Ake sifunde konke mayelana nemigwaqo emikhulu ethwala ukuphila emizimbeni yethu: Imithambo yegazi!

Sonke sikhuluma ngezinhliziyo zethu ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi sicabanga ngazo kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa kungakanani esikwaziyo ngempela ngalowo 'uhlelo lwamapayipi' olumangalisayo oluthwala igazi eliyigugu elimpontshelwa yinhliziyo liye kuwo wonke amaseli amancane emzimbeni wethu, kusukela ezinweleni zethu kuya ezinzwaneni zethu? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngemithambo yegazi, eyenza lowo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi impilo yomzimba wethu incike kuyo. Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nohlelo olukhulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu.

Iyini imithambo yegazi kalula?

Cabanga ngephampu yamanzi endlini yakho. Ngemva kokuba iphampu iphampu amanzi, idinga uhlelo lwephampu ukuze ithwale lawo manzi iye ekhishini, endlini yokugezela, kanye nasegadini, akunjalo? Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Inhliziyo yethu iyiphampu eyinhloko emzimbeni. Uhlelo lwephampu olusabalalisa igazi elicebile nge-oksijini futhi elicebile ngezakhamzimba eliphampulwa yile phampu kuwo wonke amagumbi omzimba lubizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi. Lezi ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngaphandle kwale mithambo yegazi, ubuchopho bethu, izinso, izitho zomzimba, nanoma yisiphi esinye isitho besingeke sithole umoya-mpilo namandla esiwadingayo ukuze sisebenze. Lokho kusho ukuthi impilo yethu incike empilweni yale nqubo yemithambo yegazi.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi?

Yebo, kukhona umehluko omncane ekusebenzeni kwemithambo yegazi, kuye ngokuthi yenzani. Singakhuluma kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili. Nakuba zombili lezi zithwala igazi elihlanzekile lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke, indlela ihlukile kancane.

1. Imithambo Enwebekayo: Cabanga ucindezela ibhaluni eligcwele amanzi. Lokho kucindezela kudonswa ebhaluni, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, lapho inhliziyo iphampa igazi ngokuzumayo ngokucindezela okukhulu, lena yimithambo enezindonga ezinwebekayo neziqinile zokumelana nalolo kucindezeleka okukhulu. Lena yimithambo emikhulu kakhulu eseduze nenhliziyo. Isibonelo, umthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wethu, i-aorta, kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu, kungokwalolu hlobo.

2. Imithambo Yemisipha: Manje igazi elivela kuleyo mithambo emikhulu lidinga ukuthunyelwa ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba, ukuze kube nembile, engalweni, emlenzeni, noma engxenyeni yobuchopho. Yilokho okwenziwa yile mithambo yemisipha. Inemisipha ebushelelezi ezindongeni zayo. Ngakho-ke, ingafinyela futhi ikhule kancane uma kudingeka. Lena yindlela igazi eliya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba elilawulwa ngayo. Isibonelo, "umthambo we-Femoral" ethangeni, "umthambo we-Radial" esihlakaleni, kanye "nomthambo we-Brachial" engalweni.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yegazi?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadideka ngayo. Nakuba imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi kuyizinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, zinemisebenzi ehlukene ngokuphelele. Uzokuqonda lokhu kalula uma ubheka leli thebula.

Imithambo yegazi izisiza kanjani izitho zethu zomzimba?

Isitho ngasinye emzimbeni wethu sinendlela yaso ethile yomthambo noma uhlelo lwegatsha lemithambo yegazi. Njengoba nje kunemigwaqo evela emadolobheni ahlukene eya eColombo, izitho zethu zomzimba nazo zinezindlela ezithile zemithambo yegazi ezihlinzeka ngegazi.

Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ongase ungawazi ngemithambo yegazi

• Ukulawulwa komfutho wegazi: Ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezivela ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi, imithambo yakho ingancipha futhi ivuleke (ivuleke). Le nqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni umfutho wegazi wakho uzinzile.

• Umthamo wegazi: Noma nini, cishe u-10% womthamo wegazi ophelele emzimbeni wakho ungaphakathi kwemithambo yakho yegazi.

