezinzwa kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, njengokungondleki kahle okukhulu.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi lokhu kukunika ukuqonda okungcono kwe-ARFID. Okokugcina, khumbula la maphuzu:

• I-ARFID yisimo sempilo yengqondo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingathuthuki ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ngakho akufanele sithathwe kalula.
• Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi 'ukungabekezelelani nokudla' ekuqaleni, uma umzimba ungakutholi ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo, kungaholela ezinkingeni eziyingozi kakhulu nezisongela ukuphila .
• Kukhona ukwelashwa okutholakalayo , kodwa kudinga isikhathi nesineke. Ukusekelwa yithimba lakho lezokwelapha kanye nabathandekayo bakho kuzokusiza kakhulu ukuthi ubuyele empilweni enhle.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othile omaziyo angaba nale nkinga, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu!

I- ARFID, Isifo Sokudla Okugwemayo/Esivimbelayo, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, impilo yengqondo, impilo yengane, izinkinga zokudla, ukudla okukhethayo