• Imithambo Ehlukene: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, yonke imithambo yegazi ivame ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile neligcwele umoya-mpilo. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile kulokhu. Lowo umthambo we-pulmonary . Lona uthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini ukuze liphinde lifakwe umoya-mpilo. Lona umsebenzi okhethekile kakhulu.

Yakhiwa kanjani i-artery?

Umthambo awuyona nje ipayipi. Uyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu.

1. Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica intima): Le ngqimba yakha indlela yegazi. Ibushelelezi kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula ngaphandle kokujiya.

2. Ingqimba ephakathi (i-Tunica media): Lena yingxenye eqinile yomthambo wegazi. Iqukethe imisipha ebushelelezi kanye nemicu enwebekayo. Yile ngqimba evumela umthambo wegazi ukuthi ufinyele futhi unwebeke.

3. Ingqimba engaphandle (i-Tunica externa): Yilapho umthambo uvikelwe khona futhi uxhunywe ezicutshini ezizungezile. Imizwa nayo ixhunywe kulengqimba.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta imithambo yegazi?

Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingalimaza uhlelo lwethu oluyigugu lwemithambo yegazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi lezi.

• I-atherosclerosis: Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. I-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto zakha ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque'), okunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi.
• I-Aneurysm: Ingxenye ebuthakathaka yodonga lwemithambo yegazi evuvukala njengebhaluni. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba ingaqhuma futhi yophe emzimbeni.
• Ukugoba kwegazi: Ukugoba kwegazi kungakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi kuvimbele ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid: Ukuncipha kwemithambo ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Kungaholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungalimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Imbangela enkulu ye-atherosclerosis.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (i-PAD): Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi, ngokuvamile emilenzeni.
• I-Vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonisa inkinga ngemithambo yegazi?

Into eyesabekayo lapha ukuthi izifo eziningi ezilimaza imithambo yegazi, njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngisho noma amafutha eqala ukuqoqana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi eqala ukuyivimba, ungase ungazizwa. Izimpawu zivela kuphela ngemva kokuba inkinga isibe nkulu.

Izimpawu ezingase zivele lapho inkinga iba nkulu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina (kungaba uphawu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo)
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma ngokuzumayo, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa engalweni (izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi)
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuhlungu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni (ikakhulukazi uma uhamba)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ungazinaki. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni noma izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.

Ihlolwa futhi yelashwa kanjani impilo yemithambo yegazi?

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho.

• Ukuhlolwa: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-`Angiography` (ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-X-ray), i-`CT` scan, i-`MRI` scan, kanye ne-`Echocardiogram` (ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwenhliziyo) kungahlola isimo semithambo yegazi.
• Ukwelashwa: Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani.
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila: Lokhu kuyisisekelo sayo yonke into.
• Imithi: Imithi efana nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi, kanye nemithi yokunciphisa igazi inganikezwa.
• Ukwelashwa okukhethekile: Uma umthambo uvalekile kakhulu, kungadingeka wenze izinto ezifana ne-angioplasty (inqubo eyandisa umthambo futhi ifake idivayisi efana ne-mesh ebizwa ngokuthi i-stent) noma i-coronary artery bypass grafting (ukuhlinzwa okudlula ukuvaleka futhi kwakha umthambo wegazi omusha).

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu iphilile futhi ihlanzekile?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo kunokuzilapha ngemva kokuba sezivele. Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile nazo zilungele imithambo yakho yegazi.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti, ushukela, ukudla okusheshayo, kanye nokudla okuthosiwe. Gwema ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele kanye namafutha e-trans, njengezinto ezibhakiwe kanye ne-margarine. Faka izithelo eziningi, imifino, ubhontshisi, kanye nokolweni ophelele ekudleni kwakho.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Ngisho nokuhamba ngokushesha uze ujuluke okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kwanele.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kuwumonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ongawenza emithanjeni yakho.
• Lala kahle: Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu omdala alale amahora angu-7-9 ngosuku.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Khulula ingqondo yakho ngokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukulalela umculo.
• Lawula ezinye izifo:Uma unesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol, zilawule kahle ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.

Njengoba nje sicabanga ngenhliziyo, sidinga futhi ukucabanga ngalesi simiso semithambo yegazi esithwala impilo kuleyo nhliziyo nakuwo wonke umzimba. Uma uyinakekela kahle imithambo yakho yegazi, izokunakekela kahle impilo yakho yonke.